Duba wurin da ke ƙasa sannan ka amsa tambayar daga baya a cikin harshe ɗaya kamar yadda wurin yake:  Passage: Kwayar cutar hepatitis B ta kamu da mutane tun aƙalla zamanin Bronze. An samo wannan shaidar ne daga gawarwakin mutane da suka yi shekaru 4,500. Dangane da binciken na 2018, kwayoyin halittar kwayar cutar da aka samu ta hanyar bindigar bindiga ta zama mafi tsufa da aka taɓa dawo da su daga samfuran vertebrate. An kuma gano cewa wasu ƙwayoyin cuta na hepatitis na dā har ila suna yaɗuwa ga mutane, yayin da wasu suka halaka. Wannan ya ƙaryata ra'ayin cewa cutar hepatitis B ta samo asali ne daga Sabon Duniya kuma ta yaɗu zuwa Turai a ƙarni na 16. Wani binciken na 2018 na ragowar wani jariri da aka gano a cikin Basilica na San Domenico Maggiore a Naples ya kammala cewa yaron, wanda ya rayu a karni na 16, yana da nau'in HBV, kuma kwayar cutar tana da alaƙa da nau'ikan zamani.A farkon rikodin annoba da cutar hepatitis B ta haifar da Lurman ne a 1885. Cutar cutar kyanda ta barke a Bremen a 1883 kuma ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa 1,289 an yi musu allurar rigakafi da lymph daga wasu mutane. Bayan makonni da yawa, kuma har zuwa watanni takwas bayan haka, 191 daga cikin ma'aikatan da aka yi wa allurar rigakafin sun kamu da cutar jaundice kuma an gano cewa suna fama da cutar hepatitis. Sauran ma'aikatan da aka yi wa allurar rigakafin da nau'ikan lymph sun kasance cikin koshin lafiya. Jaridar Lurman, yanzu ana ɗaukar ta a matsayin misali na yau da kullun na nazarin cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtuka, ya tabbatar da cewa gurɓataccen lymph shine tushen barkewar cutar. Daga baya, an ba da rahoton irin wannan barkewar cutar bayan gabatarwar, a cikin 1909, na allurar hypodermic waɗanda aka yi amfani da su, kuma, mafi mahimmanci, sake amfani da su, don gudanar da Salvarsan don maganin syphilis. Ba a gano kwayar cutar ba sai a shekara ta 1966 sa'ad da Baruch Blumberg, wanda a lokacin yake aiki a National Institutes of Health (NIH), ya gano kwayar cutar Australia (daga baya aka san ta da kwayar cutar hepatitis B surface antigen, ko HBsAg) a cikin jinin 'yan asalin Australiya. Ko da yake an yi zargin cutar tun lokacin da Frederick MacCallum ya wallafa bincike a shekara ta 1947, David Dane da wasu sun gano kwayar cutar a shekara ta 1970 ta hanyar lantarki. A farkon shekarun 1980s kwayar halittar...  Tambaya: wane irin nazari ne takardar Lurman?
ƙwayoyin cuta