Rangarira ndima iri pasi apa uye ipapo pindura mubvunzo gare gare mumutauro mumwe chetewo sechikamu:  Passage: Nokuda Dan Bricklin uye Bob Frankston kuti Implementation pamusoro VisiCalc pamusoro Apple II muna 1979 uye IBM PC muna 1981, spreadsheet pfungwa akava zvinozivikanwa mukupera 1970 uye mangwanani 1980s. VisiCalc ndiye wokutanga spreadsheet kuti akabatanidza zvose zvinokosha zviri ano spreadsheet zvikumbiro (kunze mberi kunongedzera / dzinongoitika hurongwa recalculation), akadai WYSIWYG dyidzana User inowanikwa, otomatiki recalculation, mamiriro uye fomura mitsetse, siyana kukopa pamwe hama uye Mhedziso mareferenzi, fomura chivakwa nokusarudza referenced masero. Asina zivo yeLANPAR panguva iyoyo magazini yePC World yakadana VisiCalc kuti pepanhau rokutanga remagetsi. Bricklin akataura nezvokuona purofesa wake weyunivhesiti achigadzira tafura yemigumisiro yokuverenga pahwendefa. Apo purofesa wacho akawana mhosho, aifanira kubvisa nokunyorazve nenzira inonetesa nhamba dzokunyora dzakatevedzana mutafura, zvichiita kuti Bricklin afunge kuti aigona kudzokorora muitiro wacho pakombiyuta, achishandisa bhodhi dema somuenzaniso wokuona migumisiro yemafomura ari pasi. Pfungwa yake yakazova VisiCalc, purogiramu yokutanga yakashandura kombiyuta yomunhu oga kubva pakuvaraidzwa kwevanofarira makombiyuta kuva chinhu chokushandisa mubhizimisi.  Mubvunzo: Pfungwa yaBircklin yakazova yei zvishoma nezvishoma?
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