A shekara ta 656 an kashe Khalifan Rashidun wanda ya kai ga halakar Khalifanci.
yakin basasa na farko ("fitna"). Yaƙin ya ƙare a cikin 661 tare da Umayyads sun gaji Rashiduns a matsayin daular da ke mulkin masarautar. Sun ƙaura babban birnin masarautar daga Kufa zuwa Dimashƙu, inda suka sami goyon baya sosai daga ƙabilar. Muhimmancin addini na kusa da Urushalima da kuma gaskiyar cewa a Siriya, ba kamar Iraki da Masar ba, Larabawa da waɗanda ba Larabawa ba sun zauna tare na iya taka rawa.