Rangarira ndima iri pasi apa uye ipapo pindura mubvunzo gare gare mumutauro mumwe chetewo sechikamu:  Kupfuura: Biosphere ndiyo chikamu chepasi chepamusoro-soro - chinosanganisira ivhu, matombo ari pamusoro penyika, mvura, mhepo uye mhepo - umo upenyu hunoitika, uye hunochinja kana kushandurwa nemaitiro ezvinhu zvipenyu. Kubva pakuona kwakakura kwe geophysiological, biosphere ndiyo nyika yezvakatipoteredza inosanganisa zvipenyu zvose nehukama hwavo, kusanganisira kudyidzana kwavo nezvinhu zve lithosphere (matombo), hydrosphere (mvura), uye mhepo (mhepo). Pasi rose rine matani anodarika mabhiriyoni 75 (mabhiriyoni 150 kana kuti makirogiramu 6.8×1013) ehupenyu (hupenyu), hunogara munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana mukati me biosphere. Zvinopfuura zvikamu zvipfumbamwe kubva muzvitanhatu zvehupenyu hwose hwepasi pano hupenyu hwezvirimwa, hunoenderana zvikuru nehupenyu hwemhuka kuti huvepo. Kusvika iye zvino, marudzi emiti nemhuka anopfuura mamiriyoni maviri akazivikanwa, uye zvinofungidzirwa kuti nhamba chaiyo yemarudzi aripo iye zvino inobva pamamiriyoni anoverengeka kusvika kumamiriyoni anopfuura 50. Nhamba yemarudzi eupenyu inogara ichichinja-chinja, marudzi matsva achioneka uye mamwe achifa nguva dzose. Nhamba yose yemarudzi ari kuderera nokukurumidza.  Mubvunzo: chii chinoumba biosphere?
gadziriro yezvakatipoteredza yenyika yose inobatanidza zvisikwa zvipenyu zvose noukama hwazvo, kubatanidza kudyidzana kwazvo nezvinhu zvelithosphere (matombo), hydrosphere (mvura), uye mhepo (mhepo)