These materials generally show non-linear behavior with a change in applied magnetic field or stress. For small magnetic fields, linear piezomagnetic constitutive behavior is enough. Non-linear magnetic behavior is captured using a classical macroscopic model such as the Preisach model and Jiles-Atherton model. For capturing magneto-mechanical behavior, Armstrong proposed an "energy average" approach. More recently, Wahi et al. have proposed a computationally efficient constitutive model wherein constitutive behavior is captured using a "locally linearizing" scheme.