Maererano neDSM-IV, chirwere chekudhakwa chinodhakwa ndeichi: "kushandiswa kwechinwiwa chinodhakwa chisina kukodzera nekuremara kwakakosha mumakiriniki kunoratidzwa neanenge matatu ezviitiko zvinotevera mukati megore rimwe chete: kushivirira; kurega; kutorwa muhuwandu hukuru kana kwenguva yakareba kupfuura chinangwa; chishuwo kana kuedza kusingabudirire kuderedza kana kudzora kushandiswa; nguva yakawanda inoshandiswa kuwana, kushandisa, kana kupora kubva mukushandisa; zvemagariro, zvebasa, kana zviitiko zvekuvaraidza kana kudzokorora; kuenderera mberi nekushandisa kunyangwe ruzivo rwepanyama kana rwepfungwa. " Pasinei nekusajeka kwakawanda mushoko, kwakave nekuedza kududzira izwi rekuti doro sechinhu chakasiyana nekushandiswa kwechirwere chinodhakwa kubva muna 1992 naDr. J. A. E. Meinekell, A.A. (AA) Chiremba weNational Council of Medical Research kubva muna 1992, akataura nezve "kunyanya kunwa doro nekushandiswa kwechirwere chinodhakwa" sechinhu chakasiyana nechinhu chinodhakwa chinod
rakadzokororwa kanoverengeka