Biosphere shine ɓangaren ɓangaren duniya na waje - ciki har da ƙasa, duwatsu na ƙasa, ruwa, iska da yanayi - wanda rayuwa ke faruwa, kuma wanda tsarin rayuwa ya canza ko canzawa. Daga mafi girman ra'ayi na geophysiological, biosphere shine tsarin muhalli na duniya wanda ke haɗa dukkan rayayyun halittu da alaƙar su, gami da hulɗar su da abubuwan da ke cikin lithosphere (duwatsu), hydrosphere (ruwa), da kuma yanayi (iska). Dukan Duniya tana ƙunshe da tan biliyan 75 (tirilliyan 150 ko kimanin fam 6.8×1013 kilogram) na biomass (rayuwa), wanda ke rayuwa a cikin mahalli daban-daban a cikin biosphere. Fiye da kashi tara cikin goma na jimlar biomass a duniya shine rayuwar shuka, wanda ya dogara da rayuwar dabbobi don wanzuwarsa. An gano fiye da nau'in shuka da dabbobi miliyan 2 a halin yanzu, kuma adadin nau'in halittu da ke wanzuwa yana ci gaba da raguwa daga wasu nau'in halittu na yau da kullun zuwa sama da miliyan 50. Tambaya: Menene ya sa yawan nau'in halittu da ke
ƙasa, surface duwatsu, ruwa, iska da kuma yanayi