Kubva panguva iyoyo, mhando nhatu huru dzedzidzo dzakabudirira muUnited States: Ph.D. Clinical Science modhi (inotarisa zvakanyanya pakutsvakurudza), Ph.D. science-practitioner modhi (inobatanidza kutsvakurudza uye maitiro), uye Ph.D. psychologist-practitioner modhi (inotarisa maitiro emakiriniki). MuUnited Kingdom neRepublic of Ireland, Chiremba weClinical Psychology anowira pakati pemhando mbiri idzi huru, nepo muChiremba wepfungwa, chiremba wepfungwa uye chiremba wepfungwa (CBT), uye nyanzvi dzepfungwa dzinotanga kunyanya kudzidziswa muEurope, apo nyanzvi dzepfungwa dzinotanga kudzidziswa zvakanyanya padanho remhuri.
Muna 1896