Chirevo chekuti nzira dzesainzi dzinogona kushandiswa kune zvigadzirwa zvetsika dzakagadzirwa neRussia Formalists mumakore ekutanga ezana ramakore rechi20, uye dzakanga dzadzorerwa nevatsvakurudzi vakasiyana-siyana muComparative Literature. Ikozvino yakashandiswa pakushandurwa kwemabhuku. Chikamu chekushandiswa uku chaiva dzidziso ye polysystems (Even-Zohar 1990) umo shanduro yakashandurwa inoonekwa sechinhu chiduku chekugamuchira chinangwa kana hurongwa hwezvinyorwa. Gideon Toury anovaka dzidziso yake pamusoro pekudiwa kwekutarisa shanduro "chokwadi chetsika" yezvinangwa zvekutsvakurudza. Pfungwa dze "kubata" uye "kutsigira" dzakagadziridzwawo maererano neshanduro dzekunyora. Mubvunzo: Ndiani, nekuda kwechinangwa chake chekutsvakurudza, anoisa dzidziso yekushandura, kune "chokwadi chetsika" chinangwa?
Gideon Toury