Pedzisa mutsara unotevera: Makore gumi aya aizivikanwa muEurope nokuva neKushanduka-shanduka kwakaitwa muna 1848 uko kwakanga kusina kubudirira, uyewo kwaizivikanwa se"Nguva yeChirimo Yemarudzi". Munharaunda yose yeAfrica, varombo vane rusununguko uye vashandi vanonyanyisa vakapinda munhevedzano yokumukira vachitsigira chinjo dzomunzanga. MuUnited Kingdom, ikoku kwakanyatsozviratidzira amene kupfurikidza neboka reChartist, iro rakatsvaka kodzero yokuvhota yavose uye chinjo yeparamende. MuFrance, iyo
Shanduko yaFebruary yakatungamirira kukudzingwa kwedzinza reOrléans naLouis-Napoleon Bonaparte. Muna 1848, kubudiswa kweCommunist Manifesto naKarl Marx kwaizobetsera kuisa hwaro hwesonganiro yenyika yose.