Rangarira ndima iri pasi apa uye ipapo pindura mubvunzo gare gare mumutauro mumwe chetewo sechikamu:  Passage: Kutsvakurudza kwakazara kwakazaruka kwedzidzo pamusoro pecryptography kwakavamba misi ichangobva kupfuura iyi; kwakatanga bedzi pakati pama1970. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, vashandi veIBM vakagadzira algorithm yakazova Federal (kureva, US) Data Encryption Standard; Whitfield Diffie naMartin Hellman vakaburitsa yavo kiyi chibvumirano algorithm; uye iyo RSA algorithm yakaburitswa mukoramu yaMartin Gardner's Scientific American. Zvichitevera basa ravo muna 1976, kwakava kwakakurumbira kurangarira gadziriro dzokunyora mashoko akavanzika dzakavakirwa pamibvunzo yemasvomhu iri nyore kutaura asi yakawanwa kuva yakaoma kupedza. Kubvira ipapo, cryptography yava chinhu chinoshandiswa zvikuru mukukurukurirana, makombiyuta, uye kuchengeteka kwemakombiyuta. Dzimwe nzira dzemazuva ano dzokunyora mashoko dzakavanzika dzinogona kuchengeta makiyi adzo akavanzika chete kana zvimwe zvinetso zvemasvomhu zvisingagoni kugadziriswa, zvakadai sokuparadzanisa nhamba dzakakwana kana kuti zvinetso zvelogarithm yakaparadzana, naizvozvo kune kubatana kwakadzama nemasvomhu asingaoneki. Kune masisitimu mashoma kwazvo anonyorwa ayo anoratidzirwa kuva akachengeteka chose chose. Bhodhi rinoshandiswa kamwe chete ndiro rimwe, uye rakaratidzwa naClaude Shannon. Kune mashandisirwo mashoma anokosha ayo akaratidzwa kuva akachengeteka pasi pemamwe mafungiro. Somuenzaniso, kusakwanisa kupatsanura nhamba dzakakura zvikuru ndidzo nheyo dzokudavira kuti RSA yakachengeteka, uye dzimwe nzira, asi kunyange zvakadaro uchapupu hwokusavhiringidzika hahuwaniki sezvo chinetso chemasvomhu chinoramba chakazaruka. Mukuita, izvi zvinoshandiswa zvikuru, uye zvinotendwa kuti hazviputsiki mukuita navanocherechedza vanokwanisa zvikurusa. Kune masisitimu akafanana neRSA, akadai seimwe yakaitwa naMichael O. Rabin iyo inoratidzika yakachengeteka inopa kuti factoring n = pq haibviri; haishandisirwi zvachose mukuita. The discrete logarithm dambudziko ndiyo hwaro nokutenda vamwe cryptosystems yakachengeteka, uye zvakare, pane chokuita, zvishoma inoshanda hurongwa kuti vari provably yakachengeteka hama kuti solvability kana insolvability discrete log dambudziko.Kuwedzera pakuziva cryptographic nhoroondo, cryptographic algorithm uye hurongwa vagadziri vanofanirawo zvine musoro...  Mubvunzo: Taura nzira imwe chete iyo cryptography inoshandiswa sechishandiso?
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