Pedzisa mutsara unotevera: Zvisinei, pashure pokumukira kwemapurovhinzi manomwe okuchamhembe (1568), Kupambwa kweAntwerp (1576),
Kuwa kweAntwerp (1584<unk>1585), uye kuvharwa kworwizi rweScheldt kunotungamira, vanhu vazhinji vanobva kumatunhu ekumaodzanyemba vakatamira kuchamhembe kuenda kuRepublic itsva. Musimboti wokubudirira wakabva kumaguta aiva kumaodzanyemba akadai seBruges, Antwerp, Ghent, uye Brussels uchienda kumaguta aiva kuchamhembe, zvikurukuru muHolland, kusanganisira Amsterdam, The Hague, uye Rotterdam.