Rangarira ndima iri pasi apa uye ipapo pindura mubvunzo gare gare mumutauro mumwe chetewo sechikamu:  Passage: Nheyo dzoUmambo hweBritain dzakaiswa apo England neScotland zvakanga zviri umambo hwakaparadzana. Muna 1496, Mambo Henry VII wokuEngland, pashure pokubudirira kweSpain nePortugal pakuongorora mhiri kwemakungwa, akapa John Cabot basa rokutungamirira rwendo rwokuwana nzira yokuenda kuAsia nomugungwa reNorth Atlantic. Cabot akafamba nechikepe muna 1497, makore mashanu pashure pokunge vokuEurope vawana America, asi akasvika pamhenderekedzo yeNewfoundland, uye, achifunga zvisiri izvo (saChristopher Columbus) kuti akanga asvika kuAsia, hapana kuedza kuvamba koloni. Cabot akatungamira rumwe rwendo kuenda kuAmerica gore rakatevera asi hapana chakanzwikwazve nezvengarava dzake zvakare. Hapana kumwe kuedza kwekugadzira makoloni eChirungu muAmerica kwakaitwa kusvika zvakanaka mukutonga kwaMambokadzi Elizabeth I, mukati memakumi emakore ekupedzisira ezana ramakore rechi16. Munguvayo, 1533 Statute in Restraint of Appeals yakanga yazivisa "kuti umambo uhwu hweEngland Umambo". Chinjo yePurotesitendi yakatevera yakachinja England neSpain yeKaturike kuva vavengi vasingachinjiki. Muna 1562, Chiremera cheEngland chakakurudzira vatengesi John Hawkins naFrancis Drake kuti vapinde mumisasa yokurwisa ngarava dzeSpanish nePortugal pamhenderekedzo yeWest Africa nechinangwa chokupinda mukutengeswa kwevaranda muAtlantic. Kuedza uku kwakarambwa uye gare gare, sezvo Hondo dzeAnglo-Spanish dzakasimbiswa, Elizabeth I akapa chikomborero chake kune kumwe kudenha kwevatengesi vezvikepe kuzviteshi zveSpain muAmerica uye ngarava dzaidzoka dzichiyambuka Atlantic, dzakatakura pfuma kubva kuNyika Itsva. Panguva imwe cheteyo, vanyori vane pesvedzero vakadai saRichard Hakluyt naJohn Dee (uyo akanga ari wokutanga kushandisa shoko rokuti "Umambo hweBritain") vakanga vachitanga kukurudzira kugadzwa kwoumambo hweEngland. Panguva iyi, Spain yakanga yava simba guru muAmerica uye yakanga ichitsvaka nzvimbo dziri muPacific Ocean, Portugal yakanga yavaka nzvimbo dzokutengeserana nenhare kubva kumhenderekedzo dzegungwa dzeAfrica neBrazil kusvika kuChina, uye France yakanga yatanga kugara munharaunda yeRwizi rweSaint Lawrence, iyo yakazova New France.  Mubvunzo: Chii chakanga chiri umambo hwakaparadzana pakagadzwa?
England neScotland