Whakarāpopototia te tuhinga:  Ko te rauemi whakamiharo tēnei e 200 ngā wā e kaha ake ana i te maitai, ā, kotahi miriona ngā wā e māmā ake ana i te makawe tangata, ka hurihuri i te hikohiko, te rongoā me te waka. Inaianei kua whakaritea te graphene ki te mahi i tana tauhokohoko tuatahi i roto i te ahua o te rama rama i roto i te <unk> take o nga marama<unk>. Kei roto i te maramara he LED ahua-aratau kua pania ki te waro tino kaha, a kua whakaritea kia hokona i te mutunga o te tau 2015. Kei roto i te rama rama he rama-ahua LED i whakakikoruatia ki te waro tino kaha, i kitea e Sir Konstantin Novoselov (whakaahua i te taha maui). I konei, e tirotirohia ana e te Kānara a George Osborne te pūhiko. E kī ana ngā kairangahau o Ingarangi kei muri i te pūhiko ka roa ake, ka iti ake te utu ki te hanga i ngā LED noa iho, ā, ka whakaheke i te whakamahinga pūngao ki te 10 ōrau. He rite tonu te āhua ki tētahi pū rama tūturu, engari mā te whakakikorua graphene e āhei ai ki te whakahaere tika ake i te hiko me te wera, kia pai ake ai te mahi, arā, kāore e hiahiatia e ngā kaiwhakamahi te huri auau i ō rātou pū rama. I hangaia i te Whare Wānanga o Manchester, i reira i kitea ai te graphene, ā, ka hangaia e Graphene Lighting PLC, he kamupene kua rēhitatia i te UK, he kamupene mai i te whare wānanga. Ko te Ahorangi Colin Bailey, te kaiāwhina o te tumuaki o te whare wānanga i korero ki te BBC: <unk>Ko te rama rama graphene ka iti ake te kaha. E whakaaro ana mātou ka roa ake. <unk>He iti ake ngā utu hanga, ā, he nui ake ngā wāhanga pūmau e whakamahia ana.<unk> Ko te hua auaha e rite ana ki te rama rama tuku iho, engari ko te paninga graphene ka taea ai te whakahaere i te hiko me te wera kia pai ake ai te mahi, kia pai ake ai te mahi. He whakaahua o te hanganga o te graphene e whakaatuhia ana, i hangaia mai i te whatu o nga ngota waro. Ko te graphene he paparanga ngota kotahi o nga ngota waro e herea ana i roto i te whatunga hexagonal. Ehara i te mea ka huri noa i te hangarau haurua, pūoko, me te whakaatu, engari ka taea hoki te arahi ki nga mahi nui i roto i te rangahau ahupūngao ahupūngao. I ētahi wā e whakaahuatia ana hei waea heihei tauwhāiti i hangaia mai i ngā ngota waro me ō rātau hononga. E whakapono ana ngā kaipūtaiao...
Kei roto i te maramara he rama-āhua LED i whakakikoruatia ki te graphene ultraconductive. He pakari, he roa, he angiangi ake hoki i te makawe tangata te rauemi whakamiharo. I hangaia te Bulb i te Whare Wānanga o Manchester, ā, ka hokona i roto i ngā marama. E kī ana ka whakaitihia te whakamahinga o te pūngao ki te 10%, ka roa ake, ā, ka 'taetae' te utu.