[Music]
the mysterious moon from the beginning
of recorded time people have gazed up at
the mysterious moon and came up with all
sorts of explanations for what it is how
it was formed and what it does for us
down below on earth when the space
program sent Rovers probes and people to
the moon they brought back rocks and
loads of information about many aspects
of our only natural satellite they also
brought back questions does the science
support the standard explanations or are
there clues to more mysterious truths
from when the moon was formed to its
material makeup and whether it's really
just a chunk of orbiting rock or
something else entirely these mysteries
captivate the mind and imagination how
old is the moon there are no ancient
mysteries hiding away on mountaintops to
tell us the day the moon first appeared
in the sky above Earth there are no
mysterious scrolls tablets or cave
paintings to herald its appearance the
moon was always known to be much older
than recorded history much older than
dinosaurs or even the first protozoa to
wiggle around in the primordial ooze now
it seems the moon is even older than
anyone originally thought when you
consider the huge amount of time
involved with creating moons and planets
timing can be tricky scientists used
known radioactive decay rates to
calculate age based on lunar samples
they also determined scenarios that
would make a moon form and all the
regularly accepted moon formation method
was a collision of some planet size
chunk with earth this impact melted
Earth's crust drove heavier metals like
iron down to the core and broke off
pieces that eventually coalesced into
the moon this best guess for moon
formation and the careful study of
zircon crystals and lunar dust collected
during the Apollo missions puts the
birthday of the moon back at 4.5 1
billion years ago
that's just sixty million years after
the solar system was born however
further analysis of other moon rocks and
dust point to an even earlier creation
date some rocks have been dated using
various radioactive decay methods to be
5.3 billion years old and scientists
have found dust that seems to be six
billion years old clinging to them the
real origin of moon rock it makes sense
that the rocks found on the moon and
brought back by lunar astronauts
actually came from the moon itself other
viable explanation is that they
originated as part of asteroids or other
space rocks hitting the moon and causing
all those famous craters the origin of
moon dust which was also brought back by
the first astronauts in large quantities
should have the same origin story right
the commonly held belief was that the
dust was formed from the rock shifting
around and breaking much as sand is
formed on earth from larger pebbles and
rocks the mysteries surrounding the moon
extend to it's very rocks and dust which
are not at all what people expected in
fact the moon rocks and dust were so
different they could not have come from
the same place after all
to add another layer of mystery some
rocks from the moon our magnetic some of
the rocks retrieved from the lunar
surface include metals that are only
created on earth by actual human
assisted processes
these include brass zinc copper alloy
uranium 236 a waste material from
nuclear fuel and neptunium 237 another
waste material of plutonium creation in
nuclear reactors how does the waste
products created during nuclear research
and fuel production end up in rocks on
the moon in contrast to the unique
properties of some lunar rocks the dust
tracked in and gathered by the
astronauts seems quite commonplace it
consists mainly of silicon dioxide glass
iron calcium and magnesium all these
minerals are naturally found on earth
and can also be the result of meteorite
impacts
the moon's lighter core like other
orbiting bodies in our solar system the
moon most likely formed from gravity and
rotation pulling debris and dust
together to form a relatively spherical
shape this action is a unique side
effect of moving heavy materials to the
core of a planet or moon and keeping the
lighter ones closer to the surface this
is why the earth hasn't fired core for
example however contrary to prevailing
expectations the moon did not follow the
same path like the earth the moon as a
crust mantle and core each layer holds
different types of materials there are a
few reasons why some researchers suppose
that the moon's core is lighter than it
should be and does not follow the same
patterns as others we have the most
research about the lunar surface after
all from probes and rocks brought back
by astronauts the rocks on the surface
of the Moon hold what are known as
refractory elements these include the
very heavy metal titanium iron and
uranium why are they still on the
surface of the Moon after all these
billions of years another question stems
from the lack of a magnetic field earth
has one because of the iron core moon
may have had one of the far past but no
longer does however surface rocks had
some magnetic properties these two
things point to some incredible event
that pulled the metals to the surface of
the Moon thus destroying or disrupting
the magnetic field surrounding it what
this event could have been remains a
mystery clouds and vapor water the
atmosphere surrounding earth is full of
water vapors and clouds all the time
this gives us weather systems and
facilitates the life-giving water cycle
however there's no real atmosphere on
the moon so no possible water vapor
flying around that's what many
scientists would believe until a very
odd occurrence on March 7th 1971
what passes for the atmosphere up there
is actually called an exosphere because
of the huge amount of space between the
gases that make it up
nothing bumps into each other or mixes
because there are only about a hundred
molecules of various gases in a
centimeter as opposed to the 100 billion
billion found around Earth this lack of
atmosphere should make clouds impossible
we do not see any when we look up
through telescopes and the astronauts
saw non while walking around up there
when astronauts went to the moon they
collected rocks and other samples and
left instruments behind to record
various things and sent data back to
NASA on earth one of these recorded
these stunning occurrence in 1971 a
cloud around 100 square miles in
diameter of water vapor gathered and
floated over the lunar surface for about
14 hours before vanishing again this
appearance coincided with several moon
quakes and liquid water bursting forth
from geysers in various locations on the
surface of the Moon rocks with magnetic
properties many of the rocks of the
server's of the moon contained unusual
metals that are usually more
concentrated near the cores of planetary
bodies another characteristic that
followed this path was the magnetic
properties of those same rocks the
Earth's core for example is magnetic the
iron and other metals that make it up
would have magnetic properties and you
somehow drag them up to the surface and
wave them around some bits of metal on
the moon the rocks that share these
characteristics were just lying about on
the ground for astronauts to pick up and
take home with them perhaps the most
unusual facts surrounding these rocks is
that the moon itself does not have a
magnetic field the Earth's magnetic
field helps to block or repel the
dangerous charged particles flying off
the Sun and across space in the solar
wind the moon does not have that type of
protection so where the magnetic rocks
come from there are two theories about
where the rocks got their magnetism
first scientists theorized that the moon
used to have a magnetic field but
something catastrophic happened that
destroyed it perhaps a massive asteroid
or meteorite
into the moon in the shockwaves
displaced the core materials perhaps it
had high magnetic properties and pulled
the iron to the surface
another theory states that the
magnetized rocks did not originate on
earth or the moon or even the ancient
planet that slammed into one to form the
other alien theories abound when it
comes to the mysteries of the moon
perhaps they're more accurate than
science might think the volcanic
explanation when you look up at the moon
overhead at night it's easy to see the
many craters decorating its surface you
do not need a powerful telescope to
notice that it's not flat and smooth
most craters up there were formed from
asteroids and other space rocks slamming
into the moon's crust and making impact
marks rocks and dust spewed up around
them to form the rough edges not all the
craters formed due to the impact from
the outside however quite a few
originated it on the inside of the rocky
sphere what caused these big pits and
holes to form similar craters exist on
earth at the top of dormant volcanoes
but the moon itself was long said to
have had no volcanic eruptions at all
this was generally thought to be true
because the moon was supposedly
too cold at all times in the past for
volcanic activity some recent research
challenges this claim however for
approximately 100 million years before
our Moon's succumb to the coldness of
space it was potentially quite active
with volcanoes and lava fields these
heated up the moon itself and may have
even contributed some type of volcanic
ash cloud atmosphere the most recent
volcanic vents have been shown to be
about ten million years old as space
telescopes and photography get more
detailed more unique characteristics of
the moon surface are coming to life
however many of the strange channels
openings in the surface and inverted
craters cannot be explained away by
ancient volcanoes
although lava flows and eruptions may
have helped shape the moon they cannot
be responsible for all the mysterious
anomalies found there
mass cons of the moon the word mass Khan
is formed by combining mass and
concentration they are defined as
particular dense or heavy structures or
collections of matter that create a
stronger gravitational pull than the
surrounding material on the moon there
are unusual lunar mass guns that make
some part of the land have more gravity
than others due to the stronger
gravitational pull of the mass guns on
the moon considerable problems with
planning the Apollo missions occurred
was there some reason behind where these
spots show up on the lunar surface or
are they just matters of chance
determined by how it was formed
although they could have natural origins
based on the random collection of
heavier rocks or metal deposits in an
area the ones on the moon have some
characteristics that create a mystery
when an asteroid or another space rock
hits the surface it creates not only a
crater but shock waves that redistribute
the materials in the crust in concentric
rings the heavier the material the
shorter distance it travels away from
the point of impact
this makes unique patterns of gravity in
these areas the mystery arises when you
find out that rings around craters do
not account for many of the mass guns
instead they're found in the moon's
Maria the heavy flat deposits that form
the darker planes on the surface the
gravitational access comes from large
circular masses not on the surface of
the moon but buried between 20 and 40
miles underneath it the regularity of
these objects and their positioning
under the Maria instead of in craters
suggests some type of artificial origin
are these mysterious discs some type of
extraterrestrial construction were they
intended to upset the normal
gravitational pull or is there just a
side effect of their mass moon quakes
and geysers with no unbalanced core no
volatile atmosphere and no volcanic
activity it seems like the moon should
be nothing more than a dead hunk of rock
orbiting our planet however this is not
totally true
every year hundreds of moonquakes happen
and are recorded by lunar researchers
some may occur due to meteors hitting
the surface and creating a concussion
shockwave through part of the crust some
remain unexplained
not only does the moon shake about for
no obvious reason there's also plenty of
reports of geysers or gas eruptions at
various spots on the observable side of
it Nikolay a closer of the professional
Soviet astronomer reported in a 1958 one
such eruption besides a plume of
material coming off the lunar surface he
also said that a red glow accompanied it
about five years later astronomers at
the Lowell Observatory witnessed similar
glows on another part of the moon's
surface what makes these eruptions so
intriguing is the fact that no volcanic
activity is supposed to have occurred
there for millions of years
however these identical red lights have
no other possible scientific explanation
the overwhelming opinion is that these
rare yet important events are not the
last geological blasts of a cooling moon
but instead something much more
mysterious the audit radioactive rocks
strange gravitational anomalies the
light or non-existing core and possibly
buried masses much denser than the
surrounding rock all lead to the idea
that there's some intelligent force at
work on our closest space neighbor could
these geysers red lights and even the
moon quakes be the result of something
taking place on the scene below the
surface is the moon Hollow well some
theory state that the core of the Moon
is lighter than the upper mantle and
crust others believe that it's
completely Hollow and steady
this might sound fantastical to the
average person but some very real
science backs up the idea also some of
the more mysterious characteristics of
our orbiting natural satellite
contribute to the idea that some or all
of the interior basically consists of
cavities and caverns
earth has a mean density of 5.5 grams
per cubic centimeter the moon measures
in at only 3.3 grams per cubic
centimeter which makes it much less
dense than expected when newer modules
and people started going to the moon the
amount of data gathered was considerably
enough for the even NASA scientists to
take notice of the unusual properties
dr. Gordon McDonald stated in 1962 that
after poring over the astronomical data
collected that it all pointed toward a
hollow interior rather than one filled
with rocks and minerals
dr. Harold Urey a noble chemist put
forth the idea that the moon had much
lower density because the interior was
filled with empty cavities dr. Sean C
Solomon from MIT suggested the
frightening possibility that the moon
might be Hollow why he found this
frightening was not explained unless it
opened up his mind to the thought that
the empty space within the moon was
being used for some purpose Carl Sagan
wrote in his book intelligent life in
the universe that a natural satellite
cannot be a hollow object instead of
suggesting that the moon could not be
hollow because it was simply a
conglomeration of space rock and dust he
intimated that it was not actually a
natural celestial body at all echoes in
the moon one of the most compelling
pieces of information that leads to the
idea that they moon has a low-density
lightweight core or as completely Hollow
was the time in 1969 when it turned into
a giant echoing bell on November 20th of
that year part of the ascending
machinery of the lunar module was
jettisoned away from the rest of the
craft as intended by the crew it flew
away from the landing site of the Apollo
12 space vehicle and landed
approximately 40 miles away when it
landed of course it made quite an impact
with the surface this triggered a
man-made moon quake that shook the lunar
surface for over an hour
a similar moon quake occurred when the
Apollo 13 third-stage boosters were
purposely directed at the moon
to retest for the same results the
scientists were not disappointed not
only was there a quake in both of these
situations but the moon itself was also
said to ring or reverberate like a bow
it is not only the metal that creates a
bell that makes a ring it's the empty
space inside that makes the echoes and
reverberations bounce back and forth for
an extended period of time
if the moon rang like a bow it seems
that its structure must be quite similar
the data collected after the Apollo 13
contact showed echoes and reverberations
that traveled through 25 miles of the
moon's crust and lasted for more than
three hours the length and depth of this
unique phenomenon point directly to the
moon having a hollow interior strange
metallic properties the heavy metals and
other minerals found in the rocks that
litter the surface of the moon showed
unusual properties not found anywhere on
earth
besides this fact other material
surprises occurred when astronauts
attempted to drill down into the moon's
Moorea the term maria plural for mayor
and meaning see was first used by
astronomers of old who believed the dark
patches on the moon were actually oceans
instead they're mostly flat plains of
dense stone the astronauts inability to
drill effectively points to the moon's
crust being particularly hard and dense
while some of the maria services contain
regular rocks like basalt they were also
found to have very unusual metallic
properties that the researchers did not
expect these flat dark places on the
lunar surface are mostly created from a
mineral called eliminate this is a
compound that has as its base a large
quantity of titanium which is one of the
hardest metals available on earth
in fact it's so strong that it's
frequently used to create the structure
of high-powered airplanes like the sr-71
blackbird and submarines that dive to
considerable depths the unusual patches
of surface eliminate scattered across
the moon's surface
raise questions about why
this heavy-metal is so commonly found
there and where exactly it came from
other strange metallic properties on the
surface of the Moon include uranium 236
and neptunium 237 also iron was found in
some quantities but not the type of iron
we have here on earth instead these
particles were unique in that they could
not rust all three of these elements do
not have natural origins based on what
we know from gathering data on our own
planet how the moon was formed although
a few theories about how the moon was
created make more sense than others
there's no shortage of intriguing birth
stories surrounding our natural
satellite well before we sent men up
there to gather evidence some of the
ideas just do not hold up today you
cannot discount the idea that the moon
is actually an artificial construct or
some type of large spacecraft park to
observe earth for some reason other
theories include the moment starting out
as a piece of the earth that broke off
for some unexplained reason that the
moon is simply a conglomeration of small
rocks and space dust floating around
after the creation of the earth the moon
was a separate entity attracted to its
current orbit by Earth's gravity or that
something massive slammed into the earth
and its remains augmented the Earth's
shape and form the moon separately there
are problems with each of these theories
first there's no explanation for a part
of the earth suddenly breaking off and
forming the moon why this would happen
makes little sense based on commonly
known information about planetary
formation while other moons of the solar
system were formed by small space rocks
and dust our moon is considerably larger
in relationship to the planet than any
other in existence there's no reason why
earth would have a greater quantity of
orbiting rocks and dust in its early
years no evidence backs up the
gravitational pull theory either with
larger celestial bodies around why would
the moon be attracted to earth instead
of into its own orbit around the Sun
orbital strangeness an elementary-school
model of the solar system probably shows
the planets moving around the Sun and
the moon around the earth and roughly
circular orbits the truth is that most
really follow an elliptical pattern the
moon's path does not follow this unusual
path however instead it's much more like
the childhood models its path is nearly
a perfect circle
besides spinning around its planet at an
almost equal distances on all sides the
moon does another weird thing that other
moons and planets do not instead of
rotating faster or slower it does so at
the exact speed to always have the same
side facing earth all objects have mass
and therefore some type of gravitational
pull at the center of their masses this
gravity center is not always at the
physical center point of the orb which
would cause the object to wobble other
moons around other planets that have
this wobble are not spherical because
centrifugal force pulls part of the
material away from the center point an
off-center point
creates off center mass accumulation
here is where Earth's moon gets weird
again the gravitational center isn't
inside the middle of the Moon at all
instead it's much much closer to earth
in fact it's in between the empty space
between itself and Earth this keeps it
in the front-facing orbit somehow it
does so without wobbling at all these
coincidences and strange formations are
so unlikely that they seem contrived
rather than a simple chance occurrence
perfect diameter of the moon if you look
around the solar system at the other
planets and their moons you see that
they all share a common characteristic
the moons are much smaller than the
planet they orbit Earth and its moon
however have a strange correlation of
size that seems to be more than mere
coincidence its diameter and its
distance away from the earth make it
perfectly able to block out the Sun
during a solar eclipse
the moon is approximately 2160 miles in
diameter the earth is seven thousand
nine hundred fifteen miles across well
there are much larger moons such as
Ganymede at 3274 miles in diameter it
orbits a much more massive planet
Jupiter the relatively close size
comparison between Earth and our moon is
quite unusual in fact some scientists
say that if the Moon and Earth orbit at
each other or shared in orbit around the
Sun they would be sister planets instead
of planet and moon the unusually large
size is not only odd on its own but also
because the moon is the perfect size to
cover the entire Sun size when it comes
between Isaac Asimov stated that there's
no real reason for this to be true it's
unique and only through the sheerest of
coincidences that this is true flashes
of lunar light as far back into the past
as the Year 1540 astronomers and various
scientists have reported visible flashes
of light on the surface of the Moon
these observances come not from some
obscure unknown person on a forgotten
scroll or tablet but some of the most
respected minds of early days they
include Plato Vela
Aristarchus Aristophanes Rabbi Levi and
Poseidonis NASA itself filed reports of
these light anomalies in 1967 a year
prior to their crafts landing on the
surface these mysterious lights are not
only observed through high-powered
telescopes but also directly by the
astronauts on their approach to the moon
some surmise they might be small meteors
or space junk hitting the moon and
exploding others believe they have
something to do with volcanic activity
or gaseous Jets erupting from the
surface the extra-terrestrial
explanation increases in popularity
because of the lack of other ideas that
actually fit the phenomenon there's more
to these flashes of light than
short-lived bursts that could be space
rock explosions during in 1847 lunar
eclipse luminous points of light were
observed by astronomer
Sir John Herschel he also reports lights
that move across the surface a
considerable distance some lights were
white others yellow and even blue
although a dark spot instead of a light
another example of transient lunar
phenomenon are the dark fast Walker
spots that seemed to fly across the
surface of the Moon unexplained natural
phenomenon on the moon covers a wide
range of topics from a hollow core to
moon quakes to mysterious moon rock
metals and flashing and flying lights
and objects NASA and other images of the
moon have revealed even more unusual
mysteries after careful observation and
research there appears to be several
artificial structures built on the
moon's surface
number one artificial crater bridges
John J O'Neill amateur astronomer looked
through his telescope and found
something out of this world the date was
July 29th 1953 and the structure he
found was a bridge that stretched 12
miles across one of the moon's large
craters dr. H P Wilkins professional
astronomer in England also saw it and
simply said it looks artificial number 2
The Shard obelisk near the Curt surface
section stands another mysterious
structure this time the shard which is a
one and a half mile tall obelisk sticks
out of the rocky surface of the Moon dr.
Bruce Cornett researched the photos
brought back by 1968 orbiter three space
vehicle and stated no known natural
process can explain number three the
tower
if the shard was not big enough the moon
also holds a structure called the tower
it soars five miles above the surface
and has been photographed multiple times
by NASA and the cameras on the lunar
orbiter spacecraft apparently
constructed out of huge cubes D towering
structure has no possible natural
explanation
is the moon a spaceship or the ancient
home of aliens unusual space rocks
flashing lights and structures seemingly
created by intelligent hands all
combined to form one of the most
intriguing questions of all when it
comes to the rock that orbits the earth
is our moon a spaceship or some type of
base for extraterrestrial life now or in
the far past
well some people dismiss the idea is
silly a mounting number of pieces of
evidence point to not only a very
unusual beginning but ongoing anomalies
that simply do not seem natural when you
combine it with the long ago tales of
time before the moon existed it starts
to make sense that at some point our
lunar companion was brought here by
either an outrageous phenomenon or
intelligent life-forms these stories
were found in both ancient Greece and
Rome such noted in alack des Aristotle
Plutarch and Ovid all recorded tales of
the prowl ins a group of people who
lived in Arcadia which itself lied in
the mountains of Greece these real
people staked their claim on the
surrounding land because as they
explained their ancestors had been there
before the moon showed up in the night
sky other evidence of a late arriving
moon comes from Bolivia where in the
ancient symbolic depictions of the
courtyard of calluses Iowa it's reported
that the moon appeared approximately 11
to 13 thousand years ago collected
scientific data supports this theory and
nothing exists currently to disprove it
the long list of mysteries that surround
the moon may never be solved
unequivocally although there are plans
to send more men up there to walk across
the lunar surface once more will the
information they gather with today's new
technology account for all the strange
facts and phenomena the moon holds the
truth about the magnetic rocks
hollow-core misplaced metals water vapor
clouds moon quakes and mysterious
flashes of light may remain in the realm
of the unexplained while scientists make
theories and contradict each other
others believe in
more alien explanation whatever the
causes clues and conclusions the moon
remains a very mysterious and enigmatic
neighbor in space thanks for watching
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