Richard William Paul iyo Linda Elder waxay qeexayaan anshaxa sida "qowmiyad fikrado iyo mabaadi'da inagu hagaya go'aaminta nooca dabeecadda ay caawineyso ama wax u dhimayso noolaha". Qaamuuska Cambridge ee Falsafadda wuxuu sheegayaa in ereyga "ahlaaqa" "sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalo si isku bedel ah 'ahlaaqa'... mararka qaarkoodna waxaa loo isticmaalaa si cidhiidhi ah macnaheedu yahay mabaadi'da anshaxa ee koox gaar ah, koox ama caado shaqsi ah. Paul iyo Elder waxay sheegaan in dadka intooda badani ay ku wareersan yihiin anshaxa inay ku dhaqmaan si waafaqsan heshiisyada bulshada, caqiidooyinka diinta iyo sharciga, mana u tixgeliyaan anshaxa inay yihiin fikrad gaar ah.
mabaadiida akhlaaqiyaad ee dhaqan gaar ah, koox ama shaqsi