Ka cika wannan jumla: Ƙungiyoyin addinin Musulunci da ake ɗaukansu 'yan ridda, kamar su Druze, Isma'ili, Alevis, da kuma Alawites, suna ƙasa da Yahudawa da Kiristoci. Ottomans sun tsananta wa Druze, kuma Ottomans sun dogara da hukuncin addini na Ibn Taymiyya don tabbatar da tsanantawarsu ga Druze. A shekara ta 1514, Sultan Selim I ya ba da umarnin kisan gillar 40,000 na Anatolian Alevis ("Qizilbash"), wanda ya yi la'akari da su a matsayin na biyar na daular Safavid. Selim kuma yana da alhakin fadada da ba a taɓa gani ba da kuma saurin Daular Ottoman zuwa Gabas ta Tsakiya, musamman ta hanyar
mamaye duka Mamluk Sultanate na Misira. Tare da waɗannan nasarorin, Selim ya ƙara ƙarfafa da'awar Ottoman don zama khalifanci na Islama, kodayake sultan Ottoman sun yi ikirarin taken khalifa tun daga ƙarni na 14 wanda ya fara da Murad I (ya yi sarauta daga 1362 zuwa 1389). Khalifanci zai kasance a hannun sultan Ottoman har zuwa lokacin da ofishin ya rage, wanda ya ƙare tare da soke shi a ranar 3 ga Maris, 1924 ta Babban Majalisar Dokokin Turkiyya da kuma gudun hijirar kalifa na karshe, Abdülmecid II, zuwa Faransa.