Whakarāpopototia te tuhinga:  Kua whakaaetia he raihana ki tētahi roia pūkenga o Haina i rāhuitia te mahi ki California nā te Ture Whakakahoretanga o Haina o 1882, 89 tau i muri i tōna matenga. 'He wero ano hoki ki etahi atu maha, penei i a Chang, i hiahia ki te waiho hei roia anake kia whakaroa to ratou moemoea na te mea o to ratau iwi, o te iwi ke, o te whenua ranei,' e kii ana te whakatau a te kooti kotahi. 'Kua pahemo te wā ki te whakaae ko te whakawātea ā-iwi o Chang mai i te State Bar o California he hara nui.' Whawhai: Ko Hong Yen Chang, no te rohe o Guangdong, Haina, i haere ki te U.S. i te 1872 i te 12 o ona tau. I ako ia i te ture i Colombia, i puta i te tau 1886 me nga tohu nui mai i nga kaiwhakaari. Engari i aukatihia ia ki te mahi i California na te mea he 'tangata no Mongolian' Defiant: I te mutunga o te ora, i mahi a Hong hei kaitiaki putea me te kaitohutohu, a ka whakawhiwhia ki a ia he tohu taote mo te ture e te kawanatanga Hainamana. Engari kaore i whakawhiwhia ki a ia he raihana ki te mahi ture i California. Ko Hong Yen Chang, no Xiangshan, Guangdong Province, i whiriwhiria kia haere ki te U.S. i te 1872 i te 12 o ona tau, hei waahanga o te Miihana Whakaakoranga Hainamana. I ako ia i te ture i Yale me Colombia, mai i te wahi i puta ai ia i te tau 1886 me nga tohu nui mai i nga kaitirotiro. Heoi, mo te toenga o tona oranga i raru ia ki te mahi ture, na te mea i raro i te ture o te rautau 19th 'he tangata no Mongolian whanau' e kore e whakaaetia ki te kaari. I te tau 1888, i muri i nga korerorero roa, ka paahitia e New York State tetahi Ture mo te Whakaoranga o Hong Yen Chang, i whakakore i te Ture Whakakore Hainamana i te kawanatanga, ka ahei ia ki te whiwhi raihana ki te mahi ture i New York. Engari i kii nga mana o California kaore ratou i mohio ki te whakatau a New York, kaore i taea e Hong te mahi ki reira. I te Mane, i whakawhiwhia e te Kooti Nui o California he raihana ture i muri i te matenga ki a Hong, e mohiotia ana ko te roia tuatahi o Amerika i whanau mai i Haina. I tae mai tenei hei whakautu ki nga tono a nga uri o Hong, tae atu ki nga Akonga Ture o te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa o Amerika. Association (APALSA) i te...
Ko Hong Yen Chang, i mate i te tau 1926, he roia whai pūkenga, i puta ki ngā tohu pai rawa atu i Colombia. I whawhai ia i tona oranga katoa ki te mahi ture, engari i aukatihia i California na te ture e aukati ana i te 'tangata o te whanau Mongolian' mai i te umanga. Inaianei kua whakawhiwhia e te Kooti Nui o California ki a ia he raihana i muri i tona matenga, e kii ana 'ahakoa kaore e taea e taatau te whakakore i te hitori, ka taea e taatau te whakaae'