Rangarira ndima iri pasi apa uye ipapo pindura mubvunzo gare gare mumutauro mumwe chetewo sechikamu:  Kupfuura: Kuranga kwakanga kuchangobva kubuda kwegeology kwakaunzawo nhau yechisikigo nouzivi hwechisikigo pedyo pamwe chete; kugadzwa kwekoramu ye stratigraphic kwakabatanidza kugoverwa kwenzvimbo kwezvisikwa kugoverwa kwavo kwenguva, chinokosha chinotangira pfungwa dzokuchinja. Georges Cuvier nevamwe vakaita fambiro mberi huru mukuenzanisa anatomy uye paleontology mukupera kwema1790 uye kutanga kwezana ramakore rechi19. Muchikamu chezvidzidzo nemapepa aienzanisa zvakadzama pakati pezvipembenene zvipenyu nezvisaririra zvezvisaririra, Cuvier akakwanisa kuratidza kuti zvisaririra zvacho zvaiva zvisaririra zvezvisikwa zvakanga zvatsakatika panzvimbo pokuva zvisaririra zvezvisikwa zvakanga zvichiri kurarama kune imwe nzvimbo munyika, sezvakanga zvave zvichidavirwa zvikuru. Matongo akawanikwa uye akarondedzerwa naGideon Mantell, William Buckland, Mary Anning, naRichard Owen pakati pavamwe akabetsera kugadza kuti kwakanga kwave kune 'zera rezvinokambaira' iro rakanga ratotangira kunyange mhuka dzinoyamwisa dzapamberi penguva yekare. Zvinhu izvi zvakawanikwa zvakafadza vanhu uye zvakaita kuti vazive nezvenhoroondo yeupenyu panyika. Vazhinji veava vaongorori venyika vakabata catastrophism, asi Charles Lyell's Principles of Geology (1830) yakakurumbira Hutton's uniformitarianism, dzidziso yakatsanangura zvakapfuura zve geological uye zviripo pamatanho akaenzana.  Mubvunzo: Georges Cuvier anozivikanwa nokuda kwei?
kuenzanisa anatomy uye paleontology