Rangarira ndima iri pasi apa uye ipapo pindura mubvunzo gare gare mumutauro mumwe chetewo sechikamu:  Passage: Kupera kweaizi yeKibo kuripo nemhaka yokuti Kilimanjaro igomo guru, rakapatsanurwa zvishoma rinokwira pamusoro pemutsetse wechando. Girazi racho rinopatsanuka uye kumucheto rinopatsanuka kuva mazaya echando. Chikamu chepakati chechando chacho chinovhiringidzwa nokuvapo kwedutu reKibo. Makomo echando ari pamusoro pemakomo aya haaratidzi kufamba kwakanyatsojeka nokuti ukobvu hwawo hwakaderera hunoita kuti pave nekushanduka-shanduka kukuru. Uchapupu hwezvakaitika pasi pano hunoratidza kuti pakava nezvikamu zvishanu zvechando zvakatevedzana munguva yeQuaternary, zvinoti First (500,000 BP), Second (greater than 360,000 years ago to 240,000 BP), Third (150,000 to 120,000 BP), Fourth (also known as "Main") (20,000 to 17,000 BP), uye Little (16,000 to 14,000 BP). Yechitatu ingangove yaive yakakura kwazvo, uye Diki rinoratidzika kunge risingazivikanwe nenhamba kubva kuChitatu. Icho chando chakaramba chichifukidza anenge makiromita mazana mana emamirimita (150 sq mi) kusvika pakukwirira kwemamita mazana matatu nemazana maviri (10,500 ft) akafukidza Kilimanjaro panguva yekupedzisira Glacial Maximum muPleistocene nguva (iyo Main glacial episode), ichipfuura pamusoro peKibo neMawenzi. Nemhaka yemamiriro ekunze akaoma kwenguva yakareba panguva yeYounger Dryas, nzvimbo dzomumvura yechando paKilimanjaro dzingave dzakapera makore anenge 11 500 BP. Mazaya echando akatorwa muKilimanjaro's Northern Ice Field (NIF) anoratidza kuti mazaya echando aripo ane makore anenge 11 700, kunyange zvazvo kuongororwa kwechando kwakatorwa muna 2011 kubva kumawere akatwasuka muNIF kunotsigira zera rinongosvika makore 800 BP. Mwero wokunaya kwemvura wakanga wakakura zvikuru pakutanga kwenguva yeHolocene (makore 11 500 BP) wakaita kuti chando chivandudzwe. Matombo echando akapona pakaoma mvura zvikuru mukati menguva yemazana matatu amakore kutanga munenge muna 4,000 BP.  Mubvunzo: Makore echando akatorwa muKilimanjaro Northern Ice Fields akareba sei?
Makore 11 700