Pedzisa mutsara unotevera: Pashure peGreat Schism, Roma yakaita nhamburiko dzakawanda dzokudzorera chiLatinity kuchechi yeSardinian, zvamatongerwe enyika uye nzanga, uye pakupedzisira kubatanidzazve chitsuwa chacho pasi pomutongi mumwe weKaturike, sezvakanga zvave zviri kumaodzanyemba ose eItaly, apo vaByzantine vakanga vadzingwa navaNorman veKaturike. Kunyange zita rokuti "Mutongi" rakanga riri chiyeuchidzo cheByzantine chechechi yechiGiriki nehurumende, munguva dzeukama hwakaoma pakati pemachechi okumabvazuva nokumadokero (
Kuurayiwa kwevaLatin, 1182, Kukombwa kweConstantinople (1204), Kutorwazve kweConstantinople, 1261).