Magana: A cikin ilmin sunadarai, wani kwayoyin kwayoyin (MO) wani nau'in ilmin lissafi ne wanda ke kwatanta halayyar lantarki a cikin kwayar halitta. Ana iya amfani da wannan aikin don lissafin sunadarai da na zahiri kamar yiwuwar gano lantarki a kowane yanki. Robert S. Mulliken ne ya gabatar da kalmar orbital a 1932 a matsayin gajeriyar hanyar aiki na lantarki guda daya. A matakin farko, ana amfani da shi don bayyana yankin sararin samaniya wanda aikin yake da mahimmancin amplitude. Ana gina ƙwayoyin kwayoyin ta hanyar haɗuwa da ƙwayoyin atomatik ko ƙwayoyin haɗari daga kowane kwayar halitta, ko wasu ƙwayoyin kwayoyin daga ƙungiyoyin atoms. Ana iya lissafin su ta hanyar amfani da HartreeFock ko hanyoyin da suka dace da kansu (SCF) Tambaya: Za a iya gina ƙwayoyin kwayoyin ta hanyar Hartree da wace hanya?
Fock