Hi and welcome to our OpenSpace
presentation today celebrating the 50th
anniversary of the return of Apollo 8
on the mission that took the first
humans to the moon fifty years ago today
their successful return and just a few
days ago during Christmas Eve they
arrived at the Moon and stayed on the Moon
for 20 hours which was
essentially 10 orbits. And I'd like
to thank the StarNet NASA at
My Library for setting us up and
allowing us to do this today. So once
again my name is Carter Emmart and I'm
the Director of Astrovisualization here
at the American Museum of Natural History
and what we'll be demonstrating
today is something called OpenSpace.
Thanks to our colleagues in NASA funding, 
the StarNet library network,
we're very excited to work with today.
So I'll just read a little bit of
introduction about the StarNet library network: 
It's a hands-on learning
network for libraries and their
communities across the country which
we're very honored to present to you
today and the website is
starnetlibraries org. The StarNet and NASA
at My Library program helps library
professionals build their STEM skills by
providing science technology activities
and resources — that's the STAR — 
and training to use these library resources.
Over 8,000 librarians / STEM professionals 
have joined StarNet to access STEM activity
and clearinghouse blogs, 
webinars, workshops, partnership
opportunities, information about upcoming
national STEM events and StarNet online newsletter.
Partners include the Afterschool Alliance,  
American Library Association's
Public Programs Office,
American Society of Civil Engineers,
Chief Officers of State Library Agencies,
Cornerstones of Science, Education
Development Center, Lunar Planetary
Institute, and many others. I would also
like to just give a shout out to what
we're going to be demonstrating, OpenSpace.
And OpenSpace is also supported
by NASA's Science Mission
Directorate and we'll go to this next
slide. I'm here with Micah Acinapura
our developer here at the American
Museum of Natural History and he will be
taking care of some of the technical
challenges today as to enable me to present.
So OpenSpace is an open-source
software project. It is freely available
thanks to our Science Mission
Directorate funding, the same source of
money that's supporting the the StarNet
Library Alliance. And OpenSpace is
really a project that is a collaboration
that started working since 2002 at
Linkoping University, which is one of
Sweden's leading technical universities.
And a lot of this code has been written
by students doing their master's thesis
projects in OpenSpace. And so we have it
available for Mac and Windows as well as
a Linux version can be compiled. And if
you go to openspaceproject.com
you'll also find tutorial videos to help
get you started. So the American Museum
of Natural History and Linkoping
University and when we received NASA
funding, it enabled a widening of our
partnership to the University of Utah's
Scientific Computing and Imaging
Institute as well as
New York University's Tandon School of
Engineering. So without further ado I
think we will now get started and what
I'd like to do is take you back to
December 21st 1968 and the beginning of
Apollo 8. Wonderful, thank you, Micah.
So I'm gonna take over now and and just be
able to steer the earth into focus and
I'd like to just give a little bit of a
description not only of the mission — okay
so we're running, okay, we're paused
just before launch. And I'd like to just
point out that the mission of Apollo 8,
as bold as it was, was really because
that there were many things at play. The
tumultuous year of 1968 had had so many
things happening — with the assassinations
of Martin Luther King and then after
that, Robert Kennedy, and chaos at
the Democratic National Convention in
Chicago, as well as race riots, and so on
— that was a tremendously difficult year.
Also same year that we endured the Tet
Offensive in Vietnam, really pointing out
that Vietnam was a war that we were
going to be exiting from and trying to
get out from. So a tremendous year of
strife and then all of a sudden at
Christmas Eve we arrived at the Moon.
Apollo 8 was originally just going to be
a test of the giant Saturn V Moon rocket
and to ride this three hundred and sixty
five foot tall rocket just into Earth orbit
there had been an earlier mission in
October, which is Apollo 7, which launched
on the Saturn 1B rocket — smaller, but
it also used third stage of the Saturn V
to actually put it into orbit around the
Earth. And Wally Schirra's crew was able
to test the Apollo spacecraft for the first
time in Earth orbit.
With the success of that mission
they proceeded for Apollo 8 with the
notion of going directly to the Moon.
The lunar module was a little bit not ready
yet it was still overweight and the
Grumman aerospace was taking care of
that on Long Island to make the lunar
module ready for the later flights and
of course the successful landing in July of 1969.
But we also had intelligence
reports we had images of the Soviet N1
Moon booster rocket. Just the same size
as the Saturn V, it was not successful in
its launch attempts — the rocket kept
failing, blowing up, but we did see it on
the pad in the summer of 1968. So
George Low, one of the chief engineers
at NASA, came up with the idea
of launching Apollo 8 directly to the
Moon without the safety of a lunar
module, which of course was necessary in
the Apollo 13 mission in 1970, when
something went wrong on the Apollo
spacecraft in the service module, the
can behind the sort of command module,
the capsule that would return the
astronauts safely to Earth.
So let's pick up now on Apollo 8 and its launch. 
Now what we see here is South America in
this view and we're just about at launch
time and Florida is just emerging, the
East Coast is just emerging into
daylight, and so that we'll see this, it
launched it just a little bit short of
of 8:00 in the morning. So what I'm going
to do is just come over and allow us to
look at — okay, Micah is guiding,
alright this one, okay, very good.
So if I just fade down the clouds —
and the clouds, by the way are not the
clouds of that day in 1968. This is
current data that OpenSpace allows
us to see, and so this is
yesterday's image, essentially of the
Earth taken by the NASA satellite, the
Suomi NPP satellite. The VIII RS sensor
gives us a daily mosaic of the Earth.
So let's just fade that down for a moment
and so we can see at launch time where
Florida and the launch site are just coming into
sunlight and this is all defined by when
they actually two orbits in around the
Earth it will light their engine to take
us to the Moon. So here we are we can see
Florida just coming into view and that —
I think we want to start the clock, okay
just, okay — so we're going to start Apollo
8, oh I'm gonna just slow it down —
okay, okay so press one — okay, so we
started off and for a couple minutes
into the flight let's just come down and
look at this more in profile. We're four
minutes into the flight so leaving Cape
Canaveral and climbing up out of the
atmosphere and you can see that it's
moving in an eastward direction and so
I'm just gonna come down so that we can
look and appreciate how thin the
atmosphere is. So the Saturn V Moon
rocket, the Space Shuttle — all rockets
essentially — first launched vertically to
take them up through the atmosphere and
then once they're through the atmosphere,
they arc over and start to expend their
energy to put them into an orbit around
the Earth at about 17,500 miles an hour
which is lower Earth orbit.
And in the case of going to the Moon, the
Saturn V Moon rocket had to be so large
as to basically launch their fuel supply
in the third stage — they drop away the
first stage, in the second stage, and the
third stage they get up into space — so
that they carry their engine with them
check everything out for the first two
orbits, and then light that third stage
which is to give them enough energy to make
it all the way to the Moon.
So here we see the trajectory reaching up and out
of the atmosphere. I'll bring some of the
clouds back in, and we're paused. And so
now let's see, we're at one so I'm just
going to — now I'm running the clock again
so we are actually running. But at
this point we're going so slowly that
it's really hard to see progress in
this case. I'll bring Florida out a
little bit again so we can see it. Now
let's see, I'm moving along now — if I
press two, well we'll be, I wouldn't go
one minute per second — okay so
come over to our controls and there we
see the climb of Apollo 8 at basically
one minute per second.
And I'm just gonna pause it so that I can
recompose. We see South America, in fact
that's the mouth of the Amazon River in
front of me, and we can now see across
the Atlantic, and I still want to get a
view so that we can still see the
trajectory of Apollo 8 as it flew
eastward. But because of the latitude of
Florida, which is about —or the
latitude of the launch site — which is
about 28 degrees north latitude — it then
starts to, having launched directly east,
we will then arc across Africa down to
about 28 degrees south. It's the
inclination essentially of just
launching directly eastward. We actually
use the rotation of Earth
to give us momentum when
we launch eastward direction, we're actually
carrying that momentum of Earth which
gives us a helpful speed, and so
insofar as the additional rocket engine
burn to actually put them into orbit. So
here we see Africa and I'm going to pull
away a little farther so that we can see
the whole Earth in this case, and the
lighting that was at that time, and we're
just going to now proceed again, this is
one minute per second. Here they are
going across the Sahara, and then this is
Sahel, and then farther down across
Central Africa and into the night.
And so at this point the Saturn V has done
its job: The first stage, second stage, and
third stage, they burn just a little bit
to help them go into an orbit about a
hundred miles above the Earth. And so at
this altitude, they're really just
checking things out. We can now see on
the night side of Earth we can see they
flew just over Perth, Australia, and
coming up right across Brisbane,
Australia, as we can see, and proceeding
back toward the light. But we will see
actually and the lights we can see just
there's a little bit of light out in the
middle of the Pacific and that's Hawaii —
you actually see the lights of Oahu.
And then coming in across Mexico and we
can actually see now that the Earth has
rotated, because as we've taken an
hour and a half to go around the Earth
at low Earth orbit, the Earth has rotated
that much more more or the East Coast
has rotated that much more into the
sunlight. So here we are coming in for
our second orbit and once again checking
things out and this is when they're
preparing and making sure
with Houston that everything is fine for
their "Go" decision to light their rocket
engine to send them to the Moon. I'd like to
also emphasize at this point that all
previous space activities have taken
place basically at this time around this
distance from Earth, a couple
hundred miles away from the ground, just
above the atmosphere. And so if this is
just a couple hundred miles away from
the Earth, we're up above it, that going to
the Moon requires going about a thousand
times farther away. So we're coming up on
on TLI and that's going to happen in just a
second. There's a faint line that
they're just crossing there which is the
International Dateline and I'm gonna
pause this here. Micah, do we have a
specific time? We're gonna go, we're gonna
take you to that exact time when the
burn occurred — and there, just a little
bit farther than I was showing — 
and we can see the lights of
if I just turn us such that we can see
the dawn and again the lights of Hawaii
and this is where they lit their rocket
engine for five minutes to expend the
third stage and that would give them
enough speed to go from 17,500 miles an
hour to 25,000 miles an hour for the
climb up and away. Breaking the Earth's
gravity, essentially traveling at escape velocity
and aimed directly toward their 
rendezvous with the Moon.
So at this point what we'll do
is we're now going to go from from here
and
we're at one second per second right now
so what I'll do is I'll just okay okay
so what I'm doing is I'm just manually
bringing this up what are we at Oh
excellent so this is about 10 times that
speed so we can actually see it moving
but in this case for five minutes they
they lit the engine and when they came
around into the light this time we can
already sort of tell that there were
rising up away from the earth and so at
this point as we come into the light
what I'd like to do I'm just gonna slow
us down bring us back down three two one
now we're actually traveling at the
speed as if that they were I want to
just make sure that when we bring up
just bring up yesterday's weather so
that we can see that and I'd like to
come in a little closer and if I do
we'll come up on the spacecraft that
will see is the Apollo 8 command and
service module here floating and so that
we can get its view as after the
translunar injunction burned so what I'm
going to do I'll speed us up a little
bit more but this is at one second per
second and this is what typically
looking out the International Space
Station you see it going by a stately
pace what we're coming up on as far as
land is that we can see Baja California
and we can also see Mexico coming up and
we see you see the beautiful glow of the
Earth's atmosphere properly represented
here in open space what we're doing or
using a physics-based atmosphere
visualization so we're visualizing the
sky
of light and the thickness of the
atmosphere is true it's only about 20
miles or about 30 kilometers before it
goes to black it trails off
exponentially measurably such that
beyond that that altitude but the
visible line before the blue goes to
black is essentially in about 30
kilometers 20 miles so here we are and
we're still at 1 second per second and
so this is this is the view the
astronauts had I'm gonna speed it up by
a factor of 2 3 4 5 and when I do we can
see the previous orbit which we're now
climbing above and what I'm gonna do is
just turn us around so that we can look
at the earth now the astronauts had
discarded their third stage and so now
it was just the command module and
service module and when they looked back
at Earth they could see that the earth
was getting smaller because they were
climbing higher and higher and so this
is this has been something here I'll
just Pan the spacecraft back in and I'll
just move around the spacecraft in such
a way that we're looking across the
western United States here we can see
the Sea of Cortez Baja California and
then across Mexico and then the Gulf of
Mexico and as the astronauts climbed out
from here they were taking pictures and
that the pictures that you can see in
fact if you'd like to see all of the
Apollo pictures you can go to project
Apollo archived on Flickr and you can
see every picture that was taken by the
Hasselblad cameras that they took the
world's best cameras at the time
photographing on film of course and now
we can see where Florida is once again
I'll just drop the the the weather from
yesterday Lincoln's
we can see Florida where they launch
from and at this point we're climbing
away from Earth after the translunar
injection burn CLI and the astronauts
had had little Jim Lovell and well
commander Frank Borman Jim Lovell had
spent two weeks in a Gemini spacecraft
and their training Bill Anders was the
lunar module pilot and because they
didn't have a lunar module he was sort
of reassigned to taking of becoming the
photographer for the mission so a lot of
the images you see of the moon and so
forth that was his job in fact Earthrise
which we're going to get to and look at
that that Bill Anders was a photographer
but in looking at the earth here if I
just pan from side to side we are above
we're at this point where the earth is
more of a horizon when you're in close
in low-earth orbit and the earth had
started to shrink and so after this
translunar injection burn so now we can
look from coast to coast the United
States from Florida and the East Coast
all the way across maybe Baja California
again we could see California we can see
the Great Lakes just look at this
perspective in fact we can see all the
way up into Canada and the Maritimes we
can see the tip of Greenland and if we
look down we can see Cuba and we can see
Haiti and the Dominican Republic Puerto
Rico and then we can see South America
coming into view and farther across the
ocean will begin to see Africa as well
so we'll speed up a little more so I'm
going up to 10 times and also as they
climb up and away from the earth the
spacecraft is going slower it's it's
pulled by the Earth's gravity even
though it has enough energy
after the translunar injection to escape
the Earth's gravity and so now we can
just and open space I can fit the entire
earth sort of in this view as we see
North America recede now we can begin to
see Africa we bring back the clouds way
the astronauts would have seen near and
so there and the Astros remark about the
difficulty of seeing the geography that
they're as familiar as as they were in
fact the Landers was was was proud of
his knowledge of geography was that how
difficult it was just glancing at the
earth to immediately sort of pick up the
geography over in the upper right what
we're seeing now is the bright area of
the Sahara Desert looking southward we
can see South America but covered with a
lot of clouds especially in the Amazon
basin and then we see some frontal
systems coming off in this case East
Coast as we look back so what I'm gonna
do is let me get rid of the trajectory
for a second so we're just with the
spacecraft now in this view of Earth and
you can see as I started talking about
this the earth was just sort of filling
full width and now it really is
shrinking as as they left the earth so
Apollo 8 was really the first three
humans to leave the earth in and in a
sense traveling escape velocity but on
their on their voyage to the moon and
oddly enough if I once turn around here
and look to where the moon was now the
moon when they launched was just about
new moon so it's basically in line with
the Sun and in fact I'll put the
spacecraft just underneath the moon
right here and so they're traveling off
to where the moon will be in about three
and
days so it does as long as it took them
to get there so like out what I'd like
to do is I'd like to proceed in time now
the earth is almost filling the entire
view or the the vertical dimension here
as well so now we see the earth very
much as a planet and wanted to take us
to the first television transmission it
was about 31 hours into the flight so
just past a day after after they after
they left and so we're going to jump
ahead here on this perspective they had
some issues of the TV broadcast was in
black and white but they had some
difficulty attaching a telephoto lens to
the television camera which they figured
out a little bit later but I have just
over a day into the flight having left
the earth that they will be about
halfway between the earth and the moon
and so they start off fast and then as
as they go farther and further out even
though they're traveling escape velocity
the earth is still kind of slowing them
down so what I'd like to do is is I'm
going to move away from bring the earth
up rotate like this and I'm gonna move
away from the spacecraft for a second
and it will disappear and will go faster
and faster out but I wanted to
demonstrate how far away the moon is and
so we're going to just move around so
that we will whoops there we go
I sort of went the wrong direction but
here if I just bring we can now see the
constellation Orion and we see its belt
and the red right shoulder of Orion well
left in this case we see that red star
Betelgeuse I'll put the earth right
underneath it but we can also see just
moving around between earth and moon you
can see how far away the moon is a
quarter million miles or 400,000
kilometers away from us and as I say
about a thousand times the distance that
all the previous space efforts had taken
place in just a couple hundred miles off
the earth so this is Apollo 8 was about
halfway between the earth and the moon
at this point so let me dive back down
here I'll put the moon sort of in
foreground for us but now I'll proceed
back toward where Apollo 8 is notice how
its Paolo 8 is actually off at a point
not between the Earth and Moon it's
actually on a trajectory that will it's
moving toward where the moon will be and
basically or three-and-a-half days after
launch and so you're not seeing anything
because I'm just I'm closing in on the
spacecraft which is like literally
finding a needle in the haystack there
it is it came in from the side and so
here it is and also another interesting
aspect of Apollo is that out here in
space the spacecraft would actually
rotate so that it didn't get too hot on
one side or too cold on the other so
they called it barbecue mode and we see
a four we see a cluster of four dish
antennas which were typically aimed back
at earth for the communications purposes
so after traveling three and a half days
now let's take us to the approach to the
moon so I'm going to have
my Chi set us up for that and it's
important to point out just what a level
of difficulty this was and the amazement
of the engineering team at NASA in that
launching to the moon they're actually
not aiming directly at the moon but at a
point about sixty miles off the surface
on the leading edge of them yeah if we
can show that this is great so now we're
seeing the moon approach trajectory or
the trail of the spacecraft and that it
was coming in and also we can if I just
look at this we can actually see the
effect of the moon's gravity beginning
to bend the the the path on its way in
to the moon so we're gonna come in close
and we're seeing now this is the far
side but the thing was is that as they
came in they came in darkness so they
didn't actually see the moon on approach
and they would see it only after they're
flying out of communication with the
earth so if I come in close enough now
to the spacecraft at this point that the
the earth has already set and so let's
see so coming in that once the earth
goes behind the moon there's no radio
communication so ten minutes before they
had to do their burn or fire their
rocket engine the big rocket engine on
the back of the service module is to
break is to slow them down
just right with a burn just long enough
to actually put them in an orbit
that's going to and essentially they'll
stay at the moon for ten orbits around
the moon but they're they're flying
backwards essentially with their engine
in the direction of travel so they could
burn the engine and put them into orbit
so 10 minutes before they had to light
their engine
they went into radio silence from Earth
and so they had to carry this out on
their own on the backside of the moon
and so we're gonna come in we'll see the
spacecraft and we also see the rugged
far side of the Moon this is the first
time that that humans had seen the far
side of the moon in fact their first
view of it because they are in so close
at this point was to see the long
shadows that were being cast by the
sunlight on the very Terminator as is
called the different the line between
day and night on the moon so and I read
preceding it one second for a second we
are okay so here as they were going over
the moon before their burn you can see
there is a slight amount of you can
detect the motion here of Apollo 8
around the moon now the famous Earthrise
picture we'll get to but because the
orientation of the spacecraft they
didn't see the earth rise until their
fourth orbit so here we are and we're
going to proceed I guess a little bit to
where they they burn the engine so
proceed let's see it's 10 minutes so why
don't we what should I do you want to
just jump to it every game - ok
so as I say shortly after the the earth
went into essentially the earth set and
they were out of communications The Sun
has hadn't risen and so that Bill Anders
talked about how when he looked at the
moon me he saw that there was nothing
there they saw the Stars once the earth
set was kind of their light source the
Sun had already set that they were in
this this dark quadrant of the moon
essentially not lit by earth or Sun and
so they saw many stars but when they
looked at the earth it just saw or they
looked at the moon they just saw black
we're flying over the where they did
their burn this is on this line here is
actually part of the map so that it
illustrates the in fact the back side of
the moon right in the middle of the
backside of moon and this is where they
fired their rocket engine we have a
little bit of difficulty in rotating the
spacecraft to actually show the engine
and it would be in the opposite
orientation so in the direction of
travel we would have the rocket engine
actually it would be a 180 degrees to
what we see is okay we're three times
the speed I'm gonna bring us back down
to one second per second zero oh there
we go to one second per second so this
is how fast they were going once they
had fired their engine slowed them down
to go into orbit now I can't emphasize
enough the danger in this in this
maneuver because by braking by slowing
down to go into orbit they would then
have to use this rocket engine again
successfully bring them home and so one
design for the mission just had them go
out go around the moon and come right
back home but NASA knew that they would
have to test this engine for the later
flights so they decided that they would
use the rocket engine to go
in orbit around the moon they discussed
well should they stay longer than ten
orbits or just maybe one orbit and Frank
Borman was in favor of I think just one
orbit and coming home but NASA decided
no I would like to take many pictures of
the landing site and so on so they
decided on 10 orbits and from this
perspective this is what the moon really
looks like so these maps just like the
Earth Map that we saw is more recent
data that in this case what we're
looking at for the moon is actually data
that's been taken it's a it's a mosaic
of images from NASA's Lunar
Reconnaissance Orbiter and their
wide-angle camera bets down to about 70
meters per pixel or so and then we also
have the laser altimeter that was on the
Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter that my
many orbits it gets basically aligned it
gives you the profile that we have this
nice elevation map of the moon now that
so that putting together that the image
as well as the elevation allows us to
look at the terrain and what we have
here right now is a lighting it's an
Eastern lighting so that we can we can
see basically the shadows on the terrain
thanks to this map as well so we'll turn
the moon more like a landscape and set
up for the earth rise that as I say the
spacecraft was not oriented properly to
see it until the fourth orbit but in
rotating the moon here sort of flying
low over it just in the same way that we
had been flying previously in all
previous space efforts around the earth
is that while above the earth or in the
moon in this case is that yes we're up
close but still we're at this high
altitude but
everything we sort of see half of the
sky if you will so we see the stars but
then we look down we just see the moon
because they're in so close once again
they are about 60 miles off off the moon
and at this case the first humans to go
there that the first eye is to really
set set on the set their sights on the
moon so what I'd like to do is it has
come out and pull away so that we can
look at the trajectory around the moon
and so we can gain an appreciation of
that altitude that they were and we can
see the the orbit I also want to point
out that this trajectory everything that
we're showing you had to be
reconstructed from various sources us
just beamed up now or actually should I
go one minute
okay let me pull back a little farther
than that yeah one minute yeah okay
so we're now gonna proceed at one minute
per second and I was beginning to just
talk about what it is we're visualizing
here for you is that this path around
the moon while we have records of it
that were written down that an engineer
at NASA Goddard's of science
visualization studio studio Ernie Wright
has put together a lot of these sources
did a lot of work to reconstruct this
trajectory and he's part of this
visualization team to allow us to
actually see where it was we flew we're
passing into the dark again
but on the near Side of the Moon so the
the big circular area we see here is
Mari Crisium and we also see other moiré
features that before going into the dark
side but or the dark night side of the
moon in this case so from Earth we get a
view like this so the moon was a
crescent at the time that Apollo 8 flew
so what I'd like to do is just set up
now for the Apollo Earth earth rise all
the way Reisman orbit for mike is going
to help us here and we're going to also
show you exactly what that looked like
from this perspective with the
trajectory creation and so we've jumped
ahead in time now to this specific event
for broadcast you want to talk about the
broadcast yes
and so we're also going to we're going
to synchronize audio here to allow us to
play the actual audio because NASA
planning everything they knew exactly
where everything was going to be and and
their photography schedule but they
nobody thought about hey let's take a
picture of the earth rise and so they
basically stumbled on this and and Bill
Anders taking pictures you'll actually
hear him remark about seeing the earth
out his window
we're coming up on a crater that's just
up along the horizon called past door
and so we're on the far side of the moon
but as the Earth comes into view that
when I get the radio signals to
communicate back to Houston but also the
astronauts this is the onboard recording
that we'll hear so I'd like to get a
little closer to the spacecraft and now
we actually thanks to Ernie I mentioned
the science visualization studio at NASA
Goddard we also have his reconstruction
here of the pointing of the spacecraft
and we know that because of pictures
that were being taken out one of the
windows automatically and so that gives
us the orientation the spacecraft was
about to do a role as you'll hear from
the audio
okay we're just checking that out make
sure that we have it for you
it's Lincoln
so we're just jumping to make sure the
audio comes through for you all with
this
okay all right it's my good well Mike is
taking care for that just mentioned that
on board the spacecraft they had you
know multiple cameras one of the
Hasselblad was over by the commander's
rendezvous window so they're two windows
that sort of faced forward above the
consulate oh here we go
so we're just syncing that up for you to
hear sorry for the delay
wonderful great and there's a tremendous
video that earning right along with
Andrew Chaikin the author of a man on
the moon did which you can you can watch
that they've put together and they did a
for 4k resolution version that they just
released for this celebration
he was looking down in this direction to
that crater
you can see the spacecraft is rolling
and now there is here
Oh
ketchup
so now inside
the Landry window
yeah what involved
that window is about the size of a human
head
okay
the first picture was black-and-white
250
and we also have the pictures that were
taken I'll show you those that was the
first one in black and white and by the
time they got the color together we can
see that the two color pictures sorry
for talking over just a little bit at
the end of that transmission but you can
see that they were very excited by
seeing this view and really only three
exposures were taken but bill Enders
really knew what he was doing and the
famous one was the second one the earth
above the limb and that had never been
seen like this before in a sense of
humans haven't seen it
even though lunar orbiter had taken a
picture a couple of years before
electronically and digitally sending
that back to earth that this was really
the first view of Earth rise ever seen
and seeing the Earth rising above a
lunar landscape in the way that we're so
familiar seeing the moon rise above an
earthly landscape this interior scan
I'll try to just move a little bit in
away from the window is thanks to the
Smithsonian allowing the freely
distributing their three-dimensional
scan of the Apollo spacecraft so if I
there's the front rendezvous window and
then we can look across the console that
this is actually Apollo 11 so Columbia's
module the Columbia spacecraft but they
were virtually identical so we're using
the scan to give you a view of the
interior of and that's the hatch window
and but these windows here emceeing
Earthrise so what we had a funny comment
that Peter said calm down level always
makes him laugh well shit we probably
laughed a hundred times at that putting
together
presentation right so this is Anders
telling a level to calm down so what
we're gonna do now I think is well we'll
go back outside the spacecraft and and
well we're gonna go to the beginning of
their television broadcast and so in
this case we're gonna sync up the audio
as well and so this is on their last
orbit they're coming around Earth had
just risen so this is this is now
multiple orbits later but the astronauts
described the moon and their view of it
and so first Frank Borman then Jim
Lovell then Bill Anders and then the
broadcast was long and with some dead
times here and there so we've edited
this will show you just the beginning
and they describe and then the end with
their message to earth
oh wait this is the second broadcast
okay just want to make sure yeah okay so
we're we're just going to reset here for
a second the spacecraft is roughly the
correct orientation it was aimed
somewhat northward so that they could
get a good camera view with television
camera which is black and white those
color pictures of Earth rise of course
had to wait for the film to be developed
back on earth after they they got back
so one can look at the broadcasts on on
YouTube that are black and white but
here we'll see the audio
Frank Borman talking man
so so we wanted to break at this point
just to do an edit as we're getting
short on time but we're also we want to
bring you up to the dramatic closing of
their television broadcast NASA well
when they asked NASA what do you want us
to say NASA merely said say something
appropriate so we'll go to the end of
the broadcast they also had technical
difficulties such as the TV cutting in
and out as we just heard the voice of
control you only actually might go thing
to turn the accurate normals off for a
moment that's great and so we will now
proceed think back Peter
right behind the spacecraft is is what
bill was describing that grill using the
spacecraft as our pointer here Jim
Lovell
this is Apollo control Houston the
speakers in the order that they read
from what we believed to be chapters
from Genesis for Bill Anders and Jim
Lovell and close out with Frank Borman
Fitz was a biblical and geological
lesson that none of us will forget at 86
hours and nine minutes into the flight
this is Apollo control Houston so with
that the crew of Apollo 8 read from
Genesis and prepared
one more trip around the backside we'll
do that now and and watch as Apollo 8
lit its engine on the backside and
climbed away from the moon successfully
bringing them back to earth so mike is
just gonna help us I think proceeding
toward that but they went into darkness
and this crescent moon seen from the
earth and then on their on their final
orbit lighting the engine so that they
could climb back the trans earth
injection so just as we had to do a
trans lunar injection burn here we can
see the path of the spacecraft and we
can see the previous orbits if we just
move out in such a way like so that we
can see and but at this point the
spacecraft is is firing its engine area
Joe
one second for a second so at this point
they are firing their engine I am a pro
grade manner so the nose is pointed
forward and that if I just pull out so
that we can see the previous orbits and
that will will now go for one second
yeah one minute per second that we will
now speed up but we will also be able to
see how that orbit the increase in
velocity allows them to pull away and
climb up away from the moon on a
trajectory that will arc and the moon
will continue to sort of shape their and
their orbit at this point but coming
around in this way
I'd only recenter this just a little bit
that we can now see the trajectory
extending up away from from the moon
they had flown over a crater that has a
dark flooring to it called silk off ski
and the Russians named co-con ski
because they were the first to visit the
backside take a picture of the backside
with a video camera in 1959 so here we
see every scene climbing away all right
so with this I would just want to thank
you all for watching us on the
presentation here and on this 50th
anniversary of splashdown day the first
successful nor the first trip really to
the moon with humans it didn't land but
in orbiting the moon coming back and
setting up for the success of the later
missions and the landing on the moon so
thank you very much and we'll just let
this play out a little bit as as we go
riding back to earth great
I'm gonna speed up again one hour per
second yeah just look back to where the
earth is yeah there's earth it's shot
out in front but we'll Ark back to where
where the earth is we see here the
churning because I now have one hour per
second okay so I'm going to I'll just
stop that and welcome goes to the
spacecraft
yeah okay very good thank you
thanks all
