Isotype or class switching is a biological process occurring after activation of the B cell, which allows the cell to produce different classes of antibody (IgA, IgE, or IgG). The different classes of antibody, and thus effector functions, are defined by the constant (C) regions of the immunoglobulin heavy chain. Bilowga, naïve B cells express only cell-surface IgM and IgD with identical antigen binding regions. Isotype kasta waxaa loo habeeyay shaqo gaar ah; sidaa darteed, ka dib markii la kiciyo, antibody leh IgG, IgA, ama IgE effector function ayaa laga yaabaa in loo baahdo si wax ku ool ah looga takhaluso antigen. Isotype ama class switching waa geedi socod bayooloji ah oo dhaca ka dib hawlgalka unugyada B si ay u soo saaraan unugyada B si ay u soo saaraan unugyo kala duwan oo ka mid ah unugyada B.
qaababka nucleotide ee la ilaaliyay