The present invention relates in general to computer systems, and, more particularly, to apparatuses for sharing memory among multiple processors.
Multiprocessor computer systems have been commercially available for the past 30 years. Typical systems have multiple processors connected, through a variety of connection fabrics, to a single, shared memory system. Likewise, all input and output (IO) devices are connected to the multiple processors through a single IO channel. The operating system for these typical SMP systems is a single Operating System that has been parallelized to run over the processor complex.
Several disadvantages, inherent in such a system structure have prevented the systems from effectively scaling past 5 to 8 processors and have greatly elongated product delivery schedules. Those disadvantages are: 1. All memory requests must go though the connection fabric whether the data being requested is shared by multiple processors or only used by one processor, creating a bottleneck in the memory connection fabric; 2. The Operating System must be parallelized; 3. The parallel Operating System creates a great deal of extra memory requests; 4. All IO requests must go through the IO channel creating a bottleneck.
In recent years, distributed memory computers, such as Massively Parallel Processors, Clusters, and networked systems have emerged as potential solutions for the disadvantages of SMPs. Common applications of such networks include distributed computing environments, client-server systems, and server clustering implementations. In a typical LAN, information to be passed from one computer to another computer via the network is first transferred from an application running on the transmitting computer's processor to a device driver: an operating system level, software-based object. The device driver assembles the message to be transferred into packets conforming to the protocol to be used for data transmission (such as conventional TCP/IP or IPX/SPX protocols).
These packets are transferred by the device driver to a conventional network card, such as a 10 or 100 megabit-per-second Ethernet network card. The network card then transmits the data over the physical layer of the network, where a similar network card on the receiving computer captures it. This captured data is then transferred to a similar software-based device driver on the receiving computer. This device driver will typically reconstruct the message sent by the transmitting computer, by decoding and unpacking the individual protocol packets transferred over the physical layer. The reconstructed message is then made available to an application running on the receiving computer.
As can be seen from the foregoing description, one disadvantage of such typical LAN systems is the delays imposed, on both the transmitting and receiving ends, from the presence of software-based layers, such as operating systems network device and transmission protocol drivers.
The present invention overcomes the limitations of the prior art systems. The invention significantly reduces the bottlenecks in both the memory connection fabric and the IO channel and eliminates the requirement to parallelize the Operating System and maintain the standard load/store (read/write). The invention also eliminates the requirement to pass messages between processors hence significantly reducing the data transfer times.
USPTO Backgrounds
USPTO Backgrounds