I te Pipiri 27, 1930, i marenatia ia ki a Lígia Cabral Penna, he kotiro tekau ma ono tau te pakeke, me ia e rua nga tamahine, a Vilma raua ko Agnes. I taua tau ano, i puta ia, ka tiimata tana mahi rongoa i Itaguara, i noho ia mo te tata ki te rua tau. I tēnei tāone, i tūtaki tuatahi a Rosa ki ngā āhuatanga o te sertão. I te pakarutanga o te Constitutionalist Revolution o 1932
I mahi a Guimarães Rosa hei taakuta mo te Poari a te iwi ("Força Pública") e haere ana ki te waahanga e kiia nei ko Tunnel i Passa-Quatro, Minas Gerais, i reira ka whakapiri atu ia ki te perehitini o muri mai a Juscelino Kubitschek, i taua wa ko te taote matua o te Whare Hauora Toto ("Hospital de Sangue"). I muri mai, ka riro ia hei kaimahi tūmatanui mā te whakamātautau. I te 1933, i haere ia ki Barbacena i te tuunga o te Tohunga o te 9th Infantry Battalion. I mahara a Rosa i muri mai ko nga wheako mai i tana wa hei taakuta me te hoia he mea nui mo tana whakangungu hei kaituhi.