Rubuta ci gaba don wannan sakin layi - Rushewar farashin farashin kadara na Japan a 1991 ya haifar da wani lokaci na koma bayan tattalin arziki da aka sani da "ɓataccen shekaru goma", wani lokacin yanzu ana fadada shi a matsayin "ɓataccen shekaru 20". Daga 1995 zuwa 2007, GDP ya ragu daga dala tiriliyan 5.33 zuwa dala tiriliyan 4.36 a cikin ƙididdiga. Daga farkon 2000s, Bankin Japan ya fara ƙarfafa ci gaban tattalin arziki ta hanyar sabon tsarin siyasa na sassaucin yawa. Matsayin bashin ya ci gaba da ƙaruwa a matsayin martani ga Rikicin Kudi na Duniya a 2007-08, Girgizar Kasa na Tōhoku
a cikin 2011, da annobar COVID-19 da ta fara a ƙarshen 2019. Ya zuwa 2021, Japan tana da matakan bashin jama'a mafi girma fiye da kowace ƙasa da ta ci gaba, yana tsaye a 266% na GDP. Kashi 45% na wannan bashin yanzu Bankin Japan ne ke da shi. Tattalin arzikin Japan yana fuskantar manyan ƙalubalen da tsufa da raguwar yawan jama'a ke haifarwa, wanda ya kai miliyan 128 a shekarar 2010 kuma ya ragu zuwa miliyan 125.9 a shekarar 2020. Hasashe ya nuna cewa yawan jama'a zai ci gaba da raguwa, kuma zai iya sauka ƙasa da miliyan 100 a ƙarshen karni na 21.