Dee ihe ga-eso paragraf a - Mgbe a nọchibidoro Antwerp (1584<unk>1585)
, mpaghara ndịda nke Netherlands ("Flanders") nọgidere n'okpuru ọchịchị Spanish ma kewapụ onwe ha na Dutch Republic. Ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ ndị na-ese ihe gbara ọsọ agha okpukpe wee si na ndịda Netherlands kwaga na Dutch Republic (lee Dutch Golden Age painting), Flemish Baroque painting na-eme nke ọma, ọkachasị na ụlọ akwụkwọ Antwerp, n'oge narị afọ nke iri na asaa n'okpuru Rubens, Anthony van Dyck, na Jacob Jordaens.