In 1884, microbiologist Faransiis Charles Chamberland abuurtay filter ah (oo loo yaqaan maanta sida filter Chamberland ama filter Pasteur-Chamberland) la dalool yar ka badan bakteeriyada. Sidaas darteed, wuxuu mari karaa xal ay ku jiraan bakteeriyada iyada oo loo marayo shaandhada oo gebi ahaanba iyaga ka saaro. In 1892, biologist Ruush Dmitri Ivanovsky loo isticmaalo shaandhada this si ay u bartaan waxa hadda loo yaqaan fayraska mosaic sigaarka. tijaabooyin uu muujiyay in burburiyey laga soosaaray caleemo ka soo go'ay dhirta sigaarka cudurka qaba ka dib markii la sifeeyo. Ivanovsky soo jeediyay in infekshanka waxaa laga yaabaa in ay keento sun ah oo ay soo saaraan bakteeriyada, laakiin ma dabagalin fikradda. Waqtigaas waxaa loo maleeyay in dhammaan wakiilada cudurka qaba waxaa lagu hayn karaa by filtarrada viral iyo fayrusyada ku nool si loo ogaado iyada oo loo marayo filtarrada fayraska ku yar yar yar yar oo ka yar bakteeriyada.
dhirta iyo xayawaanka