Rangarira ndima iri pasi apa uye ipapo pindura mubvunzo gare gare mumutauro mumwe chetewo sechikamu:  Kupfuura: Vacherechedzi vechiIndia, vechiGiriki, vechiEgipita, vechiBhabhironi uye vechiChina vakare vaiziva nezveVenus uye vakanyora kufamba kwepasi. Vazivi venyeredzi vapakuvamba vechiGiriki vakadana Venus nemazita maviri - Hesperus nyeredzi yamadekwana uye Phosphorus nyeredzi yamangwanani. Pythagoras ndiye anozivikanwa nokuziva kuti yaiva nyika imwe chete. Hapana uchapupu hwokuti pane imwe yetsika idzi yaiziva nezvokupfuura kwacho. Venus yakanga ichikosha kumagariro ekare eAmerica, zvikurukuru kuvaMaya, avo vakaidana kuti Noh Ek, "Nyeredzi Huru" kana kuti Xux Ek, "Nyeredzi yeMhashu"; ivo vakaratidza Venus muchimiro chamwari Kukulkán (anozivikanwawo kana kuti akabatana naGukumatz uye Quetzalcoatl mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeMexico). MuDresden Codex, vaMaya vakaronga kutenderera kwakakwana kweVenus, asi pasinei nokuziva kwavo kwakarurama nzira yayo, hapana kutaurwa kwokufamba kwaro. Zvisinei, kwakataurwa kuti mifananidzo yakavezwa yakawanwa paMayapan ingava nokuratidzwa kwokufananidzira kwokupfuura kwezana ramakore rechi 12 kana rechi 13. Nyanzvi yePezhiya Avicenna akataura kuva akacherechedza Venus sechinhu paZuva. Ikoku kunobvira, sezvo kwakanga kune kudarika musi waMay 24, 1032, asi Avicenna haana kupa musi wokucherechedza kwake, uye nyanzvi dzazvino uno dzakabvunza kana iye aigona kuve akacherechedza kudarika kubva panzvimbo yake panguva iyoyo; iye angave akafunga zvisiri izvo sunspot nokuda kweVenus. Akashandisa kucherechedza kwake kupfuura kuti abatsire kugadza kuti Venus yakanga iri, pane dzimwe nguva, pasi peZuva muPtolemaic cosmology, kureva kuti nharaunda yeVenus inouya pamberi penzvimbo yeZuva painofamba ichibva kuNyika mumuenzaniso we geocentric uripo.  Mubvunzo: Mwari upi akaumba Venus?
Kukulkán