Rangarira ndima iri pasi apa uye ipapo pindura mubvunzo gare gare mumutauro mumwe chetewo sechikamu:  Kupfuura: Mapuroteni anoumbwa nemamwe maamino acid achishandisa mashoko ari mumajini. Puroteni imwe neimwe ine amino acid yayo yakasiyana nedzimwe inonzi nucleotide sequence yejeni inonyora puroteni iyi. Genetic code iseti yema nucleotide matatu anonzi codons uye mubatanidzwa we nucleotide matatu unoratidza amino acid, somuenzaniso AUG (adenine-uracil-guanine) ndiyo code yemethionine. Nemhaka yokuti DNA ine ma nucleotide mana, nhamba yose yemakodhoni anobvira ndeye 64; naizvozvo, pane zvimwe zvisingakoshi mumutemo wechizvarwa, nemamwe amino acids anotsanangurwa nekodhoni inopfuura imwe. Majini akanyorwa muDNA anotanga kunyorwa muRNA (mRNA) nemapuroteni akadai seRNA polymerase. Zvizhinji zvezvipenyu zvinobva zvagadzirisa pre-mRNA (inozivikanwawo seyokutanga transcript) ichishandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzokuchinja kwePost-transcriptional kuti igadzire mRNA yakakura, iyo inoshandiswa se template yeprotein synthesis ne ribosome. Mumaprokaryotes mRNA inogona kushandiswa nokukurumidza painenge yaitwa, kana kuti inogona kusungwa neribosome pashure pokunge yaenda kure ne nucleoid. Kusiyana neizvi, eukaryotes inogadzira mRNA iri musero recell ndokubva yaipfuudza ichipfuura nepane nuclear membrane ichipinda mu cytoplasm, uko protein synthesis inozoitika. Chiyero cheprotein synthesis chakakwirira mu prokaryotes kupfuura eukaryotes uye inogona kusvika kusvika ku 20 amino acids pasekondi. Maitiro ekugadzira protein kubva mu mRNA template anozivikanwa sekushandurwa. MRNA inotakurwa mu ribosome uye inoverengwa ma nucleotide matatu panguva imwe chete nokuenzanisa codon imwe neimwe ne base pairing yayo anticodon iri pa transfer RNA molecule, iyo inotakura amino acid inoenderana ne codon yainoziva. Enzyme inonzi aminoacyl tRNA synthetase "inorodha" mamorekuru e tRNA nemaamino acids akakodzera. Polypeptide iri kukura inowanzonzi cheni iri kutanga. Mapuroteni anogara achigadzirwa kubva kuN-terminus kusvika kuC-terminus. Ukuru hweprotein yakaumbwa hunogona kuyerwa nenhamba yemaamino acids ainayo uye nehuremu hwayo hwemaoremu, uhwo hunova...  Mubvunzo: AUG rinomiririrei?
adenine-uracil-guanine