Rubuta ci gaba don wannan sakin layi - An yi la'akari da babban jigon abubuwan da ke haifar da hakan sun haɗa da ayyukan cocin Roman-Catholic da tasirin al'adu da manyan biranen (Vilna, Kovno) suka yi a kan waɗannan ƙasashe, ayyukan gundumar ilimi ta Vilna a cikin karni na 19<unk>1820s, ayyukan ayyukan karamar hukumar, har yanzu ana sarrafa ta ta yankin Poland ko kuma ta riga ta Polonized har zuwa tashin hankali na Janairu na 1863<unk>1864
, asirin (Polish) makarantu a rabi na biyu na karni na sha tara zuwa farkon karni na 20 ("tajne komplety") da kuma tasirin mallakar ƙasa.