Rangarira ndima iri pasi apa uye ipapo pindura mubvunzo gare gare mumutauro mumwe chetewo sechikamu:  Passage: Mu atomic theory uye quantum mechanics, atomic orbital ibasa remasvomhu rinorondedzera mafambiro akaita semafungu eimwe electron kana maviri ema electron muatomu. Basa iri rinogona kushandiswa kuverenga mukana wokuwana elektroni ipi neipi yeatomu munharaunda ipi neipi yakapoteredza nyukireya yeatomu. Izwi rokuti atomic orbital rinogonawo kureva nzvimbo kana nzvimbo iyo electron inogona kuverengwa kuti iripo, sezvinotsanangurwa nechimwe chimiro chemasvomhu che orbital. Imwe orbital muatomu inoratidzirwa neseti yakasarudzika yemitengo yenhamba n n, l, uye m, izvo zvinoenderana nesimba re electron, angular momentum, uye angular momentum vector chikamu (magnetic quantum nhamba). Imwe neimwe yeaya orbital inogona kubatwa neanopfuura maerekitironi maviri, imwe neimwe iine yayo spin quantum nhamba s. Mazita akareruka s orbital, p orbital, d orbital uye f orbital anoreva ma orbital ane angular momentum quantum nhamba l = 0, 1, 2 uye 3 zvichiteerana. Mazita aya, pamwe chete nemutengo we n, anoshandiswa kurondedzera magadzirirwo emaerekitironi emaatomu. Izvo zvinobva mukurondedzerwa nevekutanga spectroscopists yeimwe nhevedzano yealkali simbi spectroscopic mitsara seyakapinza, huru, yakapararira, uye yakakosha. Maorbitals e l > 3 anoenderera mberi nearufabheti, achisiya j (g, h, i, k,...) nokuti mimwe mitauro haisi kusiyanisa pakati pemabhii "i" uye "j". Maorbitals eatomu ndiwo mabhuroko ekuvaka eatomu orbital model (inozivikanwawo seye electron cloud kana wave mechanics model), chimiro chemazuva ano chekuona maitiro e submicroscopic ema electron mune nyaya. Mumuenzaniso uyu gore reelektroni reatomu rine maerekitironi akawanda rinogona kuonekwa seriri kuvakwa (mukufungidzira) mumagadzirirwo emaerekitironi ayo ari chigadzirwa chehydrogen yakafanana neatomic orbitals. Kudzokorora kwoupenyu hwezvinhu zve 2, 6, 10, uye 14 mukati mezvikamu zveperiodic table kunomuka nenzira yomuzvarirwo kubva kunhamba yose yamaerekitironi ayo anotora muunganidzwa wakakwana we...  Mubvunzo: Dzidziso yeatomu inobatsira kuwana maerekitironi akapoteredza chii?
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