Rangarira ndima iri pasi apa uye ipapo pindura mubvunzo gare gare mumutauro mumwe chetewo sechikamu:  Passage: Optical theory yakafambira mberi pakati pezana ramakore rechi 17 nemagwaro akanyorwa nemuzivi René Descartes, uyo akatsanangura zviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana zvemaziso zvinosanganisira kufungidzira uye kuputsika nokufungidzira kuti chiedza chaibudiswa nezvinhu zvacho. Ikoku kwakanga kwakasiana zvikuru nedzidziso yekubudisa yechiGiriki yekare. Mukupera kwema1660 uye kutanga kwema1670, Isaac Newton akawedzera pfungwa dzaDescartes kupinda mucorpuscle theory yechiedza, achiziva kuti chiedza chena chakanga chiri musanganiswa wemavara anogona kupatsanurwa muzvikamu zvayo ne prism. Muna 1690, Christiaan Huygens akakarakadza dzidziso yemafungu echiedza yakavakirwa pazvikarakadzo zvakanga zvaitwa naRobert Hooke muna 1664. Hooke pachake akatsoropodza pachena dzidziso dzaNewton dzechiedza uye kupopotedzana pakati pevaviri vacho kwakaramba kuripo kusvikira pakufa kwaHooke. Muna 1704, Newton akabudisa bhuku rinonzi Opticks uye, panguva iyoyo, zvimwe nemhaka yokubudirira kwake mune dzimwe ndima dzefizikisi, aionekwa somunhu akakunda munharo pamusoro pechimiro chechiedza. Muedzo waYoung wakakurumbira wokupatsanura kaviri wakaratidza kuti chiedza chakatevera mutemo wokupatsanura, unova mugariro wakafanana nemasaisai usingafanotaurwi nedzidziso yaNewton yecorpuscle. Basa iri rakaita kuti pave nedzidziso yokutsauka kwechiedza uye rakazarura nzvimbo yose yokudzidza nezvezvinhu zvinooneka. Wave optics yakabudirira kubatanidzwa ne electromagnetic theory naJames Clerk Maxwell mumakore ekuma1860. Kufambira mberi kwakatevera mu optical theory kwakauya muna 1899 apo Max Planck nenzira yakarurama akaenzanisa blackbody radiation nokufungidzira kuti kuchinjana kwesimba pakati pechiedza nenyaya kunongoitika chete muzvikamu zvakasiyana zvaakadana kuti quanta. Muna 1905, Albert Einstein akabudisa dzidziso yechinhu chinonzi photoelectric effect iyo yakasimbisa zvakasimba kuti chiedza pachacho chinogona kuverengwa. Muna 1913, Niels Bohr akaratidza kuti maatomu aigona kungobudisa simba risingaverengeki, nokudaro achitsanangura mitsetse isingaverengeki inoonekwa...  Mubvunzo: Chii chinogona kushandiswa kuparadzanisa mavara kubva muchiedza chena?
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