A lokacin zamanin Romawa, ra'ayi na zane-zane guda bakwai ya samo asali, wanda ya haɗa da harshe, maganganu da kuma ma'ana (trivium), tare da lissafi, lissafi, astronomy da kuma kiɗa (quadrivium). Wadannan batutuwa sun kasance mafi yawan ilimin ilimin zamani na tsakiya, tare da girmamawa ga bil'adama a matsayin basira ko "hanyar yin aiki". Tambaya: Menene batutuwa suka jaddada?
ilimin ɗan adam a matsayin ƙwarewa ko "hanyoyin aiki"