Ka kammala wannan magana: Halifa na uku Uthman ya jawo fushin Musulmai da suka yi zama a ƙasashen da ya ci, domin ya yi siyasa mai kawo rigima, wanda mutane da yawa suka ɗauka cewa yana son 'yan'uwansa ne kuma yana tsoma baki a al'amuran lardin. A shekara ta 656 'yan tawayen lardin suka kashe shi a Madina, babban birnin Khalifanci, bayan haka Ali, dan uwan da surukin Muhammadu, mutanen Madina da' yan tawayen suka amince da shi a matsayin halifa. A sakamakon haka
Yaƙin basasa na Islama na farko (656 <unk> 661), Mu'awiya ya yi adawa da Ali daga sansaninsa a Siriya, ya yi yaƙi da shi har ya kai ga rikici a Yaƙin Siffin a shekara ta 657. A watan Janairun 661 wani Kharijite (wani bangare da ke adawa da Ali da Mu'awiya) ya kashe Ali, bayan haka aka amince da dansa Hasan a matsayin magajinsa. A watan Agusta, Mu'awiya, wanda magoya bayansa a Siriya suka riga sun gane shi a matsayin halifa, ya jagoranci sojojinsa zuwa Kufa, babban birnin Hasan da Ali a Iraki, kuma ya sami iko a kan sauran Khalifanci ta hanyar kulla yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya da Hasan. Sharuɗɗan yarjejeniyar sun bayyana cewa Mu'awiya ba zai nada magaji ba. Kodayake yarjejeniyar ta kawo zaman lafiya na ɗan lokaci, ba a kafa tsarin maye gurbin ba.