Rangarira ndima iri pasi apa uye ipapo pindura mubvunzo gare gare mumutauro mumwe chetewo sechikamu:  Passage: Pfungwa ye virtual memory yakatanga kugadzirwa neGerman physicist Fritz-Rudolf Güntsch paTechnische Universität Berlin muna 1956 mune yake yekupedza kudzidza, Logical Design yeDhijitari Komputa ine Multiple Asynchronous Rotating Drums uye Automatic High Speed Memory Operation; yakatsanangura muchina une 6 100-izwi mabhuroko ekutanga core memory uye kero nzvimbo ye1,000 100-izwi mabhuroko, iine Hardware inongoerekana ichifambisa mabhuroko pakati pekutanga ndangariro uye yechipiri dhiramu ndangariro. Paging yakatanga kushandiswa paYunivhesiti yeManchester senzira yekuwedzera ndangariro dzekushanda dzeAtlas Computer nekubatanidza mazwi ayo 16.384 echirangaridzo chekutanga nemamwe mazwi 98.304 echirangaridzo chechipiri. Atlas yokutanga yakapiwa basa muna 1962 asi mienzaniso inoshanda yokutumira tsamba yakanga yagadzirwa na 1959. Muna 1961, Burroughs Corporation yakazvimiririra yakaburitsa komputa yekutanga yekutengesa ine ndangariro chaiyo, iyo B5000, ine chikamu panzvimbo pekutsvaga. Pamberi pechirangaridzo chaicho chaigona kuitiswa mumasisitimu makuru anoshanda, matambudziko mazhinji aifanira kugadziriswa. Dynamic kero shanduro zvaida anodhura uye zvakaoma-kuvaka specialized Hardware; kwokutanga Implementations kunonoka kuwana kuyeuka zvishoma. Pakanga pane kunetsekana kuti zvitsva zvehurongwa-hwakakura zvigadziriso zvinoshandisa kuchengetedza kwechipiri zvaizova zvisingabatsiri kupfuura zvigadziriso zvekushandisa-zvakananga zvakashandiswa kare. Pakazosvika 1969, gakava pamusoro pechirangaridzo chechokwadi chemakombiyuta ezvokutengeserana rakanga rapera; boka rokutsvakurudza reIBM rakatungamirirwa naDavid Sayre rakaratidza kuti chirongwa chavo chekuyeuka chiyeuchidzo chakanaka chakashanda nguva dzose zviri nani pane zvakanakisisa zvinodzorwa nemaoko. Mumakore ose 1970s, ari IBM 370 dzakatevedzana vachimhanya kwavo rakapotsa-kuchengetwa kwakavakirwa uchishandisa hurongwa akapa nzira kuti mabhizimisi vanoshandisa kutama vakawanda vakwegura hurongwa kupinda vashoma, zvikuru simba, mainframes kuti vakanga nani mutengo / unongotaura. Kombiyuta duku yokutanga kuunza chiyeuchidzo chechokwadi yaiva yeNorway NORD-1; mukati mema1970, mamwe makombiyuta maduku akaisa chiyeuchidzo chechokwadi, zvikurukuru mienzaniso yeVAX inoshandisa VMS.  Mubvunzo: Minicomputer dzaishandisa ndangariro yorudzii?
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