This P41 Biotechnology Resource Grant application seeks renewed support for our successful efforts to develop and apply innovative neuroimaging technologies within the highly integrated multimodal framework of the Center for Functional Neuroimaging Technologies (CFNT). The overall goal of this established NIBIB Biomedical Technology Resource Center (BTRC) is to provide advanced technology resources to more closely examine, and thus better understand, the human brain in health and disease. To this end, we seek to develop new techniques and advance existing technologies to acquire and analyze functional images of the working brain, with unprecedented physiological precision and spatiotemporal resolution, and to deploy these innovative tools to promote investigation of complex neuroscientific questions. Through coordinated research and development, collaborative research, service use, training and dissemination activities, our BTRC has built a standard of excellence in developing, sharing, and supporting the use of multimodal imaging tools that have consistently advanced capabilities for research that spans many basic science and clinical domains. Central to this effort are our four Technology Research and Development (TRD) projects to improve and extend techniques for non-invasive magnetic resonance image analysis (Project 1) and acquisition (Project 2), electromagnetic source imaging (Project 3), and optical neuroimaging (Project 4). Directly motivating the Aims of these TRD projects is a strong network of Collaborative Projects, which both challenge the TRDs to continue to innovate the next-generation neuroimaging tools, and reciprocally, employ the new tools we develop to drive their own research forward in new directions. Another essential element in this framework is the extensive application of our resources by a wide and diverse Service Users community. Finally, the TRDs, Collaborative and Service Projects contribute to the BTRC's Training and Dissemination mission, which additionally includes multiple dedicated Fellowships and Workshops, strong web presense, and important industrial partnerships, providing multiple channels to share the knowledge needed to apply the tools we develop with the scientific community locally, nationally, and internationally.