A device and method for performing a carrier recovery and especially a device and method for performing carrier recovery by calculating a sine and a cosine of a correction angle and rotating a received signal accordingly.
Modems enable information to be transferred over telephone lines or other communication links. A carrier signal is modulated by information and is sent, via a path, from a transmitting modem to a receiving modem. A common method of modulation is the PAM in which both the phase and the amplitude of the carrier signal are modulated. Each modem is characterized by a group of allowable transmitted symbols. This group is commonly known as a constellation.
The carrier signal is generated by a signal generator within the transmitting modem, while the receiving modem has another signal generator, that generates a carrier recovery signal that has a slightly different frequency than the carrier frequency. The frequency variations are compensated by carrier recovery systems.
A prior art carrier recovery circuits comprise of a multiplexer, a decision unit that maps a signal inputted to it to a symbols of the constellation, an angle difference detector that measures the angular difference between the inputted signal and the symbol; a loop filter that receives the difference and provides an error signal to a complex voltage controlled oscillator VCO, the complex VCO provides a shift signal to be provided to the multiplexing unit so that a signal that is inputted to the multiplexer is phase shifted.
A prior art carrier recovery system 10 is shown in FIG. 1. System 10 comprising: multipliers 34, 36, 38, 42, 44 and 48, adders 32, 40, 46 and 50, decision unit 14, delay unit 52 and sine and cosine calculator 62. A multiplying unit 12 is comprised of multipliers 30, 34, 36, 38 and adders 32 and 40.
Multiplying unit 12 receives a real part of a received signal RE(Xk) and an imaginary part of a received signal IM(Xk) and multiplies them by an estimation of the phase shift provided by sine and cosine calculator 62. A real and imaginary parts of the product RE(Qk) and IM(Qk) are provided to decision unit 14. Decision unit 14 maps Qk to a symbol of the constellation Ak. A real part RE(Ak) and an imaginary part IM(Ak) of Ak, RE(Qk) and IM(Qk) are provided to multipliers 42 and 44 and adder 46 to produce an error signal EPk. Error signal EPk is passed through a loop filter comprising of multiplier 48 adder 50 and delay unit 52 to produce a normalized error signal EPNk. EPNk is provided to sine and cosine calculator 62 which receives EPNk provides it to an integrating circuit within sine and cosine calculator 62. The integrating circuit outputs a correction angle xcex8k that reflects an angular difference between Ak and Xk, calculates the sine and cosine COS(xcex8k) and SIN(xcex8k) of xcex8k and provides them to multiplying unit 12 in a manner that rotates a next signal Xk+1 by xcex8k to produce Qk+1.
Multiplier 30 has two inputs and an output for receiving RE(Xk) and COS(xcex8kxe2x88x921) and providing a first product RES_30 to adder 32. Multiplier 38 has two inputs and an output for receiving IM(Xk) and COS(xcex8kxe2x88x921) and providing a fourth product RES_38 to adder 40. Multiplier 34 has two inputs and an output for receiving RE(Xk) and SIN(xcex8kxe2x88x921) and providing a second product RES_34 to adder 40. Multiplier 36 has two inputs and an output for receiving IM(Xk) and SIN(xcex8kxe2x88x921) and providing a third product RES_36 to adder 32. Adder 32 has two inputs and an output for receiving RES_36 and RES_30 and provide RE(Qk) to decision unit 14 and to multiplier 44. Adder 40 has two inputs and an output for receiving RES_38 and RES_34 and providing a IM(Qk) to multiplier 42 and to decision unit 14. Decision unit 14 outputs RE(Ak) and provides it to multiplier 42. Decision unit 14 outputs IM(Ak) and provides it to multiplier 44. Multiplier 42 receives RE(Qk) and IM(Ak) and provides a fifth product RES_42. Multiplier 44 receives IM(Qk) and RE(Ak) and provides a sixth product RES_44. Adder 46 subtracts RES_44 from RES_42 and provides error signal EPk.
Correction angle xcex8k ranges between 0 to 2xcfx80. Prior art sine and cosine unit 64, either implemented in software or hardware, calculated COS (xcex8k) and SIN(xcex8k) by either a look up table or by calculating a Taylor series representing either COS (xcex8k) and SIN(xcex8k). Both solutions offered a relatively poor compromise between accuracy and either complexity or memory space. For example, if the system is implemented by a 16 -bit processor, the table will have to up till 216 entries to provide an accuracy of xcfx80/216 degrees, which is not good enough.
There is a need to provide an improved device and method for performing carrier recovery, so that the calculation of a sine and a cosine of a correction angle is both accurate and simple.
USPTO Backgrounds
USPTO Backgrounds