Rangarira ndima iri pasi apa uye ipapo pindura mubvunzo gare gare mumutauro mumwe chetewo sechikamu:  Passage: Kunetsekana kwakakomba kuri kumutswawo pamusoro pemapoka etsika asingagamuchiri mwero wakaenzana wecherekedzo yemagariro kana kukwezva mari semhuka dzine mitsipa. Izvi zvinosanganisira fungal (kusanganisira lichen-kuumba marudzi), invertebrate (kunyanya zvipembenene) uye miti munharaunda umo ruzhinji biodiversity anomiririrwa. Kuchengetedzwa kwefungus uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvipembenene, kunyanya, zvose zviri zviviri zvinokosha zvikuru pakuchengetedza biology. Sezvipembenene zvinorarama pamwe chete, uye sezvinoputsa uye zvinoshandurazve zvinhu, fungi inokosha kuti masango arambe achirarama. Kukosha kwezvipembenene mumamiriro ezvinhu epasi rose kwakakura kwazvo nemhaka yokuti zvinopfuura mamwe mapoka ose ezvisikwa zvipenyu mukuyera upfumi hwemarudzi. Chikamu chikuru chebiomass panyika chinowanikwa muzvirimwa, izvo zvinotsigirwa nehukama hwezvipembenene. Iyi ukoshi hukuru hwemhoteredzo hwezvipembenene hunopokanidzwa nenzanga iyo kazhinji kazhinji inopindura zvisina kunaka kuzvisikwa izvi 'zvisingafadzi.' Imwe nharaunda yokunetseka munyika yezvipembenene iyo yakabata ngwariro yavose inyaya isinganzwisisiki yenzombe dzeuchi dzinoshayikwa (Apis mellifera). Nyuchi dzinoita basa rinokosha rezvakatipoteredza nokuita basa rokupururudza, dzichitsigira zvirimwa zvakasiyana-siyana. Kushandiswa kwouchi nevira kwave kuchishandiswa zvikuru munyika yose. Kunyangarika kamwe kamwe kwenyuchi dzichibva mudendere risina chinhu kana kuti chirwere chinonzi colony collapse disorder (CCD) chinowanzoitika. Zvisinei, mumwedzi 16 kubva muna 2006 kusvika muna 2007, 29% yevarimi 577 vokuUnited States vakashuma nezvokurasikirwa neCCD mumakoroni avo anosvika 76%. Kupera kwenhamba yezvipuka nokukurumidza uku kuri kuremedza chikamu chokurima. Zvinokonzera kuderera kukuru uku zviri kuvhiringidza masayendisiti. Zvirwere zvinokuvadza, mishonga inouraya zvipembenene, uye kudziya kwepasi rose zvose zviri kurangarirwa sezvisakiso zvinobvira. Chimwe chinhu chinokosha chinobatanidza biology yokuchengetedza nezvipembenene, masango, uye chinjo yemamiriro okunze ihosha yechikara chomupine (Dendroctonus ponderosae) muBritish Columbia, Canada, icho chakaparadza 470,000 km2 (180,000 sq mi) yenzvimbo ine masango kubvira muna 1999. Urongwa hwokuita hwave...  Mubvunzo: Zvipembenene zvinokosha zvakadini kana zvichienzaniswa nezvimwe zvisikwa?
anopfuura mamwe mapoka ose anorarama mukuyera upfumi hwemarudzi