Ana amfani da kwayoyin halitta a matsayin tushen makamashi ta hanyar organotrophs, yayin da lithotrophs amfani da inorganic substrates, da kuma phototrophs kama hasken rana a matsayin sinadaran makamashi. Duk da haka, duk wadannan daban-daban na metabolism dogara ne a kan redox halayen da ya shafi canja wurin electrons daga rage adadin kuzari kwayoyin kamar ruwa, sulfide, ammonium sulphate ko ferrous nitrate kwayoyin zuwa samar da makamashi da kuma aka gyara da ake bukata da anabolic halayen da gina kwayoyin. Daidai yanayi na wadannan catabolic halayen bambanta daga kwayoyin zuwa kwayoyin, da kuma kwayoyin za a iya classified bisa ga su tushen makamashi da kuma carbon (su primary nutritional kungiyoyin), kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin tebur a kasa. Tambaya: A cikin wadannan kwayoyin halittu ana amfani da kwayoyin kwayoyin halitta a matsayin tushen makamashi ta hanyar organotrophs, yayin da lithotrophs amfani inorganic substrates, da kuma phototrophs kama hasken rana a matsayin sinadaran makamashi.
rushewa da kuma oxidizing