Whakarāpopototia te tuhinga:  Ko te mate kai e pā ana ki te kotahi i roto i te ono o nga Amerikana ia tau e pā ana ki te kikokiko me nga huawhenua pirau, te wai poke, me nga whare tunu kai kore. Engari he tikanga hou e whakamahi ana i te hiko me te wai anake ka taea e te ra kotahi te haumaru ake o te kai, me te kore e kino ki te taiao. E kī ana ngā kairangahau, ka taea e ngā matūriki iti o te wai kua whakakiia ki te hiko, ki tonu i ngā pūmatua koreutu, te whakawai ki runga i te kai hei whakamate i ngā paturopi e takoto ana i runga i te mata. E kī ana ngā kairangahau ka taea te wero i ngā matūriki iti o te wai kua whakawhiwhia ki te hiko, ki tonu i ngā rāpoi koreutu, ki runga i ngā hua me ngā huawhenua, hei whakamate i ngā pathogens e piri ana i runga i te mata (whakaahua) E whakapono ana ngā kaipūtaiao i te Whare Wānanga o Harvard i Cambridge, Massachusetts, ki te nui ake o te rangahau, ka taea e ngā matūriki e kiia ana ko Engineered Water Nanostructures (EWNS) te whakakapi i ngā tikanga o nāianei e whakamahia ana hei whakakore i te kai, pēnei i te whakamahinga o ngā rongoā ngawari o ngā wherikotanga me te chlorine. <unk>Ka taea e ngā hua me ngā huawhenua te whakapoke i ngā moroiti mate i ngā wāhi katoa o te mekameka whakaputa, mai i te mara, i te kari, i te wā o te kotinga, te kawe, te tukatuka, te tohatoha, me te hokohoko, i te wā rānei o te whakarite i roto i ngā whare ratonga kai, i te kāinga hoki (mai i te pāmu ki te hīkoi),<unk> e tuhituhi ana ngā pūtaiao i roto i ta rātau akoranga, i tāngia i roto i te pukapuka o Environmental Science and Technology. <unk>Ko ngā pūtake pathogen pea ko te wai waipiro poke, ngā kararehe, ngā manu, ngā pepeke, te oneone, te paru, me ngā kaimahi/kaitohutohu kai kua pangia.<unk> I runga anō i te roa o te wā i whakapuakina ai ngā hua me ngā huawhenua ki te pupuhi o ngā nanoparticles, i whakaaturia e ngā whakamātautau taiwhanga he 80 ki te 98 ōrau o ngā huakita i whakangaromia. Ka whakaaturia he whakaahua SEM o E. coli. Ki te whakaaro koe ki te kawa kai, ka whakaaro tonu pea koe ko te kikokiko raw te mea kino. Engari ko nga hua me nga huawhenua mata, iti noa iho ranei te tukatuka, ka taea te puna o nga microorganisms pathogenic, penei i te huakita, te huaketo, me nga parasite i te rangahau. I ia tau i te US, tata ki te 48 miriona tāngata e mate ana, 128,000 e whakahaeretia ana ki te hōhipera, ā, 3,000 e mate ana i ngā mate kai. I waenganui i te 1990 me te 2005,...
I hangaia e ngā tohunga ngā matūriki mā te whakamahi i te wai hiko me ngā rāpoi herekore. Ki te whakawai ki ngā huawhenua me ngā huawhenua, ka taea e rātau te whakamate i te 98% o ngā huakita. I whakamātauria a E. coli, Salmonella me Listeria i roto i te whakamātautau i runga i te tōmato. Ka taea e te tikanga te whakakapi i ngā huarahi o nāianei ki te whakamate i te kai.