Ka taea te whakaatu i tēnei hanganga mā te whakamahi i ngā mahere Penrose-Carter e kōrerorero ana i ngā rohe nui rawa o te mokowā me ngā wā mutunga kore e whakaheke ("compactified") kia rite ki te uru ki runga i te mahere mutunga, i te mea e haere tonu ana te marama i runga i ngā kōwae rite i roto i ngā mahere mokowā-wā paerewa. I te mohio ki te hiranga o te hanganga take, i whakawhanakehia e Roger Penrose me ētahi atu te mea e mohiotia ana ko te āhuahanga ao. I roto i te āhuahanga ao, ko te akoranga o te ahanoa o te ao ehara i te mea kotahi (ko te whanau ranei) ki nga rongoā a Einstein.
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