Rangarira ndima iri pasi apa uye ipapo pindura mubvunzo gare gare mumutauro mumwe chetewo sechikamu:  Passage: MaMiddle Ages ndeimwe yenguva huru nhatu muchirongwa chinogara kwenguva refu chokuongorora nhau dzeEurope: tsika yekare, kana kuti Antiquity; MaMiddle Ages; uye Nguva Yemazuva Ano. "Middle Ages" inotanga kuoneka muchiLatin muna 1469 se media tempestas kana kuti "mwaka wapakati". Mukushandiswa kwakare, kwakanga kune misiyano mizhinji, kubatanidza aevum yepakati, kana kuti "zera rapakati", yakatanga kunyorwa muna 1604, uye media saecula, kana kuti "zera rapakati", yakatanga kunyorwa muna 1625. Shoko rokuti "medieval" (kana kuti dzimwe nguva "mediaeval" kana kuti "mediæval"), rinoreva kuti rinoreva Nguva dzepakati nepakati, rinobva pashoko rokuti medium aevum. Vanyori veMiddle Ages vakakamura nhoroondo munguva dzakadai se"Nguva Nhanhatu" kana kuti "Madzimambo Mana", uye vakafunga kuti nguva yavo ndiyo yokupedzisira nyika isati yaguma. Pakureva nezvenguva yavo vamene, vakataura nezvayo seiri "yomuzuva razvino uno". Muma1330s, munhu uye mudetembi Petrarch akataura nezvenguva dzakatangira chiKristu se antiqua (kana kuti "yekare") uye munguva yechiKristu se nova (kana kuti "itsva"). Leonardo Bruni akanga ari wezvenhau wokutanga kushandisa nguva nhatu mubhuku rake rinonzi History of the Florentine People (1442), ane nguva yepakati "pakati pokuwa kwoUmambo hweRoma nokumutsidzirwa kwoupenyu hweguta pane imwe nguva mukupera kwezana ramakore rechi11 nerechi12". Kuverengwa kwenhambo nhatu kwakava muitiro pashure pokunge munyori wenhau dzakaitika wechiGermany womuzana ramakore rechi 17 Christoph Cellarius akakamura nhau kuva nhambo nhatu: yekare, yepakati, uye yazvino. Kutanga kunonyanya kupiwa kweMiddle Ages kunenge kuri 500, negore ra 476 rakatanga kushandiswa naBruni. Nguva dzapashure dzokutanga dzimwe nguva dzinoshandiswa mumativi okunze kweEurope. Nokuda kweEurope yose zvayo, 1500 kazhinji kazhinji inorangarirwa kuva mugumo weMiddle Ages, asi hakuna musi wokuguma unobvumiranwa kwose kwose. Zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu, pane dzimwe nguva panoshandiswa zviitiko zvakadai sokukunda Constantinople kwakaitwa nevaTurkey muna 1453, rwendo rwokutanga rwaChristopher Columbus kuenda kuAmerica muna 1492, kana kuti Reformation yechiPurotesitendi muna 1517. Vanyori vezvakaitika kare vokuEngland vanowanzoshandisa Hondo yeBosworth Field muna 1485 kuratidza kuguma kwenguva yacho. Nokuda kweSpain, misi kazhinji kazhinji...  Mubvunzo: Petrarch akadana nguva dzapamberi pechiKristu kuti chii?
antiqua (kana kuti "chinyakare")