N'ihe dị ka afọ 1848, Évariste Galois, onye France na-arụ ọrụ na narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, na-agbatị ọrụ mbụ nke Paolo Ruffini na Joseph-Louis Lagrange, nyere ụkpụrụ maka solvability nke otu polynomial equation n'ihe gbasara otu symmetry nke mgbọrọgwụ ya (ngwọta). Ihe ndị dị na otu Galois kwekọrọ na ụfọdụ permutations nke mgbọrọgwụ. Na mbụ, ndị oge ya jụrụ echiche Galois, ma bipụtara naanị posthumously. Nkọwapụta nke ndị otu a nyochara nke ọma site n'aka C. Louis Cayley na usoro nke ndị otu, dabere na nhazi nke ihe karịrị ogo 4. N'ihe dị ka afọ 1888, Évariste Galois, onye France na-arụ ọrụ na narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, nyere ụkpụrụ maka solvability nke otu polynomial equation n'ihe gbasara otu symmetry nke mgbọrọgwụ ya (ngwọta). Ihe ndị dị na otu Galois kwekọrọ na ụfọdụ permutations nke mgbọrọgwụ.
mee ka ihe akaebe nke nhazi ọkwa a dị mfe