Rangarira ndima iri pasi apa uye ipapo pindura mubvunzo gare gare mumutauro mumwe chetewo sechikamu:  Kupfuura: Mvura yomugungwa ine alkaline zvishoma uye yaiva neavhareji yepH inenge 8.2 mumakore 300 emamiriyoni apfuura. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, mabasa evanhu akawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma carbon dioxide iri mumhepo; inenge 30-40% yeCO2 yakawedzerwa inotorwa nemakungwa, ichigadzira carbonic acid uye kudzikisa pH (ikozvino iri pasi pe8.1) kuburikidza nechiitiko chinonzi ocean acidification. pH inotarisirwa kusvika pa7.7 (inomiririra kuwedzera katatu mu hydrogen ion concentration) panosvika gore ra2100, chinova chinjo inokosha muzana remakore. Chimwe chinhu chinokosha pakuumbwa kwezvinhu zvomuviri mumhuka dzomugungwa i calcium, asi calcium carbonate inova inosungunuka zvikuru nokudzvinyirira, saka magamba ecarbonate nemiviri zvinonyunguduka pasi pokudzikamisa kwayo. Calcium carbonate inoitawo soluble zvikuru pa pH yakaderera, saka acidification yegungwa ingangova nemigumisiro yakadzika pazvisikwa zvomugungwa zvine matehwe ane matehwe, zvakadai semashiripiti, shrimps, sea urchins, uye corals, nokuti kukwanisa kwavo kuumba matehwe kuchaderedzwa, uye kudzika kwekubhadhara kwe carbonate kuchakwira pedyo nepasi pegungwa. Zvinhu zvipenyu zvinonzi planktonic zvinokanganiswa izvi zvinosanganisira zvipukanana zvakaita sezvipembenene zvinonzi pteropods, uye algae ine sero rimwe chete inonzi coccolithophorids uye foraminifera. Zvose izvozvi zvikamu zvinokosha zvetambo yezvokudya uye kuderera kwenhamba yazvo kuchava nemigumisiro inokosha. Munzvimbo dzinopisa, makorari angangokanganiswa zvakanyanya sezvo zvichinyanya kuoma kuvaka mapfupa awo ecalcium carbonate, izvo zvinokanganisa vamwe vagari vematombo. Mwero uripo iye zvino wekuchinja kwemakemikari egungwa unoratidzika kunge usina kumbobvira waitika munhoroondo yeGeological yePasi, zvichiita kuti zvive zvisina kujeka kuti zvipenyu zvegungwa zvichakwanisa sei kuchinjika nemamiriro ezvinhu ari kuchinja munguva pfupi iri kutevera. Chinonyanya kunetsa nzira iyo kubatanidzwa kwokudzvinyirira pamwe nezvinotarisirwa kuti zvichawedzera zvinokonzera kushushikana kwokushisa kwakakwirira uye kuderera kwemwero weoxygen kuchapesvedzera makungwa.  Mubvunzo: PH yemvura yegungwa chii?
8.2 Zvikamu