Ramba uchinyora ndima iyi - Gardner akaenda naJames Madison kuPhiladelphia muna 1780, uko Madison akanga achishanda muContinental Congress
. Madison akanga asina mari yakawanda muna 1782, asi aida kuwana mabhuku ouzivi, kubatanidza Thomas Hobbes's "Leviathan". Mukuedza kuwana aya mabhuku, iye akarangarira kutengesa Gardner kuti aripire nokuda kwawo. Mitemo muPennsylvania ingadai yakaita kuti ikoku kuve kusingabviri. Gore iroro, Gardner akaedzawo kutiza asi akazosungwa.