Kammala jumla mai zuwa: Faransanci ya haɗu da Cochinchina kuma ya kafa kariya a Kambodiya a cikin 1862 da 1863 bi da bi. Bayan Faransawa sun mamaye arewacin Vietnam ta hanyar yakin Tonkin, an haɗa masu karewa daban-daban a cikin ƙungiyar ɗaya a 1887. An haɗa wasu ƙungiyoyi biyu a cikin ƙungiyar: Laotian mai kariya da yankin Guangzhouwan na China. Faransawa sun yi amfani da albarkatun yankin a lokacin mulkin su, amma kuma sun ba da gudummawa ga inganta tsarin kiwon lafiya da ilimi a yankin. Duk da haka, bambanci mai zurfi ya kasance tsakanin 'yan asalin ƙasar da kuma mazauna, wanda ya kai ga tawayen da ba a saba gani ba na waɗanda suka yi tawaye. Bayan faduwar Faransa a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na II, gwamnatin Vichy ce ke gudanar da mulkin mallaka kuma tana ƙarƙashin mamayar Japan har zuwa Maris 1945, lokacin da Jafananci suka kifar da mulkin mallaka. Bayan Jafananci sun mika wuya, Viet Minh, kungiyar kwaminisanci karkashin jagorancin Hồ Chí Minh,
ya ayyana 'yancin kai na Vietnam, amma Faransa daga baya ta sake karɓar ikon Indochina na Faransa. An yi yakin neman 'yancin kai, wanda aka sani da War Indochina War, a ƙarshen 1946 tsakanin sojojin Faransa da Viet Minh.