Whakarāpopototia te tuhinga:  He puia i pupuhi i runga i te marama i te 3.5 piriona tau ki muri kua tohua ā-roto, e whakaatu ana he nui ake te puhipuhi i te mea i whakaarohia. E whakaatu ana te rangahau ko te pakarutanga i tukuna ai nga paru puta noa i te rohe o Scotland i runga i te mata o te marama. Ka whakamahia hoki e te rōpū te tikanga ōrite ki te mahere i te pakarutanga o te puia nui rawa e mōhiotia ana i roto i te pūnaha solar: ko Olympus Mons i runga i Mars. Ko te rangahau i arahina e te Whare Wānanga o Durham i ako i te pakarutanga puia o te marama. I kitea e te rōpū he nui ake te pakarutanga i te mea i whakaarohia. I pakaru i te 3.5 piriona tau ki muri (te whakaahua o te Ao mai i tenei wa me te marama e whakaatuhia ana) ka kapi i te rohe o Scotland i roto i nga paru. He mihi tēnei ki te taumaha iti o te marama. Ko ngā kitenga i ārahihia e ngā tohunga o te Institute for Computational Cosmology me te Tari o Earth Sciences i te Whare Wānanga o Durham, UK. I kitea e rātau, e rima nga wā i nui ake ai te rerenga o te toka me te hau i tanumia e te pa o Roma o Pompeii. Ahakoa kua mōhiotia kē te marama he mahi puia i tēnei wā, he mea whakamiharo te rahi me te tauine o tēnei pakarutanga motuhake. E whakapono ana ngā kaipūtaiao he whatunga nui o ngā āpure kei raro i te mata o te marama. Ko ngā hanganga puia, e mōhiotia ana ko ngā 'tubes lava', kua whakaarohia i mua hei wāhi mō ngā koroni tangata i runga i te marama. Na, he rangahau nā te Whare Wānanga o Purdue i kī ko ngā ngongo 0.6 maero (1km) te diameter ka noho pūmau tonu hei whare pūtake pūmau i raro i te mata. E whakapono ana ngā kairangahau ka āwhinatia e ēnei ngongo kapura ngā kaipāho ā-roto ā-roto i ngā wero o te taiao kino o te Marama, kāore nei he huru matotoru. Ko te puia kei waenganui i nga puia e rua i te taha tawhiti o te marama, ko Bel'kovich - he 133 maero (214km) te whanui - me Compton - he 101 maero (162km) te whanui. Ma te awhina o te taumaha iti o te marama, ka horapa nga paru mai i te pakarutanga ki te 27,000 maero tapawha (70,000 kiromita tapawha). Ko te waka ā-ao a NASA Lunar Prospector i kite tuatahi i te wāhi puia i te tau 1999 e...
Ko te rangahau i aratakihia e te Whare Wānanga o Durham i ako i te pakarutanga puia o te marama. I kitea e te rōpū he nui ake te pakarutanga i te mea i whakaarohia. I pakaru i te 3.5 piriona tau ki muri, ā, i taupokina he wāhi e ōrite ana ki a Scotland ki te paru. He mihi tēnei ki te taumaha iti o te marama. Ka whakamahia te tikanga 'tohu' ōrite mō Olympus Mons i Mars.