Rangarira ndima iri pasi apa uye ipapo pindura mubvunzo gare gare mumutauro mumwe chetewo sechikamu:  Passage: Messier 81 (inozivikanwawo seNGC 3031 kana kuti Bode's Galaxy) inyeredzi yakatenderera iri kure nemamiriyoni gumi nemaviri emakore echiedza, ine dhayamita yemakore echiedza ane 90,000, inenge hafu yehukuru hweMilky Way, muboka renyeredzi reUrsa Major. Nemhaka yokuswedera kwayo pedyo nePasi, kukura kwayo kukuru, uye musimboti wegwara renyeredzi unoshanda (uyo une gomba dema guru rinosvika mamiriyoni 70 M<unk>), Messier 81 yakadzidzwa zvikuru nenyanzvi dzomuchadenga. Ukuru hwegwara renyeredzi uye kupenya kwaro kwakakwirirawo kunoita kuti rive chinhu chinofarirwa nevaongorori venyeredzi. Messier 81 yakatanga kuwanikwa naJohann Elert Bode musi waDecember 31, 1774. Somugumisiro, boka renyeredzi racho dzimwe nguva rinonzi "Bode's Galaxy". Muna 1779, Pierre Méchain naCharles Messier vakazivazve chinhu chaBode, icho chakazonyorwa muMessier Catalogue.  Mubvunzo: Messier 81 inenge iri kure nemakore mangani okupenya?
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