Ka fiiri qaybta hoose ka dibna ka jawaab su'aasha kadib isla luqadda sida qaybta: Passage: Quanta ee goobta Abelian gauge waa inay ahaataa massless, bosons uncharged, illaa iyo inta simmetry aan la jabin; sidaas darteed, photon ayaa la saadaalinayaa inuu yahay massless, iyo inuu leeyahay eber koronto iyo spin integer.
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