nothing's really as it seems we were
used to get you know hot and cold and
all that hot and cold is is the speeds
that the atoms are jiggling if they
jiggle more it corresponds to hotter and
colder is jiggling less so if you have a
bunch of a little a cup of coffee or
something sitting on a table and the
items of jiggling a great deal in the
coffee and they bounce against the cup
and the cup then gets shaking and the
atoms in the cup shaken a chance against
the source of the heat heats the cup and
heats have any other and hot thing
spreads its heat into other things by
mere contact because the atoms that are
jiggling a lot in the hot thing shake
the ones that are jiggling only a little
bit isn't the cold thing so that the hot
heat we say goes into the cold thing it
spreads
but what spreading is just jiggling and
the irregular motions which is easy to
understand that it brings up another
thing that's kind of curious that
and say the things jiggle and if you're
used to balls bouncing you know they
slow up and stop after a while but we
have to imagine with the atoms of
perfect elasticity they never lose any
energy every time they bounced the chip
on bouncing all kind they don't lose
anything they're perpetually moving and
that the things that happen when we say
something loses energy if a ball comes
down and bounces it shakes irregularly
some of the atoms in the floor and the
one that comes up again its leaves some
of those atoms moving the jiggling so as
it bounces it's passing it's extra
energies is extra motions to little
patches on the Floyd's time it bounces
and loses a little each time until it
settles then we say as if all the motion
has stopped but what's left is the floor
is shaking more than it was before and
the atoms and the ball is shaking more
than they were before
that the organized motion of all these
on is moving the same way falling down
and the quiet floor is now transformed
into a ball sitting on the ground but
all that emotion is still there in a
form on the energy of motion in the form
of the jiggling of the floor which is a
little bit warmer unbelievable but
anybody who's hammered a great deal on
something knows that it's true that if
you pound something and hit a lot you
could feel a temperature difference it
heats up it heats up simply could shoot
jiggling it this picture of atoms is a
beautiful one that you can keep looking
at all kinds of things this way you see
a little drop of water a tiny drop and
the atoms attract each other they like
to be next to each other they want as
many partners as they can get now the
guys are at the surface have only
partners on one side here in the air and
the other side so they're trying to get
in and you can imagine this team of
people is teaming people all moving very
fast all trying to get to have as many
partners as possible and the guys at the
edge are very unhappy and nervous and
they keep pounding in trying to get in
and that makes it a tight ball instead
of a flat and that's what you know
surface tension the way you could even
you realize when you see how sometimes a
water drop sits like this on a table
then you start to imagine why it sits
like that
cuz everybody's trying to get into the
water and at the same time while all
this is happening there are these atoms
that are leaving the surface and the
water drop is slowly disappearing if I
might stop trying to imagine all kinds
of things all the time and I get a kick
out of it just like a runner gets a kick
out a sweaty I get a kick out of
thinking about these things I can't stop
by minute you could may I could talk
forever if you cooled off the water so
the jiggling is less and less than a
jiggle slowness law then the atoms get
stuck in place they like to be with
their friend there's a force of
attraction and they get packed together
they're not rolling over each other
they're in a nice pattern like oranges
in a crate in a nice organized pack all
just jiggling in place but not having
enough motion to get loose of their own
place and to break the structure down
and that's what I'm describing as a
solid it's ice it has a structure if you
held the atoms at one end in a certain
position all the rest aligned up in a
position sticking out and it's solid at
the end whereas if you heat that harder
then they begin to get loose and roll
all over each other and that's the
liquid and if you heat that still hotter
and they bounce harder then they simply
bounce apart from each other and they're
just individual I say out of this really
little group savannahs molecule which
comes flying and hit and although they
have a tendency to stick they're moving
too fast their hands don't grab so to
speak as they pass and they fly apart
again and this is the gas we call steam
you can get all kinds of understanding
when I was a kid with it with this air
which I was always interested I've
noticed that when I pumped up my tires
random bicycles you learn a lot but I
think a bicycle they pump up the tires
that the pump would get hot and that
also understand we see as the pump
handle comes down and the atoms are
coming up against it and bouncing off
and it's moving in the ones that are
coming off have the biggest speed than
the ones that are coming in so that as
it comes down and each time they collide
it speeds them up and so they're hotter
when you compress the gas at heats and
when you pull the piston back out
then atoms which are coming fast at the
piston feel a receding or a sort of a
give it gives and it comes out with less
energy it's like going up against
something which is soft and yielding it
go bump bump and it loses so as you pull
the piston out and the atoms are hit
they lose their speed and they cool off
and gas is cool when they expand and the
fun of it is that all these things which
you see or you notice in the world about
it they pump heats the gas and then well
the gas cools one of expands or the
steam evaporates until you cover the
cover and all these things you can
understand from these simple pictures
that's kind of a lot of fun to think
about I don't want to take this stuff
seriously I think we should just have
fun imagining and not worry about
there's no teacher going to ask you
questions the atoms like each other the
different degrees oxygen for instance in
the air would like to be next to carbon
and if they get a near each other they
snap together if they're not too close
though they repel and they go apart so
they don't know that they could snap
together it's just as if you had a ball
it was trying to climb a hill then there
was a hole I could go into like a
volcano hollow deep one it's rolling
along it doesn't go down in the deep
hole because if it starts to climb the
hill and then rolls away again but if
your men made it go fast enough it'll
fall into the hole and so if it's up
something like wood in oxygen there's
carbon in the wood from a tree and the
oxygen comes and hits it common but not
hard enough it just goes away again the
air is always funny nothing
if you can get it faster by heating it
up somehow somewhere somehow get it
started a few of them come fast they go
over the top so to speak they come close
enough of the carbon and snap in and
that gives a lot of jiggly motion which
might hit some other items making those
go faster so they can climb up and bump
against other carbon atoms and they
jiggle and to make mothers jiggle and
you get a terrible catastrophe which is
one after the other all these things are
going faster and faster and snapping in
and the whole thing is changing that
catastrophe is a fire that it's just a
way of looking at it and these things
are happening they perpetual once it
gets started it keeps on going the heat
makes the other atoms capable of
reaching to make more heat to make other
atoms and so on so this terrible
snapping is producing a lot of jiggling
and if I put with all that activity of
the atoms there and I put a cup of
coffee over that mess of wood that's
doing this it's gonna get a lot of
jiggling so that's what the heat of the
fire is and then of course say if you
see this is what happens we just start
to pick you just go out and I wonder
where how did it get started why is it
that the woods been sitting around all
this time with the oxygen all this time
and it didn't do this earlier or
something where did I get this from well
it came from a tree
and the substance of the tree is carbon
where did that come from
that comes from the air it's carbon
dioxide from eeeh people look at trees
and they think it comes out of the
ground the plants crawl out of the
ground but if you ask where the
substance comes from you find out where
does it come from the trees come out of
the yeah they surely come out of here no
they come out of the air if the carbon
dioxide in the air goes into the tree
and the changes it kicking out the
oxygen and pushing free oxygen away from
the carbon and leaving the carbon
substance with water water comes out of
the ground you see only to have to get
in there it came out of the air didn't
it he came down from the sky
so no fact most of a tree almost all of
the trees out of the ground I'm sorry
it's out of the air there's a little bit
from the ground some minerals and so
forth now of course I told you the
oxygen and we reasons no dioxygen and
carbon stick together bet berries tight
how is it the tree is so smart is to
manage to take the carbon dioxide which
is the carbon oxygen nicely combined and
undo that so easy ah life life has some
mysterious force no the sun is shining
and it's the sunlight that comes down
and knocks these oxygen away from the
carbon so it takes sunlight to get the
plant to work and so the Sun all the
time is doing the work of separating the
oxygen away from the cob and the oxygen
is some kind of terrible by-product
which it spits back into the air and
leaving the carbon and water and stuff
to make the substance of the tree then
when we take the substance of the tree
and stick it in the fireplace and
there's the holy oxygen made by these
trees and all a carbon would would much
prefer to be close together again and
once you'd let the heat to get it
started it continues and makes an awful
lot of activity while it's going back
together again
and all this nice light and everything
comes out and everything is being undone
you're going back from carbon and oxygen
back to carbon dioxide and the light and
heat that's coming out that's the light
and heat of the Sun that went in
so it's sort of stored Sun that's coming
out when you burn it a log next question
how is it the Sun is so jiggly so hot
I gotta stop somewhere I'll leave you
something to imagine
