Tirohia te whiti i raro nei, ka whakahoki i te pātai i muri i roto i te reo ano rite te whiti: Passage: etahi matapae o te pānga whānui rerekē nui i te hunga o te ahupūngao tawhito, rawa e pā ana ki te haere o te wā, te āhuahanga o te wāhi, te nekehanga o ngā tinana i roto i te hinga noa, me te horapa o te marama. tauira o taua rerekētanga ngā te wā tō ārai whakarea, lensing tō ārai, te redshift tō ārai o te marama, me te roa te wā tō ārai. Kua whakapumautia te matapae o te pānga whānui e pā ana ki te ahupūngao tawhito i roto i te katoa o ngā kitenga me ngā whakamātautau ki te rā. Ahakoa e kore ko te pānga whānui te ariā anake relativistic o te tō ārai, ko te ariā ohie e he ōrite ki raraunga whakamātautau. Heoi, tonu pātai unanswered, ko te tino taketake pehea e taea te pānga whānui kia whakakotahitia ki nga ture o te ahupūngao rahinga ki te whakaputa i te ariā
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