Dee ihe na-aga n'ihu maka paragraf a - Arct lụrụ ọgụ na ndị agha Poland ruo mgbe ọdịda Poland na mbido Agha Worldwa nke Abụọ. Ọ gbagara France ma jee ozi dị ka onye nkuzi ụgbọ elu na French Air Force na French North Africa. Mgbe France merisịrị na June 1940
, Arct gbagara na Great Britain wee bụrụ onye ọkwọ ụgbọ elu na mbido 1941, na-aga Royal Air Force (RAF) Operational Training Unit 61, wee sonye na No. 306 Polish Fighter Squadron (RAF) na Ọktọba 1941.