Duba wurin da ke ƙasa sannan ka amsa tambayar daga baya a cikin harshe ɗaya kamar yadda wurin yake:  Passage: Wasu enzymes ba sa buƙatar ƙarin abubuwan haɗin don nuna cikakken aiki. Sauran suna buƙatar ƙwayoyin da ba furotin ba da ake kira cofactors don a ɗaure su don aiki. Cofactors na iya zama ko dai inorganic (misali, ions na ƙarfe da baƙin ƙarfe-sulfur clusters) ko kwayoyin halitta (misali, flavin da heme). Waɗannan cofactors suna da dalilai da yawa; alal misali, ions na ƙarfe na iya taimakawa wajen daidaita nau'ikan nucleophilic a cikin wurin aiki. Organic cofactors na iya zama ko dai coenzymes, waɗanda aka saki daga wurin aiki na enzyme yayin aikin, ko ƙungiyoyin prosthetic, waɗanda ke da alaƙa da enzyme. Organic prosthetic kungiyoyin za a iya covalently daure (misali, biotin a enzymes kamar pyruvate carboxylase).An misali na wani enzyme cewa yana dauke da wani cofactor ne carbonic anhydrase, wanda aka nuna a cikin ribbon zane sama da wani zinc cofactor daure a matsayin wani ɓangare na aiki site. Wadannan ions ko kwayoyin da ke da alaƙa suna yawanci a cikin shafin aiki kuma suna da hannu a cikin catalysis. Misali, flavin da heme cofactors galibi suna da hannu cikin halayen redox. Enzymes da ke buƙatar cofactor amma ba su da ɗaure ɗaya ana kiransu apoenzymes ko apoproteins. Ana kiran enzyme tare da cofactor (s) da ake buƙata don aiki holoenzyme (ko haloenzyme). Hakanan ana iya amfani da kalmar holoenzyme ga enzymes waɗanda ke ƙunshe da ƙananan ƙananan furotin, kamar DNA polymerases; a nan holoenzyme shine cikakken hadaddun da ke ƙunshe da duk ƙananan abubuwan da ake buƙata don aiki.  Tambaya: Menene za a iya rarraba flavin da heme?
kwayoyin halitta