Duba zuwa sashi na ƙasa sannan ka amsa tambayar daga baya a cikin harshe guda kamar yadda sashi: Passage: Don superconductors ya annabta a 1982 a tricritical batu a cikin tsari na zamani tsakanin nau'in-I da nau'in-II superconductors inda tsari na miƙa mulki ya canza daga na biyu zuwa na farko. An tabbatar da tsinkaya a 2002 ta hanyar Monte Carlo kwamfuta simulations. Ka'idar ta dogara ne akan ka'idar filin rikice-rikice na biyu zuwa ka'idar filin LD Landau don sauye-sauye na lokaci wanda Kleinert ya bunkasa a cikin littattafai a kan Gauge Fields in Condensed Matter. A cikin wannan ka'idar, an kwatanta kaddarorin ilimin lissafi na jujjuyawar vortex ko layin lahani a matsayin abubuwan da ke da mahimmanci tare da taimakon filayen, wanda zane-zanen Feynman su ne hotunan layin. Tambaya: Yaushe aka gudanar da Monte Carlo simulations?
Shekarar 2002