Shaqada bilowga ah ee lagu aqoonsaday laba sababood oo bakteeriyada ah, Streptococcus pneumoniae iyo Klebsiella pneumoniae, waxaa sameeyay Carl Friedländer iyo Albert Fraenkel 1882 iyo 1884, siday u kala horreeyaan. Shaqada bilowga ah ee Friedländer waxay soo bandhigtay Gram stain, oo ah tijaabo shaybaar oo aasaasi ah oo wali loo adeegsado maanta si loo aqoonsado loona kala saaro bakteeriyada. Warqadda Christian Gram ee sharraxaysa nidaamka 1884 waxay gacan ka geysatay kala soocida labada bakteeriyo, waxayna muujisay in cudurka sambabka uu sababi karo in ka badan hal microorganism. Sir William Osler, oo loo yaqaan "aabaha daawada casriga ah", ayaa qiimeeyay dhimashada iyo naafada ay keento sambabada sambabada, isagoo ku tilmaamay "horjoogaha dhimashada ragga" 1918, maadaama ay ka hor martay qaaxada sida mid ka mid ah sababaha ugu badan ee dhimashada ee cudurka sambabada, waxaa sameeyay Carl Friedländer iyo Albert Fraen
Carl Friedländer iyo Albert Fraenkel