Tuhia he haere tonu mō tēnei wāhanga - E whakamahia ana ngā pūrongo SER e ngā kaipūkaha hiko ki te tātari i ngā pōturi pūnaha hiko nui, iti hoki. Whai muri i te korenga o te Raki-rawhiti o te tau 2003
, te North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) i tohu ko nga raraunga punaha hiko me wa-tohu ki te millisecond tata.