A cikin kayan lantarki, karuwa shine ma'auni na iyawar kewayon tashar tashar jiragen ruwa guda biyu (sau da yawa mai kara karfi) don kara iko ko amplitude na sigina daga shigarwa zuwa tashar fitarwa ta hanyar ƙara makamashi da aka canza daga wasu wutar lantarki zuwa siginar. An bayyana shi azaman matsakaicin rabo na siginar siginar ko iko a tashar fitarwa zuwa amplitude ko iko a tashar shigarwa. Ana bayyana shi sau da yawa ta amfani da raka'a logarithmic decibel (dB) ("dB gain"). A gain mafi girma fiye da ɗaya (mafi girma fiye da sifili dB), wato ƙarfafawa, shine ma'anar mallaka na wani ɓangaren aiki ko kewayon, yayin da karɓar karɓa mai karɓa zai sami karɓar karɓa na ƙasa da ɗaya.
"beta", yanayin yanayin Ic da aka raba da Ib a wani wuri na aiki