Biosphere ndiyo chikamu chepasi redu chekunze - kusanganisira ivhu, matombo epamusoro, mvura, mhepo uye mhepo - umo hupenyu hunoitika, uye izvo zviitiko zvehupenyu zvinoshandura kana kushandura. Kubva pane yakakura geophysiological maonero, biosphere ndiyo yepasi rose ecological system inosanganisa zvipenyu zvese nehukama hwavo, kusanganisira kudyidzana kwavo nezvinhu zve lithosphere (matombo), hydrosphere (mvura), uye mhepo (mhepo). Pasi rese rine anopfuura 75 bhiriyoni matani (150 trillion mapaundi kana anenge 6.8 × 1013 makirogiramu) ehupenyu (hupenyu), iyo inogara mukati mezvakasiyana nharaunda mukati me biosphere. Zvinopfuura zvikamu zvipfumbamwe kubva muzvitanhatu zvehupenyu hwepasi pano hupenyu hwezvirimwa, hunoenderana zvakanyanya nehupenyu hwemhuka kuti huvepo. Zvinopfuura mamirioni maviri emarudzi ehupenyu hwezvirimwa nemhuka zvakazivikanwa kusvika parizvino, uye huwandu hwezvipenyu huripo hunoramba huchiwedzera kubva pamamirioni makumi mashanu emamirioni. Mubvunzo: Chii chinoita kuti huwandu hwem
gadziriro yezvakatipoteredza yenyika yose inobatanidza zvisikwa zvipenyu zvose noukama hwazvo, kubatanidza kudyidzana kwazvo nezvinhu zvelithosphere (matombo), hydrosphere (mvura), uye mhepo (mhepo)