Rangarira ndima iri pasi apa uye ipapo pindura mubvunzo gare gare mumutauro mumwe chetewo sechikamu:  Kupfuura: Kusadavira kuvapo kwaMwari kwevanhu vokuMadokero kunotangira muuzivi hwechiGiriki hwakatangira Socrates asati avapo, asi kusadavira kuvapo kwaMwari mupfungwa yanhasi kwakanga kusingawaniki kana kuti kwakanga kusingawanzoitiki muGirisi yekare. VaAtomist vepamberi paSocrates vakadai saDemocritus vakaedza kutsanangura nyika nenzira yezvokunyama chete uye vakatsanangura rudzidziso semhinduro yomunhu kuzvinhu zvakasikwa, asi havana kuramba pachena kuvapo kwavamwari. Mukupera kwezana ramakore rechishanu BCE, mudetembi wechiGiriki Diagoras weMelos akatongerwa rufu muAthens pasi pemhosva yekuva "munhu asina umwari" (<unk>θεος) mushure mekunge anyomba zvakavanzika zveEleusinian, asi akatiza guta kuti atize kurangwa. Vanyori vakatevera vakataura nezvaDiagoras se"mutendi wokutanga kuti Mwari haako", asi zvimwe akanga asiri mutendi kuti Mwari haako mupfungwa yemazuva ano yeshoko racho. Chidimbu chemutambo wakarasika waSisyphus, uyo wakanzi wakanyorwa naCritias naEuripides, unotaura kuti mumwe murume akachenjera akagadzira "kutya vamwari" kuitira kuti atyisidzire vanhu kuti vazvibate zvakanaka. Zvisinei, kutaura uku pakutanga kwakanga kusingarevi kuti vanamwari vacho vakanga vasipo, asi kuti masimba avo akanga ari enhema. Kutaura kwokusadavira kuvapo kwaMwari kwakanziwo kwakaitwa nomuzivi ainzi Prodicus. Philodemus anotaura kuti Prodicus aidavira kuti "vanamwari vanotendwa nevakawanda havapo uye havavazivi, asi munhu wepakuvamba, [nokuyemura, akanamata] zvibereko zvepasi uye zvinenge zvinhu zvose zvakaita kuti avepo". Protagoras pane dzimwe nguva akatorwa kuva asingadaviri kuti kuna Mwari, asi panzvimbo pezvo akatsigira maonero okusada kuziva, achitaura kuti "Pamusoro pavamwari handikwanisi kuwana kana varipo kana kuti kwete, kana kuti vakaita sei muchimiro; nokuti kune zvipingamupinyi zvizhinji zvoruzivo, kusanzwisisika kwenyaya yacho uye kupfupika kwoupenyu hwomunhu". 470<unk>399 BCE) nechiito chemafungiro evanhu vepamberi peSocratic kune kutsvakurudza kwezvisikwa uye kurambwa kwezvinotsanangurwa naMwari zvezviitiko. Mutambo waAristophanes wokusetsa unonzi The Clouds (wakaitwa muna 423 BCE) unoratidzira Socrates seari kudzidzisa vadzidzi vake kuti vamwari vechiGiriki vomuzana remakore rokutanga havapo....  Mubvunzo: sextus empiricus akava sei nomuuyo wakareba pavazivi vakatevera?
Bhuku rake guru zvikuru remabasa akararama