Duba zuwa sashi na ƙasa sannan ka amsa tambayar daga baya a cikin harshe ɗaya kamar yadda sashi: Passage: The quanta na wani filin Abelian gauge dole ne su zama marasa nauyi, bosons marasa caji, muddin ba a karya jituwa ba; sabili da haka, ana hasashen photon ya zama mara nauyi, kuma ya sami cajin lantarki mara kyau da kuma juyawa mai lamba.
ba kome ba