Rangarira ndima iri pasi apa uye ipapo pindura mubvunzo gare gare mumutauro mumwe chetewo sechikamu:  Passage: Muna 1986 akawana antiparallel exchange coupling pakati pe ferromagnetic layers yakaparadzaniswa ne non-ferromagnetic layer, uye muna 1988 akawana giant magnetoresistive effect (GMR). GMR yakawanwa panguva imwe chete uye yakazvimirira naAlbert Fert weUniversité de Paris Sud. Yakashandiswa zvikuru mumisoro yokurava yemadhisiki akaoma emazuva ano. Chimwe chishandiso chemhedzisiro yeGMR isiri-inoputika, magnetic random access memory.  Mubvunzo: Akawana GMR mugore ripi?
1988 Kuwana