Kwayoyin suna fassara kwayar halitta a cikin RNA na kwayar halitta, kuma ribosome sa'an nan ya fassara RNA zuwa jerin amino acid da aka sani da furotin. Lambar fassarar daga RNA codon zuwa amino acid iri ɗaya ce ga yawancin kwayoyin halitta. Alal misali, jerin DNA wanda ke yin lambar insulin a cikin mutane kuma yana yin lambar insulin lokacin da aka saka shi cikin wasu kwayoyin halitta, kamar tsire-tsire. Ana samun DNA a matsayin madaidaicin tsari a cikin eukaryotes, eukaryotes, da kuma prokospeptides.
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