Rangarira ndima iri pasi apa uye ipapo pindura mubvunzo gare gare mumutauro mumwe chetewo sechikamu:  Kupfuura: Maerekitironi anogona kutamira pakati pemapuraneti akasiyana nekubudiswa kana kutorwa kwemapotoni ane simba rinoenderana nemusiyano wezvingaitika. Dzimwe nzira dzokufambisa dzomumhepo dzinosanganisira kurwisana nezvikamu zviduku, zvakadai semaerekitironi, uye kushanda kwaAuger. Kuti apukunyuke maatomu, simba reelektroni rinofanira kuwedzerwa kupfuura simba raro rokusunga maatomu. Izvi zvinoitika, somuenzaniso, nechiedza chemagetsi, apo photon inopinda inodarika simba re ionization yeatomu inopedzwa ne electron. The orbital angular momentum ye electron inonzi quantized. Nemhaka yokuti elektroni ine mutoro, inobudisa simba remagineti rinotenderera rinopindirana nokukurumidzira kwokukurumidzira. Net magnetic moment yeatomu yakaenzana ne vector sum ye orbital uye spin magnetic moments yema electron ese uye nucleus. Nguva yemagineti yenyuchi ishoma kana ichienzaniswa neiyo yemagetsi. Magnetic moments ema electron anogara mu orbital imwe chete (anonzi, paired electrons) anodzikana. Chemical bond pakati pemaatomu inoitika semhedzisiro yemagetsi emagetsi, sezvinotsanangurwa nemitemo ye quantum mechanics. Zvisungo zvakasimba zvikuru zvinoumbwa nokugoverana kana kuti kutamisirwa kwemaerekitironi pakati pamaatomu, zvichibvumira kuumbwa kwemamorekuru. Mukati memorekuru, maerekitironi anofamba pasi pesimba renyuchi dzinoverengeka, uye anogara mumakemikari; sezvaanogona kugara mumakemikari eatomu mumaatomu ari oga. Chinhu chinokosha muzvimiro izvi zveamolecular kuvapo kwevaviri vemaerekitironi. Aya ndiwo maerekitironi ane spins dzakapesana, achibvumira kuti agare mumamolecular orbital imwe chete pasina kutyora mutemo waPauli wokuregererwa (zvakafanana nemaatomu). Maorbital akasiyana-siyana emamolecular ane kugoverwa kwakasiyana-siyana kwenzvimbo ye electron density. Somuenzaniso, muzviviri zvakabatanidzwa (kureva muzviviri izvo chaizvoizvo zvinobatanidza maatomu pamwe chete) maerekitironi anogona kuwanwa netarisiro hurusa muvhoriyamu duku zvikuru pakati penyuchi. Kusiyana neizvi, mune maerekitironi asina kubatana anogoverwa muuwandu hukuru hwakatenderedza nyukireya.  Mubvunzo: maerekitironi anogoverwa sei?
uwandu hukuru hwakatenderedza nyukireya