Biosphere ndiyo chikamu chepasi redu chekunze - kusanganisira ivhu, matombo epamusoro, mvura, mhepo uye mhepo - umo hupenyu hunoitika, uye hunochinja kana kushandura maitiro ehupenyu. Kubva pane yakakura geophysiological maonero, iyo biosphere ndiyo yepasi rose ecological system inosanganisa zvipenyu zvese nehukama hwavo, kusanganisira kudyidzana kwavo nezvinhu zve lithosphere (matombo), hydrosphere (mvura), uye mhepo (mhepo). Pasi rese rine anopfuura 75 bhiriyoni matani (150 trillion mapaundi kana anenge 6.8 × 1013 makirogiramu) ehupenyu (hupenyu), iyo inogara mukati mezvakasiyana nharaunda mukati me biosphere. Anopfuura mapfumbamwe-egumi ehuwandu hwehupenyu hwepasi pano hupenyu hwezvirimwa, hunoenderana zvakanyanya nehupenyu hwemhuka kuti huvepo. Zvinopfuura mamirioni maviri emarudzi ehupenyu hwezvirimwa nemhuka zvakazivikanwa kusvika parizvino, uye huwandu hwehupenyu huripo hunoramba huchiderera kubva pamamirioni anopfuura makumi mashanu emamiriyoni. Mubvunzo: Chii chinoita kuti huwandu hwemarudzi aripo
ivhu, matombo epamusoro, mvura, mhepo uye mhepo