A cikin 1985, an zaɓi Mukai a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin 'yan takara uku na Kwararren Kwararren Japan don Gwajin Kayan Aiki na Farko (Spacelab-J) wanda ya tashi a cikin STS-47. Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin ƙwararren ƙwararren kayan aiki na baya don aikin Neurolab (STS-90). Mukai ya shiga sama da awanni 566 a sararin samaniya. Ta tashi a cikin STS-65 a 1994 da STS-95 a 1998. Ita ce mace ta farko ta Japan da ta tashi a sararin samaniya, kuma ɗan ƙasar Japan na farko da ya tashi sau biyu.A matsayin ɗan sararin samaniya na NASDA, ta kasance masanin kimiyya mai ziyara a Sashin Kula da Kwayoyin Jiki, Cibiyar Nazarin Kiwon Lafiyar Sararin Samaniya ta NASA, Johnson Space Center, daga 1987 zuwa 1988.
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