Nyora kupfuurira kweiyi ndima - Mushure mekuparadzaniswa kukuru, Roma yakaita nhamburiko zhinji dzekudzorera chiLatinity kuchechi yeSardinian, zvematongerwo enyika uye nzanga, uye pakupedzisira kubatanidza chitsuwa pasi pemutongi mumwe weKaturike, sezvazvaive kumaodzanyemba kwese kweItari, apo maByzantine akange adzingwa neKaturike maNorman. Kunyange zita rokuremekedza rokuti "Mutongi" rakanga riri chiyeuchidzo cheByzantine chechechi yechiGiriki nehurumende, munguva dzeukama hwakakomba pakati pechechi dzokumabvazuva nedzokumavirira (Massacre of the Latins
, 1182, Kukombwa kweConstantinople (1204), Kutorwazve kweConstantinople, 1261).