Pedzisa mutsara unotevera: Umar paakaurayiwa nevaPezhiya muna 644, kusarudzwa kwaOthman kuti ave mutsivi wake kwakaramba kuchiwedzera. Muna 656, Uthman akaurayiwawo, uye Ali akatora chinzvimbo chemacaliph. Ikoku kwakatungamirira ku
hondo yokutanga yevagari vemo ("First Fitna") pamusoro pokuti ndiani anofanira kuva mutongi. VaKharijites vave vari mumwe wevakwikwidzi vakuru muhondo. Vanoti zvivi zvavaKhalifa zvakavaisa kunze kwechiIslam ndokudaidzira kuti vaurayiwe sevatsauki. Kusiyana nevakazotevera veSunni neShia, mutongi anoda kuzvipira bedzi uye haafaniri kuva muzukuru waMuhammad, mhuri yake kana dzinza rake. VaKharijites vakaponda Ali muna 661. Kuti arege kurwazve, mutongi mutsva Hasan ibn Ali akasaina chibvumirano chorugare, achisiya chigaro kuna Mu'awiyah, achitanga umambo hweUmayyad, mukutsinhana kuti haazosarudzi mutsivi wake. Iyi nharo pamusoro poutungamiriri hworudzidziso nehwezvamatongerwe enyika dzaizoparira kupesana munzanga yechiMuslim. Ruzhinji rwacho rwakagamuchira kuvimbika kwevatungamiriri vana vokutanga ndokuzivikanwa sevaSunni. Vashomanene havana kubvumirana uye vaidavira kuti Ali bedzi navamwe vavazukuru vake vanofanira kutonga; ivo vakava vanozivikanwa savaShia. VaKharij vakakundikana kugadza mutungamiriri wavo sezvo vaida kuva mutungamiriri vaipomerwa mhosva yechivi nyore nyore uye vaionekwa sevakaramba kutenda. Mu'awiyah akagadza mwanakomana wake, Yazid I, kuti ave mutsivi wake uye mushure mekufa kwaMu'awiyah muna 680, "hondo yechipiri yevagari vemo" yakatanga, uko Husayn ibn Ali akaurayiwa muhondo yeKarbala, chiitiko chakakosha muShia Islam. ChiIslam cheSunni nechiIslam cheShia zvakasiyana mune zvimwe zvinhu.