Pedzisa mutsara unotevera: Muna 1919, Chiito chaMay Fourth chakakura kubva mukuratidzira kwevadzidzi kuChibvumirano cheVersailles, zvikurukuru mashoko ayo aibvumira Japan kuchengeta nharaunda dzakapihwa neGermany pashure pe
Kukombwa kweTsingtao, uye kudzvinyirirwa kworudzi rwechiChinese pakati pokuratidzira.