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advanced videos Hello Friends  in the last
lecture we have said that the gas can be
also liquefied by giving a particular
pressure and lowering the temperature so
now based on that theory we are now
going to learn about what is Linda's
process of liquification of air so let
us learn about it
so now as you could see that we are now
talking about Linda's process of
liquification of air in this it states
that Linda's process is known as
aromatic expansion of a compressed gas
and what does it means we are we are now
going to talk it about later right now
so the principle is the process is based
upon joule-thompson effect so this
principle is based upon Joule Thomson
effect and what is mm effect actually
joule-thomson effect is nothing but when
a gas under high pressure is allowed to
expand adiabatically through a fine hole
in a region of low pressure so it is now
accompanied by cooling so what happens
is actually when a gas which has been
compressed or which is being pressurized
at high pressure so when it is now being
it it releases from being a small hole
from where now it enters in a area where
or now it enters in a space where it has
low pressure so now what happens the gas
which was being pressurized or which was
mean get heated up due to pressure high
pressure so what happens is when
entering through a small hole and
allowing itself to accommodate its space
where the pressure is very much low so
what happens is the gas will turn the
hot gas will now turn into a cold gas so
this process is nothing known as joules
thoughts and effect so now let us move
back to or what we are talking about
that is a deal in this process of
rectification of air so this process let
me give a small synopsis so we see this
is the set up where a small set up just
to make you understand that how the
diffusion of air is been possible so
this is the set up where it is been
connected through various various pipes
which in this a pump is also connected
this zigzag pipes are busy this is the
exact lines are nothing but the coins
that I have drink presented in that form
and these are the tubes and this is the
whole vessel where the diffusion of air
takes place so let me give you a small
clip support that how does this works or
how does the linda's process takes place
so this a is nothing but the entrance or
the inlet of the air and as you know
that and consists of for many guesses
like nitrogen oxygen and various gases
so in this case we have to convert that
gas under high pressure into a a liquid
state so what happens is suppose if we
are entering the air and the air is
entering in the pump that is a vacuum
pump as we could say that is I will be
denoted by B and the atmospheric
pressure that has been maintained that
is more than 100 atmosphere so what
happens is this gas that is air it will
pull towards the pump and at a
atmosphere of that is at a pressure of
100 atmosphere more than hundred
atmospheres should be pull inwards and
what happens is the gas we can't heat
about the air we get heater it was at
high pressure what happens is if you
provide more pressure to the yes then
the care then the case will get heated
up so this gas which is now being heated
should be now cooled so what happens is
we are now allowing it to pass through
the coins so this is a coin where
denoted by C so this is the point where
the air gets cool
and as you know that when air gets cool
basically when the end is getting
condensed the hot air is begin to
condense so do it turn to in a liquid
state so it is not necessary that the
pen decisions should be pure why because
it is a tremendous amount of heat that
for cooling this coil we need a water
so therefore the water is been supplied
in this coil so as to cool the air and
what happens is when the air gets
condensed so in the air basically the h2
is also present so in this case the h2o
first gets liquefied because it is
getting condensed so it will get
condensed in a container known as D so
what happens is we are not liquefying
that particular water so this H 2 will
be liquefied and it will be released
through the day but the gas is not been
liquefied yet there will be the presence
of air which is now out of bch true
because we have removed the h2o from the
overall air or
so h2 has been released or as s2 has
been separated so this case of what we
could see is that the air which is again
will be passed through this coil and
this coin is basically made up of copper
so this copper coil has a small hole in
it so this hole which allows basically
to enter in a vessel and this is a
vessel basically the F F is a vessel or
you could say it as a flask so f is
basically a vessel but you could see
that there is no pressure has been
applied or the pressure is very much low
compared to that of the 100 atmospheric
pressure so what happens is the area
that we have got so the more the area is
more the volume and the pressure will be
low so what happens is the gas that
would enter from here now automatically
gets cooled because it is obeying two
thumbs and if it and we have recently
have studied in that what is Joule
Thomson effect so in this case what
happens is the gas which is missing it a
hot yes our hot air that has been passed
through this whole setup will now be
getting good and about that few will be
getting basically liquefied so this
liquefied gas will get deposited down
this flux and for example again suppose
if the flask is not containing all the
liquefied air so what happens is the air
will again enter in this tube and again
this and will again be accompanied by
the hundred atmospheric pressure of this
pump this pump will allow 300
atmospheric pressure to the air and
again the gas or the again the air will
be passed through this coil known as C
again it will pass through D and a very
simply fucking there is a possibility of
water so again that would be subject or
that could be collected so this will
process this process will go on
continuing and it all the that we have
passed will be liquefied so this all the
gas will be liquefied so this process of
condensation of the air by by using a
high-pressure pump or head now by
the process known as all by the
phenomena that is for cooling and that
processes been obeyed by there is a
Joule Thomson effect so this two
phenomenons that it occurs makes the air
now being condensed to a liquid state so
this was the overall thing of the
condensation of the air and obviously
that it happens because of the
intermolecular force of attraction again
this is a theory that we are going to
talk about use what happens is air which
has the molecules basically separated
from each other with a huge distance so
what happens if we try to pressurize it
so that kind of pressure will allow the
molecules to come closer to each other
and that distance that is now very much
less as compared to the an ordinary gas
if we allow those gas to get tendance
with each other or to have a more
intermolecular force of attraction which
makes them to get liquefied for a longer
state and hence in this case it has been
made in because of high pressure and low
temperature because the temperature has
also cooled now so at high pressure and
low temperature gas the case can be
liquefied so this process was basically
known as and in this process of
liquidation of air a very much simple
but the set up is very much acted to do
so I hope you have understood this very
clearly so yes share this word with the
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