Rangarira ndima iri pasi apa uye ipapo pindura mubvunzo gare gare mumutauro mumwe chetewo sechikamu:  Kupfuura: Mamwe maenzyme haadi zvimwe zvinhu kuti ashande zvizere. Mamwe anoda kuti mamolekyu asiri mapuroteni anonzi macofactor abatanidzwe kuti aite basa. Cofactors inogona kuva inorganic (semuenzaniso, simbi ions uye simbi-sarufa mapoka) kana makemikari makemikari (semuenzaniso, flavin uye heme). Aya ma cofactors anoshanda zvinangwa zvakawanda; somuenzaniso, ioni dzesimbi dzinogona kubatsira pakusimbisa marudzi e nucleophilic mukati mebasa rinoshanda. Cofactors dzomuviri dzinogona kuva coenzymes, idzo dzinoburitswa kubva kunzvimbo inoshanda ye enzyme mukati mekupindura, kana mapoka epurasitiki, ayo akasungirirwa zvakasimba kune enzyme. Mapoka e organic prosthetic anogona kubatanidzwa covalently (semuenzaniso, biotin mu enzyme dzakadai se pyruvate carboxylase). Muenzaniso we enzyme ine cofactor ndeye carbonic anhydrase, iyo inoratidzwa mumufananidzo we ribbon pamusoro apa ne zinc cofactor yakabatanidzwa sechikamu chesaiti chayo chinoshanda. Aya ma ion kana kuti mamorekuru akasungirirwa zvakasimba anowanzowanikwa munzvimbo inoshanda uye anobatanidzwa mukutsinhana. Somuenzaniso, flavin ne heme cofactors zvinowanzokanganiswa mumhinduro dze redox. Enzymes dzinoda cofactor asi dzisina imwe yakasungwa dzinonzi apoenzymes kana apoproteins. Enzyme pamwe chete ne cofactor ((s) inodiwa kuti ishande inonzi holoenzyme (kana kuti haloenzyme). Izwi rokuti holoenzyme rinogonawo kushandiswa kuma enzymes ane mapuroteni akawanda, akadai seDNA polymerases; pano holoenzyme ndiyo yakazara yakazara ine zvikamu zvose zvinodiwa kuti zviite basa.  Mubvunzo: Flavin neHeme zvinogona kuiswa muchikwata chipi?
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