Si kastaba ha noqotee, mararka qaarkood waxaa jira khilaafaad u dhexeeya baaritaannada molikal iyo moorfoolojiga; Kuwani waxaa loo kala saari karaa laba nooc: (i) hal qaab-dhismeed, hiddo-wadaha badan (tusaale ahaan is-dhexgalka hiddo-wadaha, noocyada qarsoodiga ah) iyo (ii) hal qaab-dhismeed, hiddo-wadaha badan (tusaale ahaan is-dhexgalka phenotypicity, marxaladaha kala duwan ee wareegga nolosha). Sababtoo ah protists guud ahaan waa nidaamyo paraphyletic ah, badanaa way fududahay in la saaro ama la kala qaybiyo boqortooyada, halkii laga daaweyn lahaa kooxaha protist sida khadadka eukyotic ee u gaarka ah.
aan ahayn monophyletic