Rangarira ndima iri pasi apa uye ipapo pindura mubvunzo gare gare mumutauro mumwe chetewo sechikamu:  Passage: Nokugadzirwa kwechinokurumidzisa zvinhu zvinoputika mukati mehafu yokutanga yezana ramakore rechimakumi maviri, nyanzvi dzefizikisi dzakatanga kunzvera zvakadzama muzvivako zvezvinhu zvinoputika zveatomu. Muedzo wokutanga wakabudirira wokumhanyisa maerekitironi uchishandisa induction yemagetsi wakaitwa muna 1942 naDonald Kerst. Betatron yake yokutanga yakasvika masimba e2.3 MeV, nepo betatron dzakazotevera dzakasvika 300 MeV. Muna 1947, synchrotron radiation yakawanikwa ne70 MeV electron synchrotron paGeneral Electric. Iyi mwaranzi yakakonzerwa nokumhanyisa kwemaerekitironi nomumunda wemagineti sezvaaifamba pedyo nokumhanya kwechiedza.  Mubvunzo: Mubereko wokutanga waDonald Kerst wakasvika padanho ripi?
2.3 MeV