Pedzisa mutsara unotevera: Pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi 19 mapoka akasiyana-siyana ari mumunda upi noupi akabatanidzwa pakarepo kuvatungamiriri vawo kupfurikidza nokugadzirwa nokugadzirwa kukuru kweredhiyo. Pakutanga nhepfenyuro yacho yaigona kungoparadzira matoni, naizvozvo mashoko akatumirwa kupfurikidza neMorse code. Nhepfenyuro dzomumunda dzokutanga dzinoshandiswa neUnited States Army dzakaona chiito muSpanish-American War (1898) uye
Kumukira kwePhilippine (1899<unk>1902). Panguva imwe cheteyo sezvo maredhiyo akaiswa, runhare rwomumunda rwakagadzirwa ndokuitwa kuti ruve runobetsera mune zvokutengeserana. Ikoku kwakaparira unyanzvi hutsva hwomubato wechiratidzo kukudziridzwa: murindiri womutsetse.