Kammala jumla mai zuwa: A ƙarshen ƙarni na goma sha takwas an ga rabuwa da Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, a matakai uku, tsakanin jihohin makwabta. Masarautar Prussia ta mallaki Białystok da yankin da ke kewaye da ita a lokacin rarrabuwa ta uku. Birnin ya zama babban birnin lardin New East Prussia a shekara ta 1795. Prussia ta rasa yankin bayan nasarar Napoleon Bonaparte a cikin Yaƙin na Hudu na Hudu kamar yadda sakamakon yarjejeniyar 1807 na Tilsit ya ba da yankin ga Daular Rasha, wanda ya tsara yankin zuwa Belostok Oblast, tare da birnin a matsayin cibiyar yanki. Makaranta da ilimi mafi girma a Białystok, wanda aka haɓaka sosai a cikin karni na 18, an dakatar da shi sakamakon rabuwa. Daga baya a cikin karni na 19, Białystok ya girma ya zama muhimmiyar cibiyar masana'antar masana'antu, mafi girma bayan Łódź a cikin Poland da aka raba a lokacin. A cikin 1862 an ƙaddamar da haɗin jirgin ƙasa, yana haɗa Białystok da Warsaw, Grodno, Wilno da Saint Petersburg. Bayan rashin nasarar Nuwamba da
Tashin hankali na Janairu, manufofin Russification da matsi na anti-Polish sun tsananta, kuma bayan 1870 an gabatar da haramcin amfani da yaren Poland a wuraren jama'a.