Rangarira ndima iri pasi apa uye ipapo pindura mubvunzo gare gare mumutauro mumwe chetewo sechikamu:  Passage: Sezvo kuwanda kwekutanga kwevakakunda vechiMuslim muNear East kwakaderera, uye muganhu wepakati-wenguva dzose pakati pemasimba maviri wakagadzwa, nzvimbo yakafara, isina kubvunzwa nevaByzantine kana maArabhu uye yakasununguka (inozivikanwa muchiArabic se al-Ḍawāḥī, "nyika dzekunze" uye muchiGiriki se τὰ <unk>κρα, ta akra, "miganhu") yakabuda muCilicia, pamwe nekumaodzanyemba kweTaurus neAnti-Taurus makomo emakomo, ichisiya Syria mumaoko evaMuslim neAnatolian plateau mumaoko eByzantine. Vose vari vaviri Emperor Heraclius naCaliph 'Umar (r. 634<unk>644) vakatevera zano rekuparadza mukati medunhu iri, vachiedza kurichinja kuita chipingamupinyi chinoshanda pakati penyika mbiri. Kunyange zvakadaro, maUmayyad achiri kufunga kudzvinyirirwa kwakazara kweByzantium sechinangwa chavo chekupedzisira. Kufunga kwavo kwaidzorwa nedzidziso yechiIslam, iyo yakaisa vaByzantine vasina kutenda muDār al-Ḥarb, "Imba yeHondo", iyo, mumashoko omudzidzi wechiIslam Hugh N. Kennedy, "vaMuslim vanofanira kurwisa pose pazvinobvira; panzvimbo porugare runovhiringidzwa nokurwisana kunongoitikawo, muitiro wenguva dzose wakaonekwa kuva kurwisana kunovhiringidzwa nokurwisana kunongoitikawo, kwechinguvana (hudna). Rugare rwechokwadi (ṣulḥ) rwaigona kuuya bedzi apo muvengi akagamuchira chiIslam kana kuti mugariro wokubatira. "Sevabati veSiria uye gare gare sa caliph, Muawiyah I (r. 661<unk>680) ndiye akanga ari mutyairi mukuru wevaMuslim vaida kurwisa Byzantium, kunyanya nokugadzira kwake ngarava, idzo dzakapikisa ngarava dzehondo dzeByzantium uye dzakapamba zvitsuwa nemhenderekedzo dzeByzantium. Kumisa kutambudzwa kweByzantine kubva mugungwa panguva yeArab-Byzantine Hondo, muna 649 Muawiyah akagadzira ngarava, yaive neMonophysitise Christian, Copt uye Jacobite maSyria maKristu vafambisi vengarava nemauto eMuslim. Izvi zvakaguma nokukurirwa kwehondo dzezvikepe dzeByzantium paHondo yeMasts muna 655, zvichiita kuti mvura yeMediterranean ivhurike. Kukundwa kunokatyamadza kwezvikepe zveumambo nehondo yechiduku yechiMuslim muHondo yeMasts muna 655 kwakanga kuchikosha zvikuru: kwakazarura Mediterranean, kusvikira panguva iyeyo "gungwa reRoma", kukupararira kwechiArab, uye kwakatanga mazana amakore...  Mubvunzo: Ndiani aiva mumwe waMadzimambo akaparadza nzvimbo muTaurus?
Mambo Heraclius