Rangarira ndima iri pasi apa uye ipapo pindura mubvunzo gare gare mumutauro mumwe chetewo sechikamu:  Kupfuura: Kune nzira dzakawanda dzokuongorora zvinhu zvipenyu dzinoshandiswa pakusarudza mashoko ezvakaitika. Kurongwa kweprotein kunogona kuzivikanwa nekuparadzwa kwaEdman, uko zvisaririra zveN-terminal zvinopedzwa nemvura kubva muketani imwe panguva, zvinobva, uye zvobva zvazivikanwa. Nzira dzinoshandiswa pakuongorora mashandiro emagetsi dzinogonawo kushandiswa. Nucleic acid sequence inogona kutsanangurwa uchishandisa gel electrophoresis uye capillary electrophoresis. Pakupedzisira, unhu hwema biopolymers aya hunogona kuyerwa uchishandisa mapenzura kana kuti maatomic-force microscopy. Dual polarization interferometry inogona kushandiswa kuyera shanduko dzekuumbwa kana kuzvimisikidza kwezvinhu izvi kana zvichikurudzirwa ne pH, tembiricha, ionic simba kana vamwe vanobatana.  Mubvunzo: Zvinhu zvipi zviviri zvinogona kuyera zvinhu zvema biopolymers?
mapenzura okuona kana kuti maatomic-force microscopy