U fiirso qoraalka hoose ka dibna ka jawaab su'aasha kadib isla luqadda qoraalka:  Gelitaanka: Noocyada noolaha oo dhan waxay mar walba la kulmaan walxaha aysan cunto ahaan u isticmaali karin, haddii ay ku ururaan unugyada waxay waxyeelo u geysan karaan, maadaama aysan wax dheef-shiid kiimikaad ah lahayn. Kuwani waxay noqon karaan kuwo waxyeelo keeni kara oo loo yaqaano xenobiotics. Xenobiotics sida dawooyinka dabiiciga ah, sunta dabiiciga ah iyo antibiyootikada waxaa lagu nadiifiyaa unugyada xenobiotic-metabolising enzymes. Bini'aadamka, kuwan waxaa ka mid ah cytochrome P450 oxidases, UDP- glucuronosyltransferases, iyo glutathione S-transferases. Nidaamkan enzymes-ka wuxuu ku shaqeeyaa saddex marxaladood si marka hore loo oksijiyo xenobiotic-ka (wajiga I) ka dibna loogu daro kooxaha biyaha ku milma molecule-ka (wajiga II). Xenobiotic-ka biyaha ku milma ee wax laga beddelay ayaa markaa laga soo saari karaa unugyada waxaana laga yaabaa in lagu sii bacrimiyo noolaha unugyada badan ka hor inta aan la soo saarin (wajiga III). Ecology ahaan, falcelintani waxay si gaar ah muhiim ugu yihiin microbial biodegradation ee wasakheynta iyo bioremediation ee dhulka wasakhaysan iyo saliida ku daatay. Inta badan falcelisyada microbial-ka waxaa la wadaagaya noolaha badan ee unugyada badan leh, laakiin sababtoo ah kala duwanaanshaha cajiibka ah ee noocyada microbes noolahaani waxay awood u leeyihiin inay wax ka qabtaan noocyo badan oo xenobiotics ah marka loo eego noolaha badan ee unugyada badan leh, waxayna hoos u dhigi karaan xitaa wasakhda dabiiciga ah ee joogtada ah sida xeryahooda organochloride. Dhibaato la xiriirta noolaha aerobic waa cadaadiska oksidheer. Halkan, geedi socodka oo ay ku jiraan fosfooraynta oksaydhka iyo sameynta isku xirnaanta disulfide inta lagu gudajiro isku laabashada borotiinka waxay soo saaraan noocyo oksijiin oo falcelin leh sida hydrogen peroxide. Oxidants-yada waxyeelada leh waxaa meesha ka saara metabolityada antioxidant-ka sida glutathione iyo enzymes sida catalases iyo peroxidases.  Su'aal: Nooc noocee ah ayaa tan ku dhaca?
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