Pedzisa mutsara unotevera: Guta rekare rakaparadzwa neRepublic yeRoma muna
Hondo yechitatu yePunic muna 146 BC uye yakazokudziridzwazve seRoma Carthage, iyo yakava guta guru reUmambo hweRoma mudunhu reAfrica. Guta racho rakapambwa ndokuparadzwa nemauto eUmayyad mushure meHondo yeCarthage muna 698 kudzivirira kuti risatorwezve neHumambo hweByzantine. Rakaramba richigarwa munguva yevaMuslim uye raishandiswa senhare nevaMuslim kusvika panguva yevaHafsid apo rakatorwa nevaCrusaders nevagari varo vakaurayiwa panguva yeEighth Crusade. VaHafsid vakasarudza kuparadza dziviriro dzayo kuitira kuti isashandiswezve seshongwe nesimba rine utsinye. Rakarambawo richishanda somuzinda wabhishopi.