Duba wurin da ke ƙasa sannan ka amsa tambayar daga baya a cikin harshe ɗaya kamar yadda wurin yake:  Passage: Nazarin fassarar kwatanci yana da nufin gina ƙwarewar kwatanci, don cika wani ɓangare na taswirar Holmes. Tunanin cewa ilimin kimiyya na iya amfani da shi ga kayayyakin al'adu ya samo asali ne daga 'yan Rasha a farkon shekarun karni na 20, kuma wasu masu bincike sun sake dawo da su a cikin Littattafai na Kwatantawa. Yanzu an yi amfani da shi a fassarar adabi. Wani ɓangare na wannan aikace-aikacen shine ka'idar polysystems (Even-Zohar 1990) wanda a cikinsa ake ganin adabin da aka fassara a matsayin ƙaramin tsarin tsarin adabi mai karɓa ko manufa. Gideon Toury ya kafa ka'idarsa a kan bukatar yin la'akari da fassarar "gaskiyar al'adun manufa" don dalilai na bincike. An kuma haɓaka ra'ayoyin "manipulation" da "magoya baya" dangane da fassarar adabi.  Tambaya: Menene aka fassara?
ka'idar polysystems