An haifi Konrad Adenauer a matsayin na uku na 'ya'ya biyar na Johann Konrad Adenauer (1833<unk>1906) da matarsa Helene (née Scharfenberg; 1849<unk>1919) a Cologne, Rhenish Prussia, a ranar 5 ga Janairu, 1876. 'Yan uwansa sun kasance Agusta (1872<unk>1952), Johannes (1873<unk>1937), Lilli (1879<unk>1950) da Elisabeth, wanda ya mutu ba da daɗewa ba bayan haihuwarsa a c. 1880. Daya daga cikin tasirin da ya shafi Adenauer na matasa shi ne Kulturkampf, kwarewar da iyayensa suka danganta shi ya bar shi da rashin jin daɗi na rayuwa don "Prussianism", kuma ya jagoranci shi kamar sauran Katolika na Rhineland na karni na 19 don zurfafa zurfin Rhineland a cikin Rhineland.
Roman Katolika