Sa'an nan kuma amsa tambaya a baya a cikin wannan harshe kamar yadda sashi: Passage: Mutations canza kwayar halittar kwayoyin halitta kuma wani lokacin wannan yana haifar da daban-daban phenotypes bayyana. Mafi yawan maye gurbi da kadan sakamako a kan kwayoyin halitta ta phenotype, kiwon lafiya, ko haifuwa fitness. Mutations cewa yi da wani sakamako ne yawanci detrimental, amma wani lokacin wasu na iya zama da amfani. Nazarin a cikin tashi Drosophila melanogaster bayar da shawarar cewa idan wani maye gurbi canje-canje a gina jiki samar da wani kwayar halitta, game da 70 bisa dari na wadannan maye gurbi zai zama cutarwa tare da sauran kasancewa ko dai tsaka tsaki ko rauni da amfani. Tambaya: Abin da ya bayyana daban-daban wani lokacin da maye gurbi faruwa?
ƙwayoyin halitta