Wannan shari'ar, wanda 'yan asalin Richmond Spottswood Robinson da Oliver Hill suka shigar, an yanke shawarar ne a 1954 tare da Brown v. Hukumar Ilimi, wanda ya ƙi koyarwar wariyar launin fata na "raba amma daidai". Amma, a cikin 1958, a ƙarƙashin manufar "tsayayya mai ƙarfi" wanda Sanata Harry F. Byrd mai tasiri da Byrd Organization ya jagoranta, Commonwealth ya hana makarantun gida na yanki daga karɓar kuɗin jihar.
Shekaru na 1960