Pedzisa mutsara unotevera:
chimurenga muFrance muna February 1848 chakaparadza Mambo Louis Philippe I ndokuvamba Second French Republic, kushingaira kweshanduko kwakapararira muEurope yose. MuVienna, Chancellor weAustria Klemens von Metternich akasiya basa rake ndokuenda kuLondon achidzingwa, nepo Mambo Ferdinand I akamanikidzwa kusiya chigaro choumambo achiitira muzukuru wake, Franz Joseph. MuUmambo hwose hweAustria, pfungwa dzorudzi pakati pemapoka akasiyana-siyana edzinza reAustria dzakatungamirira kumavhiringidziro muAustria kuti atore zvimiro zvakasiyana-siyana. Manzwiro erusununguko akapararira zvikuru pakati pevaGerman veAustria, ayo akaomeswazve nezviitiko zvakafanana muhurumende dzeGerman. VaHungary mukati meHumambo zvikurukuru vakatsvaka kugadza umambo hwavo pachavo hwakazvimirira kana kuti republic, izvo zvakaguma nechinjo muHungary. VaItaly vaiva muUmambo hweAustria nenzira yakafanana vakatsvaka kubatana nedzimwe nyika dzaitaura chiItaly dzeItaly Peninsula kuti vagadzire "Umambo hweItaly".