A cikin eukaryotes, akwai siffofin tsarin chromatin da ke tasiri kan kwafin kwayoyin halitta, sau da yawa a cikin nau'i na gyare-gyare ga DNA da chromatin da aka gada ta hanyar kwayoyin 'ya'ya. Wadannan siffofi ana kiransu "epigenetic" saboda suna wanzu "a saman" na jerin DNA kuma suna riƙe da gado daga ɗayan ƙwayoyin halitta zuwa na gaba. Saboda siffofin epigenetic, nau'ikan ƙwayoyin halitta daban-daban da aka girma a cikin matsakaici guda ɗaya na iya riƙe da kaddarorin daban-daban. Kodayake siffofin epigenetic galibi suna da kuzari a yayin ci gaba, wasu, kamar yanayin paramutation, suna da gado na ƙarni da yawa kuma suna da banbanci kaɗan ga ƙa'idar DNA a matsayin tushen gado. Tambaya: Waɗanne halaye ne nau'ikan ƙwayoyin halitta suke da su?
ƙwayoyin cuta