In this video, I will explain what is
cancer immunotherapy. First, what is
cancer? It's a disease where body cells
multiply and become crazy.
They spin out of control of immune cells,
which usually protect the body.
Immunotherapy is a treatment that
boosts immune cells, and give back their
power against cancer. As you can see,
immune cells can be very aggressive.
There are different types of immunotherapies, but I 
focused on Immune
Checkpoint Inhibitors, which are now very
popular. These drugs work by "inhibiting
the inhibitors" of killer T cells of the
immune system. Famous drugs include
Opdivo by Bristol-Myers Squibb, and
Keytruda, by Merck & Co. These are
two blockbuster drugs, and their combined sales is 
almost 14 billion dollars in
2018. To predict immunotherapy results, it's necessary 
to look at what's going on
in the tumor and around in its
environment.
A good way to do that is to measure gene
expression of cells. That's the topic of
the next video, where I will explain what
is gene expression data.
