Pedzisa mutsara unotevera: Muma 1580, kurwisana kwaiitika muNetherlands kwakaita kuti England irwe neSpain, zvichiwedzera kutyisidzira kufamba nengarava kweSpain. Nhamburiko yokuderedza tyisidziro iyi yakatungamirira kunhamburiko ine ngwavaira yokupinda muEngland muna 1588, zvisinei, ngwavaira ye
Armada yeEngland gore rakatevera rakakwanisa kudzorera mwero pakati pevarwi. Kukundwa muna 1588 kwakatungamirira kukuvandudzwa kwemabasa engarava. Mauto omugungwa panguva iyi akanga asiri basa rimwe chete asi aiumbwa nezvikepe zvakasiyana-siyana, zvaiumbwa zvikurukuru nevatengesi vane zvombo vaiperekedzwa nengarava dzoumambo. Kukundikana kweArmada kwakaratidza kuchinja kukuru muhondo dzomugungwa, umo pfuti dzaiva dzinokosha zvikuru kupfuura kurova uye kupinda mungarava uye nokudaro ngarava dzeSpain dzakanga dzakashongedzerwa nepfuti dzomugungwa dzakagadzirirwa chinangwa. Mumakore okuma1590, kuwedzera kwezvikepe izvi kwakabvumira kuwedzera kukuru mukutengeserana kwemhiri kwemakungwa uye kuwedzera kukuru mukutengeswa kwezvinhu zvoumbozha nesirivha. Kunyange zvakadaro, dziviriro dzechikepe dzisina kukwana dzakabvumira simba reAnglo-Dutch kupamba Cadiz muna 1596, uye kunyange zvazvo rakanga risina kubudirira muchinangwa charo chokutora sirivha kubva mumotokari yaingodzoka, rakakwanisa kukuvadza zvikuru guta racho. Kudzivirirwa kwechiteshi chengarava paCádiz kwakagadziridzwa uye kuedza kwose kwokudzokorora kurwisa mumazana emakore akatevera kwaizokundikana.