Duba wurin da ke ƙasa sannan ka amsa tambayar daga baya a cikin harshe ɗaya kamar yadda wurin yake:  Passage: Immunology kimiyya ce da ke nazarin tsari da aikin tsarin garkuwar jiki. Ya samo asali ne daga likitanci da kuma binciken farko game da abubuwan da ke haifar da rigakafi ga cuta. Magana ta farko da aka sani game da rigakafi ya kasance a lokacin annobar Athens a 430 BC. Thucydides ya lura cewa mutanen da suka warke daga ciwon da suka yi a dā za su iya kula da marasa lafiya ba tare da sake kamuwa da cutar ba. A ƙarni na 18, Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis ya yi gwaji da guba na kunama kuma ya lura cewa wasu karnuka da beraye ba sa shan wannan guba. A ƙarni na 10, likitan Farisa al-Razi (wanda aka fi sani da Rhazes) ya rubuta ka'idar da aka rubuta na farko game da rigakafin da aka samu, ya lura cewa cutar kyanda tana kāre waɗanda suka tsira daga kamuwa da cuta a nan gaba. Kodayake ya bayyana rigakafi dangane da "fiye da danshi" ana fitar da shi daga jini - don haka hana cutar daga faruwa a karo na biyu - wannan ka'idar ta bayyana yawancin abubuwan lura game da cutar kyanda da aka sani a wannan lokacin. Waɗannan da sauran abubuwan lura da rigakafin da aka samu daga baya Louis Pasteur ya yi amfani da su a cikin ci gaban allurar rigakafi da kuma ka'idar kwayoyin cutar da ya gabatar. Ka'idar Pasteur ta saba wa ka'idojin zamani na cututtuka, kamar ka'idar miasma. Sai bayan da Robert Koch ya tabbatar da hakan a shekara ta 1891, wanda ya sami lambar yabo ta Nobel a shekara ta 1905, ne aka tabbatar da cewa ƙwayoyin rai ne suke haddasa cututtuka masu yaɗuwa. An tabbatar da ƙwayoyin cuta a matsayin ƙwayoyin cuta na ɗan adam a cikin 1901, tare da gano kwayar cutar zazzabi mai launin rawaya ta Walter Reed. Ilimin rigakafi ya sami babban ci gaba zuwa ƙarshen karni na 19, ta hanyar ci gaba cikin sauri, a cikin nazarin rigakafin humoral da rigakafin salula. Musamman mahimmanci shine aikin Paul Ehrlich, wanda ya ba da shawarar ka'idar sarkar gefe don bayyana takamaiman maganin antigen-antibody; an amince da gudummawar da ya bayar ga fahimtar rigakafin humoral ta hanyar bayar da lambar yabo ta Nobel a 1908, wanda aka ba shi tare da wanda ya kafa rigakafin kwayar halitta, Elie Metchnikoff.  Tambaya: Yaushe ne aka yi wani rikodin game da batun kariya?
430 KZ