Rangarira ndima iri pasi apa uye ipapo pindura mubvunzo gare gare mumutauro mumwe chetewo sechikamu:  Passage: Mapeya ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinozivikanwa zvikuru nezveshiri dzemazuva ano, uye unhu hwaigoveranwa nemamwe mapoka ose edzinosaur. Zvichienderana nokuparadzirwa kwazvino uno kwezvicherwa, kunoratidzika kuti minhenga yakanga iri vara remadzitateguru edzinza ravadinosaur, kunyange zvazvo ingave yakarasika nenzira yokusarudza mumarudzi akati. Uchapupu hwakananga hwezvicherwa zveminhenga kana kuti zvivako zvakafanana neminhenga hwakawanwa mumarudzi akasiyana-siyana mumapoka akawanda edzinosaur asiri eshiri, zvose zviri zviviri pakati pe saurischians uye ornithischians. Zvimiro zvakapfava, zvine mapazi, zvakafanana neminhenga zvinozivikanwa kubva kuheterodontosaurids, neornithischians dzapakuvamba uye theropods, uye ceratopsians dzapakuvamba. Uchapupu hwokuti paiva nemapapiro chaiwo, akafanana neepapiro dzeshiri dzemazuva ano dzinosimuka dzave dzichiwanikwa chete muboka re theropod rinonzi Maniraptora, iro rinosanganisira oviraptorosaurs, troodontids, dromaeosaurids, uye shiri. Zvinhu zvakafanana neminhenga zvinonzi pycnofibres zvakawanikwawo muzvipembenene zvinonzi pterosaurs, zvichiratidza kuti mhuka idzi dzingava dzaiwanzosangana neshiri uye dzingadaro dzakatangira kusati kwava nemadinosaurs. Kutsvakurudza nezvezvinhu zvinogadzirwa nemakoko okuAmerica kwakaratidzawo kuti makondohwe ane mapapiro-keratins panguva yokuyaruka, asi makeratin aya haataurwi nemhuka idzi dzisati dzatsemuka. Archaeopteryx ndiyo yaiva tsanga yokutanga yakawanikwa yakaratidza kubatana kungavapo pakati pemadhinosaur neshiri. Inoonekwa sechinhu chakawanikwa munguva yokushanduka kwezvinhu, pakuti inoratidza unhu hwemapoka acho ose ari maviri. Rakabudiswa makore maviri chete pashure pokunge bhuku raDarwin rinonzi The Origin of Species rabudiswa, kuwanikwa kwaro kwakamutsa gakava rakanga richangotanga pakati pevatsigiri vebiology yokushanduka-shanduka nechisiko. Shiri yokutanga iyi yakafanana zvikuru nedhinosaur zvokuti, pasina chiratidzo chakajeka cheminhenga mudombo rakapoteredza, kanenge kachikamu kamwe kanokanganiswa neCompsognathus. Kubvira kuma1990, mamwe madinosaur aiva nemapapiro akawanikwa, achitopa uchapupu hwakasimba hwokuti madinosaur neshiri dzemazuva ano zvaiva noukama hwepedyo. Zvizhinji zvezviratidzo izvi...  Mubvunzo: Yakabudiswa makore mangani pashure pebhuku rinonzi Origin of Species?
makore maviri