Rangarira ndima iri pasi apa uye ipapo pindura mubvunzo gare gare mumutauro mumwe chetewo sechikamu:  Kupfuura: Kushanduka-shanduka kwezvinhu zvipenyu kunoitika nokuchinja kwezvinhu zvinogarwa nhaka - unhu hunogarwa nhaka hwezvinhu zvipenyu. Muvanhu, somuenzaniso, ruvara rwemaziso chinhu chinogarwa nhaka uye munhu angagara nhaka "ruvara rwemaziso akasvibira" kubva kune mumwe wevabereki vake. Unhu hunogarwa nhaka hunodzorwa nemajini uye magene ose ari mugenomu rechinhu chipenyu (genetic material) anonzi genotype. Unhu hwose hunooneka hunoumba chimiro nemaitiro echinhu chipenyu hunonzi phenotype. Unhu uhwu hunobva pakubatana kunoita genotype yayo nemhoteredzo. Somuuyo, mativi mazhinji e phenotype yechimiro haagarwi nhaka. Somuenzaniso, ganda rakatsvuka rinobva pakubatana kwakaita genotype yomunhu nechiedza chezuva; nokudaro, kutsvuka hakupfuudzirwi kuvana vavanhu. Zvisinei, vamwe vanhu vanopisa zviri nyore kupfuura vamwe, nemhaka yemisiyano iri mumagene; muenzaniso unoshamisa ndewevanhu vane unhu hunogarwa nhaka hwealbinism, vasingambopisi zvachose uye vanonzwa zvikuru kupiswa nezuva. Unhu hunogarwa nhaka hunopfuudzwa kubva kuchizvarwa chimwe kuenda kune chinotevera kuburikidza neDNA, morekuru rinonyora mashoko ezvizvarwa. DNA inonzi biopolymer yakareba inoumbwa nemarudzi mana emabhesi. Kutevedzana kwemabase ari mumorekuru rimwe reDNA kunoratidza mashoko ari muzvibereko, nenzira yakafanana nokutevedzana kwetsamba dzinorondedzera mutongo. Sero risati rapatsanuka, DNA yacho inotevedzana, zvokuti masero maviri anoguma avapo achagara nhaka urongwa hweDNA. Zvikamu zveDNA molecule zvinotsanangura chinhu chimwe chete chinoshanda zvinonzi majini; majini akasiyana-siyana ane nhevedzano dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvikonzero. Mukati memasero, tambo refu dzeDNA dzinogadzira zvinhu zvakanyatsobatana zvinonzi makromosome. Nzvimbo chaiyo yepurogiramu yeDNA mukati me chromosome inozivikanwa se locus. Kana nhevedzano yeDNA iri panzvimbo yakasiyana-siyana pakati pevanhu, marudzi akasiyana-siyana enhevedzano iyi anonzi alleles. Kutevedzana kweDNA kunogona kuchinja kupfurikidza nokushanduka-shanduka, kuchibudisa maallele matsva. Kana mutation ikaitika mukati megene, allele itsva inogona kutapura vara iro...  Mubvunzo: Ndezvipi zvizvarwa zvinokanganiswa nenhaka yemigumisiro?
zvizvarwa zvinotevera