Pedzisa mutsara unotevera: Pakati pezana remakore rechi11 (apo ngarava dzeGenoa dzakatamba basa guru muhondo yokutanga, dzichitakura varwi nemauto kuMiddle-East nokuda kwemari) uye zana remakore rechi15, Republic of Genoa yakawana budiriro inoshamisa yezvematongerwe enyika neyokutengeserana (kunyanya kutengeserana kwezvinonhuwira neOrient). Yakanga iri imwe yenyika dzine simba zvikurusa dzomugungwa muMediterranean kubva muzana ramakore rechi 12 kusvikira kune rechi 14: pashure pokukunda kunokosha mu
Muhondo yeMeloria (1284), yakawana kutonga pamusoro peGungwa reTyrrhenian uye yakanga iripo munzvimbo dzemasimba masimba munguva yekupedzisira yeByzantine empire, ine makoloni kusvika kuGungwa Dema neCrimea.