Pedzisa mutsara unotevera: Shanduko yemaindasitiri muma1700 yakaunza nyaya dzakawanda dzehutano hweveruzhinji dzinokonzerwa nekukura kwemaguta nokukurumidza uye utsanana husina kunaka, zvinhu zvakaita kuti pave nemamepu ezvirwere, kana kuti makadhi ezvokurapa. Chimwe chinhu chakatangira nhau dzezvokurapa, mapikicha ezvokurapa akabuda mukudiwa kwokutaura kusawirirana kwenzvimbo munjodzi yezvirwere zvisingazivikanwi, zvikurukuru kupararira kwemaguta kwekorera uye yellow fever. Mumwe wevanhu vakakurumbira zvikuru mune zvose zviri zviviri epidemiology uye nzvimbo yokurapa ndiJohn Snow, chiremba uyo akaruramisa manyuko okutapurirwa mukati me
Kupararira kwecholera muBroad Street muna 1854. Mepu yaSnow yakakurumbira ya1854 yokubuda kwecholera inoratidza zvakajeka kuti zvirwere zvacho zvaiva zvakapoteredza pombi yeBroad Street, kwaibva mvura yakasvibiswa iyo yakaparira denda racho. Mepu iyi yakaita kuti Snow azive pombi yakanga yakasvibiswa ndokufunga kuti korera chirwere chinopomeranwa nemvura, chinhu chinoshamisa sezvo utachiona hwakanga husingazivikanwi nesayenzi panguva iyoyo. Nepo mipiro yaSnow kunyaya dzezvokurapa uye dzezvirwere isingarambiki, basa remepu iri muchirongwa ichi chaicho chokutsvakurudza rakanyanyowedzeredzwa. Mapepa emapoinzi ezviitiko zvakagadzirwa munguva yeindasitiri zvaive zvishandiso zvine simba mukutaurirana zvakawanikwa neyakajairika epidemiological zviyero zvekubatana, asi basa razvo semidziyo yekuongorora rakaganhurirwa nekuda kwekukanganisa kwehunyanzvi.