Nyorera kupfuurira kweiyi ndima - Pepanhau rakaburitswa kunze kweLithuania chaiko nekuda kwekurambidzwa kweLithuania yekudhinda iyo yakanga yaitwa nevakuru veHumambo hweRussia kubvira Pakumuka muna 1863
. Kwakanga kwakarambidzwa kubudisa chinhu chipi nechipi mumutauro weLithuanian uchishandisa arufabheti yechiLatin; hurumende yaida kumanikidza vanhu kushandisa Grazhdanka, arufabheti yeCyrillic. Kudhinda muarufabheti yechiLatin kwakarongwa kunze kwenyika, zvikurukuru muLithuania Minor; knygnešiai (chaizvoizvo: "vatengesi vemabhuku") vaizotakura zvinhu zvakadhindwa kuyambuka muganhu weGermany neRussia. Iyi yakanga iri imwe yenzira idzo "Aušra" yaizosvika nadzo vaverengi vayo. Imwe nzira yaiva mumamapepa akavharwa.