Pedzisa mutsara unotevera: The Carlsfelder concertina () inhengo yemhuri yeGerman concertina yakagadzirwa naCarl F. Zimmerman, yakavakirwa pane yekutanga Chemnitzer concertina yaCarl Friedrich Uhlig. Zimmerman, akaberekerwa muCarsfeld, Saxony, akazivisa chiridzwa chake pa 1849 Industrial Exhibition muParis, pa 1851 London Industrial Exposition, uye pa 1853
Chiratidziro cheIndasitiri Yamarudzi Ose muNew York. Zimmerman akawedzera pa Uhlig's early 1- and 2-row square concertinas, achigadzira 3-row chromatic bisonoric chiridzwa, pakupedzisira achitengesa bhizinesi rake kumugadziri wezviridzwa Ernst Louis Arnold uye achienda kuUnited States, kwaakazova nemukurumbira nokuda kwechiridzwa chake chemutambo, autoharp.