Amiram Goldblum was born in Rosh Pinna in 1945. He is the son of Professor Natan Goldblum, a senior officer in the Medical Corps of the IDF until 1956 and an Israel Prize recipient (1988) for his lifetime efforts to eradicate viral diseases in Israel, in particular, polimyellitis  a. The family was evacuated to Haifa during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. Goldblum's mother Tamar (née Toren) was a member of the Irgun and had been in the Beitar youth movement, being instructed by Eliyahu Meridor (father of Israeli politician and Minister Dan Meridor). Goldblum studied chemistry and physics at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, as a student of Ernst David Bergmann and of Raphael Mechoulam, and continued postdoc studies in Paris with Bernard Pullman and Alberte Pullman and with Corwin Hansch in Pomona College (California). During the years 1970-1979 he served as a news announcer in Kol Yisrael and as an anchor of classical and jazz music programs on the Israeli Radio. Goldblum joined the Hebrew University in 1979 and became associate professor of Medicinal Chemistry in 1989 and full professor in 2010 and retired in 2015, becoming Professor Emeritus. Goldblum is a member of the Supreme Academic Council of the Jerusalem Academy of Music and Dance and member of the Supreme Academic Council of the AlQasemi Academy in Baka El Gharbieh 
Goldblum was married to Israela Weinstein from 1967 until her death in 2006. Goldblum is married to Idit Amihai,  head of Museums and Public Galleries departments of Israel's  Ministry of Culture and Sports.
Goldblums son, Dan Goldblum, who served in the Israeli Commando Unit, Sayeret Matkal, was badly wounded in the commandos preparative operation (Operation Bramble Bush) to kill Saddam Hussein, on 5 November 1992. Goldblum's daughter Maya served in Sayeret Matkal following her brother.
Goldblum fought in the Yom Kippur war, October 1973, as part of battalion 86  which was attached to armoured Division 460. Goldblum fought with his unit over the Suez Canal, where his unit was fighting inside the Egyptian city of Suez toward the end of the war Battle of Suez.  The story of some of Goldblum's actions during that war was published in 2014.