Rangarira ndima iri pasi apa uye ipapo pindura mubvunzo gare gare mumutauro mumwe chetewo sechikamu:  Kupfuura: Zvinhu zvose zvipenyu zvinogara zvichisangana nezvinhu zvisingagoni kuzvishandisa sezvokudya uye zvingava zvinokuvadza kana zvikaunganidzwa mumasero, sezvo zvisina basa rokugadzirisa zvinhu. Izvi zvinhu zvinogona kukuvadza zvinonzi xenobiotics. Xenobiotics dzakadai semishonga yokugadzira, uturu hwepanyama nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inodzingwa muchetura neboka re xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes. Muvanhu, izvi zvinosanganisira cytochrome P450 oxidases, UDP- glucuronosyltransferases, uye glutathione S- transferases. Iyi gadziriro yemaenzymes inoshanda mumatanho matatu okutanga kuoxidize xenobiotic (chikamu I) uye ipapo kubatanidza mapoka anogadziriswa mumvura pamorekuru (chikamu II). Xenobiotic yakashandurwa inogadziriswa mumvura inogona kupomberwa kunze kwemasero uye mumasero akawanda inogona kuwedzerwazve metabolized isati yabudiswa (chikamu III). Muzvinhu zvipenyu nemhoteredzo yazvo, maitiro aya anonyanya kukosha pakuita kuti utachiona huvhiringidze zvinhu zvinokuvadza uye pakugadzirisa ivhu rakasvibiswa uye mafuta anodonha. Zvizhinji zvezviito zvehutachiona izvi zvinogoveranwa nezvisikwa zvine masero akawanda, asi nemhaka yokusiyana-siyana kunoshamisa kwemarudzi ezvisikwa zviduku izvi zvinokwanisa kubata nemhando yakakura zvikuru ye xenobiotics kupfuura zvisikwa zvine masero akawanda, uye zvinogona kuparadza kunyange zvinoparadza zvinogara zvichikanganisa zvakadai semakemikari e organochloride compounds. Chinetso chakabatana nezvisikwa zvine aerobic kushushikana kweiyo oxidative. Pano, maitiro anosanganisira oxidative phosphorylation uye kuumbwa kwe disulfide zvisungo panguva yeprotein folding inogadzira reactive okisijeni marudzi akadai sehydrogen peroxide. Aya maoxidants anokuvadza anobviswa neantioxidant metabolites dzakadai se glutathione uye enzymes dzakadai se catalases uye peroxidases.  Mubvunzo: Izvi zvinoitika mumarudzi api ezvinhu zvipenyu?
vanhu