Duba wurin da ke ƙasa sannan ka amsa tambayar daga baya a cikin harshe ɗaya kamar yadda wurin yake:  Passage: Masana kimiyyar lissafi suna kallon hasken rana tun lokacin da Isaac Newton ya fara amfani da prism mai sauki don lura da kaddarorin hasken haske. A farkon shekarun 1800s Joseph von Fraunhofer yayi amfani da kwarewarsa a matsayin mai yin gilashi don ƙirƙirar tsarkakakkun prisms, wanda ya ba shi damar lura da layuka 574 masu duhu a cikin bakan da yake ci gaba. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan wannan, ya haɗu da telescope da prism don lura da bakan Venus, Moon, Mars, da taurari daban-daban kamar Betelgeuse; Kamfaninsa ya ci gaba da kerawa da sayar da telescopes masu ƙyama masu inganci bisa ga ƙirar sa ta asali har zuwa rufewa a cikin 1884. An iyakance ƙudurin prism ta girmansa; babban prism zai samar da cikakken bayani, amma karuwar taro ya sa bai dace da aiki mai cikakken bayani ba. An warware wannan batun a farkon 1900s tare da haɓaka ingantattun ƙirar ƙirar ƙira ta JS Plaskett a Dominion Observatory a Ottawa, Kanada. Hasken da ke buga madubi zai nuna a kusurwar daidai, duk da haka ƙaramin ɓangaren hasken zai zama ya karye a wani kusurwa daban; wannan ya dogara da alamun karyewar kayan da tsayin igiyar ruwa na haske. Ta hanyar ƙirƙirar grating "blazed" wanda ke amfani da adadi mai yawa na madubai masu layi daya, ana iya mai da hankali da kuma ganin ƙaramin ɓangaren haske. Wadannan sababbin spectroscopes sun fi cikakkun bayanai fiye da prism, suna buƙatar ƙananan haske, kuma za a iya mayar da hankali a kan wani yanki na bakan ta hanyar karkatar da grating. Iyakancewa ga grating mai ƙonewa shine nisa na madubai, wanda kawai za'a iya ƙasa da iyakacin adadin kafin a mayar da hankali; iyakar ita ce kusan layi 1000 / mm. Don shawo kan wannan iyakancewa an haɓaka grating na holographic. Volume lokaci holographic grates amfani da wani bakin ciki fim na dichromated gelatin a kan wani gilashin surface, wanda aka daga baya fallasa zuwa wani kalaman zane halitta da wani interferometer. Wannan nau'i na raƙuman ruwa ya kafa nau'i na tunani mai kama da ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwa amma ta amfani da rarrabawar Bragg, wani tsari inda kusurwar tunani ya dogara...  Tambaya: Wanene ya ƙirƙiri tsarkakakkun prisms tare da gilashi
Yusufu von Fraunhofer