Kammala wannan jumla: Rushewar farashin farashin kadara na Japan a 1991 ya haifar da wani lokacin da aka yi tattalin arziki da aka sani da "ɓataccen shekaru goma", wani lokacin yanzu ya kara da cewa "ɓataccen shekaru 20". Daga 1995 zuwa 2007, GDP ya ragu daga dala tiriliyan 5.33 zuwa dala tiriliyan 4.36 a cikin ƙididdiga. Daga farkon 2000s, Bankin Japan ya fara ƙarfafa ci gaban tattalin arziki ta hanyar sabon tsarin siyasa na sassaucin yawa. Matsayin bashin ya ci gaba da ƙaruwa a matsayin martani ga Rikicin Kudi na Duniya a 2007-08,
Girgizar ƙasa ta Tōhoku a cikin 2011, da annobar COVID-19 da ta fara a ƙarshen 2019. Ya zuwa 2021, Japan tana da matakan bashin jama'a mafi girma fiye da kowace ƙasa da ta ci gaba, yana tsaye a 266% na GDP. Kashi 45% na wannan bashin yanzu Bankin Japan ne ke da shi. Tattalin arzikin Japan yana fuskantar manyan ƙalubalen da tsufa da raguwar yawan jama'a ke haifarwa, wanda ya kai miliyan 128 a shekarar 2010 kuma ya ragu zuwa miliyan 125.9 a shekarar 2020. Hasashe ya nuna cewa yawan jama'a zai ci gaba da raguwa, kuma zai iya sauka ƙasa da miliyan 100 a ƙarshen karni na 21.