Muna 1543, Andreas Vesalius akavhura nguva yemazuva ano yekurapa kweWestern neake seminal human anatomy treatise De humani corporis fabrica, iyo yaive yakavakirwa pakuparadzaniswa kwemitumbi. Vesalius ndiye wekutanga mune akateedzana eanatomists avo zvishoma nezvishoma vakatsiva scholasticism ne empiricism mune physiology uye mushonga, vachivimba neruzivo rwekutanga pane chiremera uye kufunga kwekufungidzira. Via herbalism, mushonga waivewo zvisina kunangana sosi yekuvandudzwa kwe empiricism mukudzidza kwezvirimwa. Otto Brunfels, Hieronymus Bock naLeonhart Fuchs vakanyora zvakanyanya pamiti, kutanga kwechimiro-chakavakirwa nzira kune hupenyu hwehupenyu hwezvirimwa.
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