Waxaa la isku dayay in lagu daro sifooyinka ionic ee isku xirnaanta hypervalent. Mid ka mid ah isbeddelladan, 1951 waxaa la soo jeediyay fikradda 3-center 4-electron (3c-4e) bond, kaas oo ku tilmaamay isku xirnaanta hypervalent oo leh orbital molecular oo tayo leh. Xiriirka 3c-4e waxaa lagu sharxay inay yihiin saddex orbital molecular oo la siiyay isku darka orbital atomic atomic ah oo ku yaal atomka dhexe iyo orbital atomic ah oo ka socda labada ligands ee dhinacyada ka soo horjeeda ee atomka dhexe. Kaliya mid ka mid ah labada lammaane ee elektarooniga ah ayaa qabsanaya orbital molecular oo ku lug leh isku xirnaanta bartamaha, lammaanaha labaad ee aan ku xirneyn oo qabsanaya orbital molecular oo ka kooban kaliya laba orbital atomic oo ka socda ligands.
saddex