A cikin 1250, Mamluks sun kwace iko da Misira daga Ayyubids, kuma ta hanyar 1261 sun gudanar da tabbatar da kansu a Siriya da kuma shahararren shugabansu shine Baibars. Mamluks ba, a zahiri, daular ba ce, kamar yadda ba su kula da tsarin gadon sarauta ba; a zahiri, Mamluks sun 'yanta bayi Turkawa da Caucasian, waɗanda (a ka'ida) suka ba da iko ga wasu masu matsayi iri ɗaya. Wannan tsarin gwamnati ya dage tsawon ƙarni uku, har zuwa 1517, kuma ya haifar da ayyukan gine-gine masu yawa (an gina dubban gine-gine a wannan lokacin), yayin da tallafin fasahar alfarma ya fi son gilashin gilashi da ƙarfe, kuma ana tunawa da shi a matsayin zamanin zinariya na Masar.
1261 da kuma