Kammala jumla mai zuwa: Khalifancin Umayyad (661<unk>750 CE;, ; ) shi ne na biyu daga cikin manyan masarautu huɗu da aka kafa bayan mutuwar Muhammadu. Gidan daular Umayyad (, "al-ʾUmawīyūn", ko, "Banū ʾUmayyah", " 'Ya'yan Umayyah") ne ke mulkin masarautar. Khalifa na uku na Khalifancin Rashidun, Uthman ibn Affan (r. 644<unk>656), shi ma memba ne na dangin Umayyad. Iyalin sun kafa daular, mulkin gado tare da Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan, gwamnan al-Sham na dogon lokaci (Babban Siriya), wanda ya zama halifa na shida bayan ƙarshen
Fitna ta farko a shekara ta 661. Bayan mutuwar Mu'awiyah a shekara ta 680, rikice-rikice game da gadon sarauta ya haifar da Fitna ta biyu, kuma daga baya ikon ya fada hannun Marwan I daga wani reshe na dangin. Yankin Siriya ya kasance babban tushen ikon Umayyads daga baya, kuma Damascus babban birninsu ne.