Kammala jumla mai zuwa: Tarihin Lithuania ya samo asali ne daga ƙauyukan da aka kafa shekaru dubbai da suka gabata, amma farkon rubutaccen rikodin sunan ƙasar ya koma 1009 AD. Lithuanians, ɗaya daga cikin mutanen Baltic, daga baya suka ci ƙasashen da ke makwabtaka da su kuma suka kafa Grand Duchy na Lithuania a ƙarni na 13 (da kuma Mulkin Lithuania na ɗan gajeren lokaci). Grand Duchy ya kasance mai nasara kuma mai dorewa. Ya kasance mai zaman kanta sosai kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin yankuna na ƙarshe na Turai don karɓar Kiristanci (farawa a karni na 14). Ƙarfi mai girma, ya zama ƙasa mafi girma a Turai a ƙarni na 15 ta hanyar mamaye manyan rukunin Slavs na Gabas da ke zaune a Ruthenia. A cikin 1385, Grand Duchy ya kafa ƙungiyar daular tare da Poland ta hanyar Union of Krewo. Daga baya, Union of Lublin (1569) ya kirkiro Jamhuriyar Poland-Lithuania wanda ya kasance har zuwa 1795, lokacin da na ƙarshe na Partitions na Poland ya share Lithuania da Poland daga taswirar siyasa. Bayan rushewa, Lithuanians sun rayu a ƙarƙashin mulkin Daular Rasha har zuwa karni na 20, kodayake akwai manyan tawaye da yawa, musamman a cikin 1830-1831 da
Shekara ta 1863.