Rutin

Rutin, also called rutoside, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside and sophorin, is the glycoside combining the flavonol quercetin and the disaccharide rutinose (α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranose). It is a citrus flavonoid found in a wide variety of plants including citrus fruit.

Occurrences 
Rutin is one of the phenolic compounds found in the invasive plant species Carpobrotus edulis and contributes to the antibacterial properties of the plant.

Its name comes from the name of Ruta graveolens, a plant that also contains rutin.

Metabolism 
The enzyme quercitrinase can be found in Aspergillus flavus. It is an enzyme in the rutin catabolic pathway.

In food 
Rutin is a citrus flavonoid glycoside found in many plants including buckwheat, the leaves and petioles of Rheum species, and asparagus.  Tartary buckwheat seeds have been found to contain more rutin (about 0.8–1.7% dry weight) than common buckwheat seeds (0.01% dry weight). Rutin is one of the primary flavonols found in 'clingstone' peaches. It is also found in green tea infusions.

Approximate rutin content per 100g of selected foods:

332 mg Capers, spice 
45 mg Olive [Black], raw 
36 mg Buckwheat, whole grain flour 
23 mg Asparagus, raw 
19 mg Black raspberry, raw 
11 mg Red raspberry, raw 
9 mg Buckwheat, groats, thermally treated 
6 mg Buckwheat, refined flour 
6 mg Greencurrant 
6 mg Plum, fresh 
5 mg Blackcurrant, raw 
4 mg Blackberry, raw 
3 mg Tomato [Cherry], whole, raw 
2 mg Prune 
2 mg Fenugreek, fresh 
2 mg Marjoram, dried 
2 mg Tea [Black], infusion 
1 mg Grape, raisin 
1 mg Zucchini, raw 
1 mg Apricot, raw 
1 mg Tea [Green], infusion 
0 mg Apple 
0 mg Redcurrant 
0 mg Grape [Green] 
0 mg Tomato, whole, raw

Research
Rutin (rutoside or rutinoside) and other dietary flavonols are under preliminary clinical research for their potential biological effects, such as in reducing post-thrombotic syndrome, venous insufficiency, or endothelial dysfunction, but there was no high-quality evidence for their safe and effective uses as of 2018. As a flavonol among similar flavonoids, rutin has low bioavailability due to poor absorption, high metabolism, and rapid excretion that collectively make its potential for use as a therapeutic agent limited.

References

External links

Category:Quercetin glycosides
Category:Flavonol rutinosides
Category:Flavonoid antioxidants
Category:Polyphenols