Rangarira ndima iri pasi apa uye ipapo pindura mubvunzo gare gare mumutauro mumwe chetewo sechikamu:  Passage: Maritime republics akanga ari maguta-hurumende - muenzani weMediterranean wamaguta eHanse okuchamhembe kweEurope. Kazhinji dzaiva nyika dzakazvimirira uye dzaiva dzakasununguka, kunyange zvazvo dzakawanda dzacho dzakabva munharaunda dzaimbova dzeUmambo hweByzantium (kunze kweGenoa nePisa). Munguva yokuzvitonga kwavo, maguta aya ose akanga ane gadziriro dzakafanana (kunyange zvazvo dzisina kufanana) dzehurumende, umo boka revatengesi raiva nesimba guru.  Mubvunzo: Zvizhinji zvenharaunda idzi zvaiwanzotongwa naani?
Umambo hweByzantium