Isticmaalka enzymes ligation waxay u oggolaaneysaa in la isku xiro qaybaha DNA-da. By isku xidhka ("ligating") qaybaha DNA-da ee ilaha kala duwan, cilmi-baarayaashu waxay abuuri karaan DNA isku-dhafan, DNA-da inta badan la xidhiidha noolaha hidde ahaan wax laga beddelay. DNA-da dib-u-dhajinta waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa macnaha plasmids: molecules DNA oo gaaban oo wareegsan oo leh jiin yar oo iyaga ku jira. Habka loo yaqaan'molecular cloning', cilmi-baarayaashu waxay kordhin karaan qaybaha DNA-da iyagoo ku daraya plasmids bakteeriyada ka dibna ku beeraya saxanno agar ah (si loo go'doomiyo unugyada bakteeriyada<unk>"cloning" ayaa sidoo kale loola jeedaa hababka kala duwan ee loo abuuro noolaha la koobiyay ("clonal"). Su'aal: Waa maxay habka u oggolaanaya DNA-da inay kordhiso qaybaha?
DNA-ga isku-dhafan