Muchidimbu: Amnesty International yakavambwa muLondon muna Chikunguru 1961 negweta reChirungu revashandi Peter Benenson pamwe naPurofesa weMutemo neshamwari yake Philip James. Maererano nenhoroondo yaBenenson pachake, aifamba muLondon Underground musi wa19 Mbudzi 1960 paakaverenga kuti vadzidzi vaviri vechiPutukezi kubva kuCoimbra vakatongerwa makore manomwe mutirongo muPortugal nekuda kwekuti "vaive nedoro kune rusununguko". Vatsvakurudzi havana kumbobvira vaona chinyorwa chepepanhau chiri kutaurwa. Muna 1960, Portugal yaitongwa nehurumende yaEstado Novo yaAntónio de Oliveira Salazar. Hurumende yaive nehutongi hwehutongi uye yakanyanyisa kurwisa makomonisiti, ichidzvinyirira vavengi vehurumende sevanopesana nePortugal. Muchikamu chake chepepanhau chechiPutukezi "Vasungwa Vakakanganwa", Benenson akazorondedzera maitiro ake seanotevera: Vhura pepanhau rako chero zuva revhiki uye iwe unogona kuwana nyaya kubva kuCoimbra akatongerwa makore manomwe mutirongo muPor
Gore ra1961