Rangarira ndima iri pasi apa uye ipapo pindura mubvunzo gare gare mumutauro mumwe chetewo sechikamu:  Passage: Dzidziso yemitambo yakashandiswa nenzira dzinoverengeka muuzivi. Achipindura mapepa maviri aW.V.O. Quine (1960, 1967), Lewis (1969) akashandisa dzidziso yemutambo kugadzira nhoroondo yefilosofi yegungano. Mukuita kudaro, akapa kuongorora kwokutanga kwezivo yakajairika uye akaishandisa mukuongorora kutamba mumitambo yekubatanidza. Mukuwedzera, iye akatanga kutaura kuti munhu anogona kunzwisisa revo mumashoko emitambo yokuratidzira. Iyi pfungwa yapashure yakateverwa navazivi vanoverengeka chifo chaLewis. Zvichitevera Lewis (1969) game-theoretic nhoroondo yemagungano, Edna Ullmann-Margalit (1977) naBicchieri (2006) vakagadzira dzidziso dzemitemo yemagariro evanhu vanoitsanangura seNash equilibria iyo inokonzerwa nekushandura mutambo wakavhenganiswa-chinangwa mumutambo wekubatanidza. Dzidziso yemutambo yakadenhawo vazivi kuti vafunge maererano neepistemology yekudyidzana: zvinorevei kuti mubatanidzwa uve nezvitendero zvakajairika kana ruzivo, uye ndezvipi zvinokonzerwa neruzivo urwu kune mhedzisiro yemagariro anobva mukudyidzana kwevamiriri. Vazivi vakashanda munharaunda iyi vanosanganisira Bicchieri (1989, 1993), Skyrms (1990), uye Stalnaker (1999). Muzvetsika, vamwe (kunyanya David Gauthier, Gregory Kavka, naJean Hampton) vanyori vakaedza kutevera chirongwa chaThomas Hobbes chokuwana tsika kubva mukuzvifarira. Sezvo mitambo yakafanana nedambudziko romusungwa ichiratidza kusawirirana kuri pachena pakati petsika nefariro yomunhu oga, kutsanangura kuti nei kubatana kuchidikanwa nefariro yomunhu oga chinhu chinokosha cheiri basa. Iyi nzira yakajairika chikamu cheiyo general social contract maonero mune zvematongerwo enyika uzivi (semuenzaniso, ona Gauthier (1986) uye Kavka (1986)).Vamwe vanyori vakaedza kushandisa shanduko yemitambo dzidziso kuitira kutsanangura kubuda kwehunhu hwevanhu nezvehunhu uye hunoenderana nehunhu hwemhuka. Vanyori ava vanotarisa mitambo inoverengeka kusanganisira dambudziko remusungwa, kuvhima mhembwe, uye mutambo wekutengeserana weNash sekupa tsananguro yekubuda kwemafungiro nezvehunhu (ona, semuenzaniso, Skyrms (1996, 2004) uye...  Mubvunzo: Vanyori ava vakaedza kushandisa dzidziso yorudzii somuenzaniso?
dzidziso yemutambo wekushanduka