Alright let's talk about protons,
neutrons, and electrons and so these are
our three particles that make up atoms
are three subatomic particles and
there's tons of facts we could know
about all of them it would take us days
and days so let's just do a little intro
on some facts that you definitely want
to start out knowing about your
subatomic particles and so I have a
little grid here and so first one of the
most important things you can know about
your subatomic particles is their charge
and so each one has a different charge
and so protons have a charge of positive
one neutrons have a charge of zero they
are neutral and electrons have a charge
of negative one all right and so next
let's go over the location of all three
different subatomic particles
both protons and neutrons are in the
nucleus and electrons fly around the
nucleus in orbitals and so now that we
have both the charge and the location of
our particles let's actually label in
our particles on the left with their
charge so we know everything that's not
in the middle everything that's not the
nucleus is an electron because the only
particle that's not in the nucleus is
electrons so all these little blue guys
are going to have a charge of negative
one
and then all of our neutrons are going
to have a charge of zero and all of our
protons have a positive charge so
overall the nucleus has a positive
charge and the reason that atoms can be
neutral is because the positive charge
of the protons in the nucleus can be
cancelled out by the negative charge of
the electrons that are flying around the
nucleus in orbitals all right and so
let's just learn one more fact let's
learn the mass so protons and neutrons
both have a mass of one point six seven
times 10 to the negative 23rd kilograms
and electrons have a mass of 9.1 one
times 10 to the negative 31 kilograms
but these numbers are really scraggly
and long we wouldn't want to do any
calculations with them so scientists
also made a new way to measure them and
they defined both protons and neutrons
as weighing 1 amu and so amu stands for
atomic mass unit so it's accurate to say
that protons and neutrons weigh 1 point
6 7 times 10 to the negative 23rd
kilograms and that the also weigh 1 amu
that's the same exact thing and so on
this scale in electron weighs point zero
zero zero five amu and so one thing to
remember is that almost all of the mass
of any atom comes from the nucleus
because our protons and our neutrons are
way heavier than our electrons so you
can think of these and this is actually
correct math that if the protons and
neutrons were elephants
then electrons would be chihuahuas
this is why we're calculating the mass
of an atom we usually only consider the
mass of the protons and the neutrons and
we leave out the electrons because the
electrons are so much lighter that in
most calculations we don't have to
consider them because they're just so
much lighter that they're not
statistically significant
alright so here are some overall good
facts to know about protons neutrons and
electrons when you're starting out all
of our subatomic particles and I hope
you enjoy the rest of your chemistry
studying and that this video was helpful
