Tuhia he haere tonu mo tenei whitianga - I whawhai a Arct i roto i nga ope taua o Polani tae noa ki te hinganga o Polani i te timatanga o te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao. I mawhiti ia ki Parani ka mahi hei kaiwhakaako rererangi me te French Air Force i French North Africa. I muri i te hekenga o Wīwī i Hune 1940
, I rere a Arct ki Great Britain ka riro ia hei kaiurungi whawhai i te timatanga o te tau 1941, i tae atu ki te Royal Air Force (RAF) Operational Training Unit 61, ka uru atu ki te No. 306 Polish Fighter Squadron (RAF) i te Oketopa 1941.