U fiirso qoraalka hoose ka dibna ka jawaab su'aasha kadib isla luqadda qoraalka:  Gelitaanka: Marka la isticmaalayo carbohydrate anabolism, asiidhyada dabiiciga ah ee fudud waxaa loo beddeli karaa monosaccharides sida glucose ka dibna loo isticmaali karaa in lagu soo ururiyo polysaccharides sida istaarijka. Abuurka gulukooska ee ka yimaada xeryahooda sida pyruvate, lactate, glycerol, glycerate 3-phosphate iyo amino acids waxaa loo yaqaanaa gluconeogenesis. Gluconeogenesis wuxuu u beddelaa pyruvate glucose-6-phosphate iyada oo loo marayo taxane dhexdhexaad ah, kuwaas oo badankoodu ay wadaagaan glycolysis. Si kastaba ha noqotee, wadadani ma ahan glycolysis oo si fudud dib loogu celiyo, maadaama dhowr tallaabooyin ay kicinayaan enzymes aan glycolytic ahayn. Tani waa muhiim maadaama ay u oggolaaneyso sameynta iyo kala goynta gulukooska in si gooni gooni ah loo xakameeyo, waxayna ka hortagtaa in labada waddo ay si isku mid ah u socdaan wareegga aan faa'iido lahayn. In kasta oo dufanku yahay hab caadi ah oo lagu keydiyo tamarta, xayawaanka lafdhabarta ah sida aadanaha, asiidhyada dufanka leh ee ku jira dukaamadaas laguma beddeli karo gulukoos iyada oo loo marayo gluconeogenesis maadaama noolahaasi aysan u beddeli karin acetyl-CoA inay u beddelaan pyruvate; dhirta ayaa sameeya, laakiin xayawaanku ma laha, waxay leeyihiin mashiinka enzymatic ee lagama maarmaanka ah. Sidaa awgeed, gaajo dheer kadib, lafdhabarta waxay u baahan yihiin inay soo saaraan jirka ketone-ka ee asiidhada dufanka leh si ay ugu beddelaan gulukooska unugyada sida maskaxda oo aan u dheef-shiidi karin asiidhada dufanka leh. In noolaha kale sida dhirta iyo bakteeriyada, dhibaatadan dheefshiidka ah waxaa lagu xalliyaa iyadoo la adeegsanayo wareegga glyoxylate, kaas oo ka gudbaya tallaabada decarboxylation ee wareegga citric acid wuxuuna u oggolaanayaa isbeddelka acetyl-CoA in loo beddelo oxaloacetate, halkaas oo loo isticmaali karo soo saarista gulukooska. Polysaccharides iyo glycans waxaa lagu sameeyaa iyadoo lagu darayo taxane monosaccharides by glycosyltransferase laga bilaabo sonkorta falcelinta-phosphate donor sida uridine diphosphate glucose (UDP-glucose) ilaa koox aqbala hydroxyl oo ku saabsan polysaccharide sii kordhaya. Maadaama mid kasta oo ka mid ah kooxaha hydroxyl ee ku jira giraanta substrate-ka uu noqon karo aqbalaha, polysaccharides-ka la soo saaray wuxuu yeelan karaa qaab dhismeed toosan ama laamo leh. Polysaccharides-ka ay soo saaraan waxay yeelan karaan shaqooyin dhisme ama dheef-shiid kiimikaad, ama waxaa loo wareejin karaa lipids iyo proteins by enzymes loo yaqaano...  Su'aal: Maxaa ka dhalan kara gaajo waqti dheer?
Xayawaanada lafdhabarta ah waxay u baahan yihiin inay jidhka ketonka ka soo saaraan asiidhada dufanka leh si ay ugu beddelaan gulukooska unugyada sida maskaxda oo aan u dheef-shiidi karin asiidhada dufanka leh