Duba wurin da ke ƙasa sannan ka amsa tambayar daga baya a cikin harshe ɗaya kamar yadda wurin yake:  Passage: A cikin 1986 ya gano haɗin musayar musayar antiparallel tsakanin yadudduka na ferromagnetic da aka raba ta da wani siririn ba-ferromagnetic ba, kuma a cikin 1988 ya gano tasirin magnetoresistive mai girma (GMR). GMR an gano shi lokaci guda kuma mai zaman kansa ta Albert Fert daga Université de Paris Sud. An yi amfani da shi sosai a cikin karanta shugabannin na zamani wuya tafiyarwa. Wani aikace-aikacen tasirin GMR shine ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya mara amfani, ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya.  Tambaya: A wace shekara ne ya gano GMR?
Shekarar 1988