Pedzisa mutsara unotevera: Umayyad Caliphate (661<unk>750 CE;, ; ) yaive yechipiri yechina huru caliphates yakagadzwa mushure mekufa kwaMuhammad. Caliphate yaitongwa neumambo hweUmayyad (, "al-ʾUmawīyūn", kana, "Banū ʾUmayyah", "Vanakomana veUmayyah"). Khalifa wechitatu weRashidun Caliphate, Uthman ibn Affan (r. 644<unk>656), aivawo nhengo yedzinza revaUmayyad. Mhuri iyi yakatanga hutongi hwemadzitateguru, hwekugara nhaka naMuawiya ibn Abi Sufyan, gavhuna wenguva refu weal-Sham (Greater Syria), uyo akazova mutongi wechitanhatu mushure mekuguma kwe
Fitna yokutanga muna 661. Mushure mekufa kwaMu'awiyah muna 680, kunetsana pamusoro pekutsiva kwakatungamira kuFitna yechipiri, uye simba rakazopedzisira rawira mumaoko aMarwan I kubva kune rimwe bazi remhuri. Nharaunda yeSyria yakaramba iri nzvimbo huru yesimba revaUmayyad pashure pacho, uye Damasko rakanga riri guta ravo guru.