A shekara ta 332 BC, Alexander the Great ya ci Masar tare da ɗan juriya daga Farisawa kuma Masarawa sun yi maraba da shi a matsayin mai ceto. Gwamnatin da magajin Alexander ya kafa, Masarautar Ptolemaic ta Makidoniya, ta dogara ne akan tsarin Masar kuma an kafa ta a cikin sabon babban birnin Alexandria. Birnin ya nuna iko da martabar mulkin Hellenistic, kuma ya zama wurin zama na ilmantarwa da al'adu, wanda ya kasance a sanannen Laburaren Alexandria. Hasken wuta na Alexandria ya haskaka hanya ga jiragen ruwa da yawa waɗanda suka ci gaba da cinikayya ta hanyar birni <unk> kamar yadda Ptolemies suka yi kasuwanci da kamfanonin samar da kudaden shiga, irin su masana'antar papyrus, babban fifiko. Al'adun Hellenistic ba su maye gurbin al'adun Masar na asali ba, kamar yadda Ptolemies suka goyi bayan al'adun lokaci-lokaci a ƙoƙarin tabbatar da mutuncin jama'a. Sun gina temples masu banƙyama a Masar, suna da masarautar Macedonian, kuma sun dogara ga sabon tsarin mulkin Masar.
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