Daga cikin penguins na yanzu, manyan penguins a cikin yankuna masu sanyi, yayin da ƙananan penguins galibi ana samun su a cikin yanayi mai laushi ko ma yanayin zafi (duba kuma dokar Bergmann). Wasu nau'ikan prehistoric sun sami girman girma, suna zama masu tsayi ko nauyi kamar na mutum. Waɗannan ba a iyakance su ga yankunan Antarctic ba; akasin haka, yankunan subantarctic sun mallaki babban bambancin, kuma aƙalla penguin ɗaya ya faru a cikin yanki mai nisan kilomita 2,000 na kudancin, a cikin yanayin yaƙi. Tambaya: Ta yaya za a iya yin la'akari da penguin mai girma a yau a cikin yanayin zafi fiye da na sarki?
1.1 m (3 ƙafa 7 inci) tsawo