Pedzisa mutsara unotevera: Pepanhau rakabudiswa kunze kweLithuania chaiyo nemhaka yekurambidzwa kweLithuania kwepepanhau kwakanga kwaitwa nevakuru veHumambo hweRussia kubvira muna
Kumuka muna 1863. Kwakanga kwakarambidzwa kubudisa chinhu chipi nechipi mumutauro weLithuanian uchishandisa arufabheti yechiLatin; hurumende yaida kumanikidza vanhu kushandisa Grazhdanka, arufabheti yeCyrillic. Kudhinda muarufabheti yechiLatin kwakarongwa kunze kwenyika, zvikurukuru muLithuania Minor; knygnešiai (chaizvoizvo: "vatengesi vemabhuku") vaizotakura zvinhu zvakadhindwa kuyambuka muganhu weGermany neRussia. Iyi yakanga iri imwe yenzira idzo "Aušra" yaizosvika nadzo vaverengi vayo. Imwe nzira yaiva mumamapepa akavharwa.