Duba wurin da ke ƙasa sannan ka amsa tambayar daga baya a cikin harshe ɗaya kamar yadda wurin yake:  Passage: Gano tsarin tertiary na furotin, ko tsarin quaternary na hadaddun sa, na iya samar da mahimman bayanai game da yadda furotin ke aiwatar da aikin sa da kuma yadda za a iya shafar sa, watau a cikin ƙirar magani. Tun da yake sunadarai suna da ƙanƙanta da ba za a iya gani da na'urar gani da ido ba, dole ne a yi amfani da wasu hanyoyi don a san yadda suke. Hanyoyin gwaji na yau da kullun sun haɗa da X-ray crystallography da NMR spectroscopy, dukansu biyu na iya samar da bayanan tsari a ƙudurin atomatik. Koyaya, gwaje-gwajen NMR na iya samar da bayanai daga wanda za'a iya kimanta wani yanki na nesa tsakanin nau'i-nau'i na atoms, kuma ana iya ƙayyade abubuwan da suka dace na ƙarshe don furotin ta hanyar warware matsalar lissafin nesa. Dual polarization interferometry hanya ce ta nazari mai yawa don auna daidaitawar furotin gabaɗaya da canje-canje na daidaitawa saboda hulɗa ko wasu motsawa. Circular dichroism wani fasaha ne na dakin gwaje-gwaje don ƙayyade abun ciki na ciki na β-sheet / α-helical na sunadarai. Ana amfani da microscopy na Cryoelectron don samar da bayanan tsari mai ƙarancin ƙuduri game da manyan abubuwan gina jiki masu girma, gami da ƙwayoyin cuta da aka haɗa; wani bambance-bambancen da aka sani da electron crystallography na iya samar da bayanai masu ƙuduri a wasu lokuta, musamman don lu'ulu'u masu girma biyu na sunadarai na membrane. Ana warware tsarin da aka warware a cikin Bankin Bayanai na Protein (PDB), wadataccen wadataccen wadatacce wanda za'a iya samun bayanan tsari game da dubban sunadarai a cikin nau'ikan haɗin Cartesian ga kowane atom a cikin furotin. An san jerin kwayoyin halitta da yawa fiye da tsarin furotin. Bugu da ƙari, saitin tsarin da aka warware yana nuna son kai ga sunadarai waɗanda za a iya sauƙaƙe su ga yanayin da ake buƙata a cikin X-ray crystallography, ɗayan manyan hanyoyin ƙayyade tsarin. Musamman, sunadarai na globular suna da sauƙin sauƙaƙe a shirye-shiryen X-ray crystallography. Furotin membrane da manyan hadaddun furotin, akasin haka, suna da wahalar yin lu'ulu'u...  Tambaya: Mene ne bambancin da ake kira tat yana samar da bayanai masu mahimmanci a cikin Cryoelectron microscopy?
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