Pedzisa mutsara unotevera: Kufuridzirwa kweSelf-Strengthening Movement kubva kuma1840 kwakabva mupfungwa iyi yokuti kudzivirirwa kweChina mukutarisana nehondo uye kupandukira kunofanira kubva mukati, sezvo munhu mukuru achizvisimbisa pasi pekumanikidzirwa kwechiito chakasimba cheDenga. Mutengo wehondo uye
kupandukira kwakaraira kuti dzinza raQing riite matanho akasimba okuvimbisa kupona kwaro. Uyezve, kupona kweChina pachayo kwakanga kwava mungozi.