Kammala wannan jumlar: Fiye da kashi 80% na ƙasar an rufe shi da Hamadar Karakum. Tsakiyar ƙasar ta mamaye Turan Depression da Karakum Desert. Topographically, Turkmenistan tana da iyaka da Ustyurt Plateau zuwa arewa, da Kopet Dag Range zuwa kudu, da Paropamyz Plateau, da Koytendag Range zuwa gabas, da Amu Darya Valley, da kuma Caspian Sea zuwa yamma. Turkmenistan ya haɗa da yankuna uku na tectonic, yankin dandalin Epigersin, yankin raguwar Alpine, da yankin Epiplatform orogenesis. Yankin Alpine tectonic shi ne cibiyar girgizar kasa a Turkmenistan. Girgizar ƙasa mai ƙarfi ta faru a cikin Kopet Dag Range a 1869, 1893, 1895, 1929, 1948, da 1994. Birnin Ashgabat da ƙauyukan da ke kewaye da shi sun lalace sosai.
Girgizar ƙasa a shekara ta 1948.