VaSumeri vekare vaidavira kuti Mars aiva Nergal, mwari wehondo nedenda. Munguva yevaSumeri, Nergal aiva mwari muduku asinganyanyi kukosha, asi, munguva dzakazotevera, nzvimbo yake huru yekunamata yaiva guta reNinevhe. Muzvinyorwa zveMesopotamia, Mars inonzi "nyeredzi yekutonga kwevakafa". Kuvapo kweMars sechinhu chinodzungaira mudenga rehusiku kwakanyorwa nevaIjipita vekare uye, na1534 BCE, ivo vaiziva nezvekufamba kwepasi. Pakazosvika nguva yeNeo-Babylonian Empire, vazivi venyeredzi veBabylonia vaive vachiita zvinyorwa zvenguva dzose zvepanyika uye kuongorora kwakarongeka kwehunhu hwavo. Nokuti Mars, vaiziva kuti nyika yakaita makumi matatu nenomwe nematanhatu, makumi mana nemaviri nguva dzezodiac, makore ese makumi manomwe nemapfumbamwe. Vakagadzira nzira dzekunamatira dzaive guta reNinevhe. Muzvinyorwa zveMesopotamia, Mars inonzi "nyeredzi yekutonga kutonga kwevakafa".
Makore 1672