Nguva yeKupfuura: Nguva yeKupfuura yakatanga nekusimudzirwa kwemichina yakasiyana-siyana yakabatana neSputnik 1 yakatangwa musi waOctober 4, 1957 neSoviet Union. Iyi ndiyo yaive satellite yekutanga yepasi rose, ichitenderera pasi mumaminitsi 98.1 uye ichirema 83 kg (183 lb). Kutanga kweSputnik 1 kwakatangisa nguva itsva yezvematongerwo enyika, zvesayenzi uye zvemichina zvakazozivikanwa seNguva yeKupfuura. Nguva yeKupfuura yakaratidzwa nekukurumidza kukura kwemichina mitsva mumakwikwi akaoma zvikuru pakati peUnited States neSoviet Union. Kufambira mberi kwakakurumidza kwakaitwa mu rocketry, materials science, makombiyuta uye dzimwe nzvimbo.
83 kg