Kammala wannan jumla: A lokacin bayyanuwar, Portugal tana fuskantar tashin hankali tsakanin gwamnatin Jamhuriyar Republican da ke neman zama ta duniya da kuma abubuwan da suka fi tsattsauran ra'ayi a cikin al'umma. Jamhuriyar Farko ta fara da
juyin juya halin 1910 wanda ya kifar da masarautar tsarin mulki. Ya kasance mai tsananin adawa da addini kuma ya haifar da tsattsauran ra'ayi, wanda ya haifar da juyin mulkin soja na 1926. Daga baya a Spain a cikin 1920s da 1930s, yayin da sojojin Jamhuriyar suka sami ƙarfi, rundunonin Roman Katolika masu aminci sun ɗauki hotunan Budurwa Maryamu, a matsayin zanga-zanga da kariya daga ƙungiyoyin da suka kira marasa ibada.