Monument to the Royal Stuarts

The Monument to the Royal Stuarts is a memorial in St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican City State, the papal enclave surrounded by Rome, Italy. It commemorates the last three members of the Royal House of Stuart: James Francis Edward Stuart, his elder son Charles Edward Stuart, and his younger son, Henry Benedict Stuart. The Jacobites recognised these three as kings of England, Scotland and Ireland.

The marble monument is by Antonio Canova, the most celebrated Italian sculptor of his day.  It is in the form of a truncated obelisk. It carries bas relief profile portraits of the three exiled princes, and the following inscription:

 IACOBO·III  IACOBI·II·MAGNAE·BRIT·REGIS·FILIO  KAROLO·EDVARDO  ET·HENRICO·DECANO·PATRUM·CARDINALIVM  IACOBI·III·FILIIS  REGIAE·STIRPIS·STVARDIAE·POSTREMIS  ANNO·M·DCCC·XIX 

(To James III, son of King James II of Great Britain, to Charles Edward and to Henry, Dean of the Cardinal Fathers, sons of James III, the last of the Royal House of Stuart. 1819)

Below the inscription are two weeping angels, symbolising the lost hopes of the exiled Stuarts.

The monument to the Royal Stuarts was originally commissioned by Monsignor Angelo Cesarini, executor of the estate of Henry Benedict Stuart.  Among the subscribers, curiously, was King George IV, who (once the Jacobite threat to his throne had ended with the death of Cardinal Stuart in 1807) was an admirer of the Stuart legend.

The monument stands towards the back of the basilica in the left aisle opposite the door from which people coming down the spiral staircase from the dome and roof exit. It is frequently adorned with flowers by Jacobite romantics.

The monument is not a tomb. The three Stuarts are buried in the crypt below the basilica. James Francis Edward Stuart was buried here at his death in 1766. When Charles Edward Stuart died in 1788, he was buried in the Basilica of St. Peter Apostle in Frascati. When his brother Henry Benedict Stuart died in 1807, both brothers were laid to rest next to their father in the crypt of St. Peter's. Three separate tombstones were erected on the site.

Until 1938 the bodies of the three Stuarts were buried where the tomb of Pius XI now stands. In that year the bodies were moved slightly further east on the left side of the crypt, to make room for Pius's tomb. In 1939 a single sarcophagus was erected over the three graves. On top of the sarcophagus is a bronze pillow on which is placed a bronze crown. On the front of the sarcophagus is the same inscription quoted above.

Opposite the monument to the Royal Stuarts in St. Peter's Basilica is a monument to Maria Klementyna Sobieska, wife of James Francis Edward Stuart and mother of Charles Edward Stuart and Henry Benedict Stuart. Its inscription reads:

MARIA CLEMENTINA M. BRITANN.FRANC. ET HIBERN. REGINA

("Maria Clementina, Queen of Great Britain, France and Ireland"). The reference to France is a relic of the Plantagenet claim to the French throne, see English Kings of France.

Queen Christina of Sweden, the only other monarch with a memorial in the church, also lies entombed in the crypt below the basilica, with the Royal Stuarts. She abdicated her throne in 1654 to convert to Catholicism.

See also
Index of Vatican City-related articles

External links
 http://www.jacobite.ca/gazetteer/Vatican/Stuart_monument.htm Monument to the Stuart Kings
 http://www.stpetersbasilica.info/Monuments/Stuarts/Stuarts.htm Monument in St Peter's Basilica

Even though the basilica is not considered a cathedral, a helpful page is linked. Cathedral Basilica of St. Peter Apostle

Category:St. Peter's Basilica
Category:Tourist attractions in Vatican City
Category:Monuments and memorials in Italy
Category:House of Stuart
Category:Royal monuments
Category:1819 sculptures