Dense-in-itself

In mathematics, a subset  of a topological space is said to be dense-in-itself if  contains no isolated points.

Every dense-in-itself closed set is perfect. Conversely, every perfect set is dense-in-itself.

A simple example of a set which is dense-in-itself but not closed (and hence not a perfect set) is the subset of irrational numbers (considered as a subset of the real numbers). This set is dense-in-itself because every neighborhood of an irrational number  contains at least one other irrational number . On the other hand, this set of irrationals is not closed because every rational number lies in its closure. For similar reasons, the set of rational numbers (also considered as a subset of the real numbers) is also dense-in-itself but not closed.

The above examples, the irrationals and the rationals, are also dense sets in their topological space, namely . As an example that is dense-in-itself but not dense in its topological space, consider . This set is not dense in  but is dense-in-itself.

See also
 Nowhere dense set
 Dense order
 Perfect space
 Glossary of topology

References

Category:Topology