Dee ihe ọzọ maka paragraf a - Ọchịchị ndị Carolingian na East Francia kwụsịrị na 911 mgbe nwa Arnulf, Eze Louis the Child, nwụrụ n'enweghị ndị nketa. Nkwụsị nke ikike etiti mere ka ike nke ndị isi duchies German dịkwuo ike. N'otu oge ahụ, ọwụwa anyanwụ Francia nọ n'ihe ize ndụ na-arịwanye elu site na mwakpo ndị Hungary, ọkachasị na Bavarian March nke Austria ("marchia orientalis") gafere osimiri Enns. N'afọ 907, e meriri ndị agha Luitpold, Margrave nke Bavaria n'agha a lụrụ na Pressburg
Ọ dị mma. E gburu Luitpold n'onwe ya n'agha ma nwa ya nwoke bụ Arnulf the Bad were aha ducal, wee bụrụ Duke mbụ nke Bavaria site na usoro Luitpolding. Otú ọ dị, ndị Hungary nọgidere na-ejide ndị Austria, ala Pannonian funahụrụ ha kpamkpam.