quantum mechanics is the most amazing
part of the physics amazing because
everything happens here is totally
counterintuitive to the human experience
but what's really make it so special is
him and yes I am talking about
Heisenberg's uncertainty principle in
1927 when a Heisenberg did an amazing
discovery he said that you can never
find the position and momentum of an
electron accurately no matter how
advanced your technology is
mathematically this principle looks like
this here the Delta X is the uncertainty
in position Delta P is the uncertainty
in momentum and H is the Planck's
constant this formula says that when you
try to find the position of the quantum
object you are messing with its momentum
and vice versa we can explain this
principle in many ways but today I'm
going to explain it in terms of wave particle duality
Let's talk about
particle
particle can exist at only one place
in certain frame of time so it has
a definite position but by just looking
at the particle you can never tell about
its momentum on the other hand wave have
no position because it spreads
everywhere like a ripple in water but by
measuring its wavelength you can get its
momentum by using de Broglie relationship
but to get a real picture of quantum
object we'll have to add both the
particle and wave perspective and for
that we use a trick we assume that the
particle can have the possibility of
having different momenta different
momentum means different waves and
different waves means different
wavelength and by adding all these waves
we can get to know something about its
position too but remember while adding
waves amplitude in same direction adds
up while the amplitude in opposite
direction cancels out if we add all
these waves we'll get a shorter wave
shorter because it cancels out
everywhere else this is called a wave
packet it behaves both like a particle
and a wave length of a wave packet
represent the uncertainty in position
and the number of waves added represent
the uncertainty in momentum to get more
precise value opposition we will have to
add more number of waves which will
result in to the less precision in
momentum and the less of the number of
waves more precision in the momentum but less precision in the position so by
considering this you can never find the
position and the momentum of a quantum object both at the same time
thanks for
watching the video
