Bullmastiff

The Bullmastiff is a large-sized breed of domestic dog, with a solid build and a short muzzle. The Bullmastiff is mastiff type dog, and was originally developed by 19th-century gamekeepers to guard estates. The breed was created by crossing the English Mastiff with the  now extinct Old English Bulldog. It was recognized as a purebred dog by the English Kennel Club in 1924.

Appearance

Size
Bullmastiff males should stand  tall (American Kennel Club (AKC) standard) at the withers and weigh . Females should be  at the withers, and . Exceeding these dimensions is discouraged by breeders.

Color
A Bullmastiff's coat may appear in fawn, red, or brindle. These are the only acceptable colours in the AKC standard. The fawn can range from a very light brown to a reddish brown. Red can range from a light red-fawn to a dark, rich red. Brindles are a striped overlay of the fawn or red. A Bullmastiff should have no white markings, except for on the chest where a little white is allowed.

History
Bullmastiffs are a large working breed originating in Britain in the mid-1800s as estate guardians to ward off poachers. They were bred by gamekeepers for strength, size and speed using a cross of the tough, heavy and aggressive Bulldog of the 19th century with the large, strong, less aggressive Mastiff. As a result, the Bullmastiff is known as the Gamekeeper's Night Dog. The preferred color, by gamekeepers, was brindle, as this color works as a more effective camouflage, especially at night.

The Bullmastiff breed was deemed pure by the English Kennel Club in 1924, with a genetic background of approximately 60% Mastiff and 40% Bulldog. In 1934, the AKC recognized the Bullmastiff. The first standard for the breed was approved in 1935. The standard has undergone several revisions since then; the most current version is available on the AKC website.

In 1928, the diamond mining company De Beers imported Bullmastiffs to South Africa to guard the mines.

The Bullmastiff breed was bred to tackle and pin a poacher that comes on their land. An issue people have with the breed is that the dog may jump onto an unfamiliar person and tackle them until told to stop. This is why Bullmastiff owners must greet newcomers to the dog at their first interaction.

* ancestor of today's modern bulldog.

Trainability
Bullmastiffs are strong, powerful, but sensitive dogs. For a Bullmastiff to become a well-behaved family member, consistency is needed. Training and socialization is of high importance, as the breed can be independent. Dogs of this breed are natural guardians of their home and owners. No special guard training is needed for a Bullmastiff to react appropriately if its family is endangered. Activities Bullmastiffs enjoy include obedience, agility, tracking, and carting.

Health
A UK survey based on the lifespan of 96 Bullmastiffs found a median age of 7.5 years. A Bullmastiff does not stop growing until their second birthday.

Health concerns within the breed include hip and elbow dysplasia, progressive retinal atrophy, bloat, and cancer, with a relatively high incidence of lymphoma and mast cell tumours. Bullmastiffs are prone to certain hereditary diseases, including:
 Hip dysplasia, affecting 24.5% of individuals 
 Elbow dysplasia, affecting 13.8% of individuals,
 Entropion, hypothyroidism affecting 2.8% of individuals, 
 Lymphoma
 Progressive retinal atrophy is a particular problem, since the trait is an autosomal dominant one. (This has recently been called into question by another medical team and has been proven that some Bullmastiffs have autosomal recessive PRA genes. In America, this is being investigated by the American Bullmastiff Health and Research Committee, and the DNA Optigen test only works for dominant genes, so it is considered inadequate at this time.)
 Arthritis
 Gastric dilatation volvulus, also known as bloat.

Cosmetic genetic problems include longhairs and "Dudleys". Both are recessives and not common. The Dudley, named after a notable Bulldog breeder of the 19th century, the Earl of Dudley, is a lack of pigment in the mask. It can be liver colored or simply not present.

Famous Bullmastiffs
 RockyRoloff family dog (Little People Big World)
 Swaggerthe live mascot of the Cleveland Browns
 Butkusactual pet of actor Sylvester Stallone and featured in the movie Rocky

Pete in Homeward Bound II: Lost in San Francisco is played by a Bullmastiff Homeward Bound II: Lost in San Francisco

See also
 Mastiff (disambiguation)

References

External links

 

Category:FCI breeds
Category:Dog breeds originating in England
Category:Mastiffs