A shekara ta 1986 ya gano antiparallel musayar coupling tsakanin ferromagnetic yadudduka rabu da wani bakin ciki ba-ferromagnetic Layer, kuma a 1988 ya gano giant magnetoresistive sakamako (GMR). GMR aka lokaci guda kuma da kansa gano Albert Fert daga Université de Paris Sud. An yi amfani da ko'ina a karanta shugabannin na zamani wuya tafiyarwa. Wani aikace-aikace na GMR sakamako ne ba m, Magnetic bazuwar damar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya. Tambaya: A wace shekara ya gano GMR?
Shekarar 1988