Samuel Bamford

Samuel Bamford (28 February 1788 – 13 April 1872), was an English radical reformer and writer born in Middleton, Lancashire. He wrote in and on the subject of northern English dialect.

Biography
Bamford was one of five children born to Daniel Bamford (a muslin weaver and part-time teacher, and later master of the Salford workhouse), and his wife, Hannah. He was baptized on 11 April 1788 at St Leonard's Church, Middleton.

After his father withdrew him from Manchester Grammar School, Bamford became a weaver and then a warehouseman in Manchester. Exposure to Homer's Iliad and with the poems of John Milton influenced Bamford to begin writing poetry himself.

On 24 June 1810, he was married to Jemema (or Jemima) Sheppard at the Collegiate Church of St Mary, St Denys and St George, in Manchester, England, which is now known as Manchester Cathedral. In 1851 or thereabouts, Bamford obtained a comfortable situation as a messenger for the Inland Revenue at Somerset House. However, he soon returned to weaving as an occupation. The 1861 England Census records that Samuel, as a "public reader and agent" resided with Jemina in Hall Street, Manchester. The couple appeared to be childless.

Radicalism
Bamford's radical political beliefs led him to be heavily involved in resistance to the English government and to witness to several important historical events relating to working-class advocacy and public defiance.

Arrests for treason
In 1817 he was remanded in jail to the New Bailey Prison in Salford on suspicion of high treason, on account of his political activities. From there he was taken to London and examined before the Privy Council, presided over by Lord Sidmouth as Home Secretary. After promising future good behaviour, Bamford was then released and allowed to return to his cottage at Middleton with his wife Jemima.

In August 1819, he led a group from Middleton to St Peter's Fields for a meeting that pressed for parliamentary reform and repeal of the Corn Laws. There they witnessed the Peterloo Massacre, and Bamford was arrested and charged with treason. Although there was no evidence shown that either he or any of his group had been involved in the violence, he was found guilty of inciting a riot and sentenced to a year in Lincoln prison.

The experience of the massacre made a deep impression on Bamford, convincing him that state power would always succeed against radical militancy. He came to be seen as a voice for radical reform, but opposed to any activism that involved physical force. Addressing the accusation that his political group had used violence in pursuit of their reforming ends, Bamford responded in Passages in the Life of a Radical and Early Days (1840–1844), "It was not until we became infested by spies, incendiaries, and their dupes – distracting, misleading, and betraying – that physical force was mentioned amongst us. After that our moral power waned, and what we gained by the accession of demagogues, we lost by their criminal violence, and the estrangement of real friends."

Poetry and other writings
Bamford was the author of poetry mostly in standard English, but of those in dialect, several that showed sympathy with the conditions of the working classes became widely popular. His Passages in the Life of a Radical (1840–1844) is an authoritative history of the condition of the working classes in the years after the Battle of Waterloo.

In 1850, he published Tawk o'Seawth Lankeshur, by Samhul Beamfort, which, following the first one written in standard English, even adds a second title page and publishing information in local dialect. It begins:

Good lorjus days whot wofo times ar' these,
Pot bos ar scant, and dear ar seawl an cheese,
Eawr Gotum guides us seely sheep dun rob,
Oytch public trust is cheyng'd into a job;
Leys, taxes, customs, meyn our plucks to throb.

Continuing his interest in dialect, he also compiled The Dialect of South Lancashire in 1854.

Death and legacy
In the 1871 England Census, taken the year before Bamford's death, he is recorded as living at 109 Hall Street, Harpurhey, as a widower, with his housekeeper, a widow named Elizabeth Hilton.

Bamford died at Harpurhey on 13 April 1872 at the age of 84 and was given a public funeral in Middleton on 20 April, which was attended by several thousand people. A memorial obelisk was unveiled in Middleton Cemetery in 1877. Its inscription reads in part: "Bamford was a reformer when to be so was unsafe, and he suffered for his faith."

In 2000, The Diaries of Samuel Bamford were released, as edited by Robert Poole and a critical Martin Hewitt, according to whom "Bamford's career, not least its virulent anti-Chartism, have tainted him with reformism, and left him to be invoked as an example of the weaknesses and limitations of early nineteenth-century working-class political assertion."

Bibliography
Bamford's publications include: 
1817: An Account of the Arrest and Imprisonment of Samuel Bamford, Middleton, on Suspicion of High Treason
1819: The Weaver Boy, or Miscellaneous Poetry
1834: Hours in the Bowers: Poems, etc.
1843: Homely Rhymes
1840–44 Passages in the Life of a Radical (published in parts with many later editions, includes a glossary of Lancashire words).
1843: Poems
1844: Walks in South Lancashire and on its Borders. With letters, descriptions, narratives and observations current and incidental
1849: Early Days
1850: Tawk o'Seawth Lankeshur, by Samhul Beamfort]
1853: Life of Amos Ogden
1854: The Dialect of South Lancashire, or Tim Bobbin's Tummus and Meary, with his Rhymes, with Glossary
1864: Homely Rhymes, Poems and Reminiscences

See also

Blanketeers

References

External links
Works by or about Samuel Bamford at HathiTrust
Works by or about Samuel Bamford at Internet Archive
Works by or about Samuel Bamford at Google Books

Works by Samuel Bamford at Bamford's "Passages in the Life of a Radical" and "Early Days" in two volumes edited with an introduction by Henry Dunckley ("verax") London: T. Fisher Unwin, Paternoster Square: MDXCCCXCIII

Biography & selected writings at gerald-massey.org.uk
Biography at thisismiddleton.co.uk

Category:1788 births
Category:1872 deaths
Category:People from Middleton, Greater Manchester
Category:British weavers
Category:English male poets
Category:Peterloo massacre