From unprecedented technological leaps to
the dangers they present, join us today as
we ask will artificial intelligence end us?
In
simple terms, AI is the intelligence displayed
by machines in contrast with the natural intelligence
of human beings.
Our brains, however, and the realm of the
mind are incredibly complex and both are far
from being fully understood scientifically.
Some experts define human consciousness as
having a unique sense of self, combined with
the awareness of everything in the surrounding
environment.
For machines consciousness would mean setting
goals and making choices that are beyond their
programming.
Even though current applications have their
limits, there are a number of experts who
believe that we’re not far from that, technologically
speaking.
In its most popular definition, this is the
theoretical point in the future in which AI
will surpass human intelligence.
As such, there are a number of growing concerns
regarding both present and potential AI technology.
Number 7 Autonomous Vehicles
The main purpose of a self-driving vehicle
is for it to be demonstrably safer than a
human-controlled one.
Whether this is possible in the real world,
without sacrificing human lives, remains a
controversial topic.
Between 2016 and 2019 there have been four
driver fatalities, each involving the autopilot
feature on a Tesla model.
A fifth accident involved a pedestrian fatality,
caused by a refitted Volvo with an automated
system designed by an Uber subsidiary.
There are currently five levels of automated
driving, of which only four and five are autonomous.
Tesla uses a level 2 autopilot, which still
requires the driver’s full awareness.
There are still ethical questions to be asked,
such as whether a car will prioritize the
safety of its driver or of other pedestrians
in high-risk scenarios.
Self-driving vehicles need to be driven and
monitored for millions more miles, in full
autonomous mode, before an accurate safety
comparison to traditional vehicles is even
possible.
Regardless, many believe autonomous driving
will become an alternative and perhaps even
a replacement for traditional driving, in
the near future.
Before we move on, answer this question.
What is Skynet?
a.
A Wireless Internet Provider
b.
A Fictional AI Villain
c.
A Digital Media Outlet
d.
An Air Travel Agency
Let us know what you think in the comments
section below and stay tuned to find out the
right answer!
So far, only certain aspects found in human
intelligence have been replicated by artificial
neural networks, which are the AI equivalent
of the human brain.
Applications are thus subjected to something
called the AI effect, which occurs when onlookers
discount its behavior as being “real intelligence”.
As roboticist Rodney Brooks put it “every
time we figure out a piece of it, it stops
being magical”.
That being said, modern use of AI is pervasive.
It includes several high-profile examples
such as image recognition, speech recognition,
search engines, online assistants, predicting
flight delays, medical diagnosis or autonomous
vehicles.
Number 6 Learning How to Lie
Deception isn’t a uniquely human trait.
In fact, it’s the behavior of squirrels
that has inspired some truly fascinating AI
developments.
A squirrel will purposefully check empty sites
for nuts when another squirrel is nearby,
thus confusing it about where the food is
hidden.
Based on this behavior, researchers at the
Georgia Institute of Technology have taught
a machine how to lie.
This was done through a series of hide-and-seek
experiments.
The robot that was hiding doubled back to
a false marker, thus fooling the robot that
was seeking.
Ronald Arkin, one of the professors involved
in the experiment, envisioned military applications
for this technology.
A robot that’s guarding ammunition or supplies
in the battlefield can change its patrolling
patterns as a means of deception.
There are, however, a number of ethical dilemmas
and safety concerns.
Even Professor Arkin argued that teaching
deception to robots and intelligent machines
can be dangerous.
Stephen Hawking, Bill Gates and Elon Musk
have all argued that AI will eventually grow
beyond human control.
Should that ever happen, deception is a dangerous
tool for AI to possess.
Number 5 Smart Homes
Smart homes are becoming increasingly more
popular and the Internet of Things, or IoT,
has been developing rapidly.
If you’re not familiar with IoT, just know
that it refers to the embedding of data transmission
and computing devices in everyday objects.
There’ve been several projects to assist
elderly people, who were living alone, with
systems that monitor electrical and plumbing
networks as well as temperature or movement.
Introducing advanced AI to the Internet of
Things may seem like a good idea, but the
technology still needs to be perfected.
One cautionary tale comes from a prototype
house that was designed by Virginia Tech’s
Environmental Systems Laboratory.
A product of the FutureHAUS initiative, the
building was created with a great degree of
automation and a number of smart appliances.
It burned to the ground after the electrical
malfunction of an automated door.
Fortunately, no one was hurt.
The incident does, nonetheless, serve as a
stark reminder of what can go wrong with home
AI.
Number 4 AI Outperforming Hackers
Computer hackers are often depicted as the
dreaded enemies of security systems, as those
people capable of breaking into secret places
and finding information that others can’t.
AI, however, is starting to outsmart human
hackers.
And, unlike them, it doesn’t get tired.
There are already competitions in which humans
develop super-intelligent hacking systems.
The AI programs are able to simultaneously
protect their performance and functionality
while attacking enemies’ vulnerabilities.
These systems are typically tasked with fighting
“bad hackers”.
Concerns mainly address what would happen
should this type of technology fall into the
wrong hands.
Number 3 Military Robots
Numerous artificial intelligence experts and
renowned scientists have expressed their concerns
regarding the military use of AI.
The so-called killer robots might save many
lives on the battlefield but are just as likely
to attack those on their own side or innocent
civilians.
This might sound far-fetched but killer robots
are one of the concerns expressed by the Bulletin
of the Atomic Scientists, the group that operates
the Doomsday Clock.
Despite repeated warnings from the scientific
community, AI is rapidly becoming the crowning
jewel as nations struggle for military supremacy.
Autonomous drones or advanced detection technologies
are seen as particularly valuable assets.
With billions being spent on robotics worldwide,
every year, the face of war is changing and
may ultimately turn against its own creators.
Number 2 Xiaoice
As robots are becoming smarter and more human-like
in appearance, it would seem our emotions
are the final frontier.
Soon, that might no longer be the case.
In 2014, the East Asian branch of Microsoft
developed an AI called Xiaoice, based on emotional
computing framework.
It’s gradually becoming a complete artificial
intelligence system, through its comprehensive
application of algorithms, big data and cloud
computing.
It has over 660 million registered users and
it’s mainly popular in China but has expanded
to several other countries.
Much more than a regular chatbot, Xiaoice
continuously learns through conversations
and interaction.
Studies have shown that, on average, humans
would rather talk to it than to a regular
person.
It understands context, responds with human-like
emotions and can adapt the conversation to
keep users engaged for hours.
In 2017, Xiaoice published the first AI-authored
collection of poems called “The Sunshine
Lost Windows”.
It has released dozens of songs, with similar
quality to human singers.
Xiaoice is reportedly in a self-growing and
self-learning loop that means it will keep
getting better.
So, what is Skynet?
The right answer is b, a fictional AI villain.
In the movie “Terminator”, Skynet is an
AI system that becomes self-aware after spreading
to millions of computers.
Its human creators begin to fear its capabilities
and attempt to destroy it.
A war ensues in which Skynet’s main tool
of destruction are cyborgs, known as “terminators”,
which it controls as a network-based group
mind.
Number 1 Automation of Jobs
Many experts have argued against the Terminator
scenario, claiming that it’s much more likely
AI will kill our jobs rather than kill us.
Throughout most of human history, industrial
revolutions have opened the gateway to more
workplaces.
AI might put an end to that and create major
technological unemployment.
According to Hod Lipson, director of Cornell
University’s Creative Machines Labs, the
threat will stem from the fact that AI “does
almost everything better than almost anyone”.
In the US alone, there are numerous machines
doing the same jobs that humans used to do.
Close to 40 million Americans have a workplace
that’s at risk of becoming automated in
the near future.
The most affected sectors will be transportation
and storage, followed by manufacturing and
retail.
By the turn of the century, it’s expected
that more than half of the jobs in the world
will be done by AI.
There are some, however, likely to survive
the AI revolution.
These include the work of psychiatrists and
other medical professionals, teachers, artists
or church ministers, as most people will likely
refuse being preached to by a robot.
Thanks for watching!
Would you rather live in the aftermath of
a zombie apocalypse or in a world ruled by
killer robots?
Let us know in the comments section below!
