2005 World Summit

The 2005 World Summit, held between 14 and 16 September 2005, was a follow-up summit meeting to the United Nations' 2000 Millennium Summit, which had led to the Millennium Declaration of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Representatives (including nearly 200 leaders) of the then 191 member states met in New York City for what the United Nations described as "a once-in-a-generation opportunity to take bold decisions in the areas of development, security, human rights and reform of the United Nations."

Summit Summary
The summit was billed as the "largest gathering of world leaders in history," and featured appearances of numerous heads of state and heads of government. According to the organizers, about 170 leaders were present. The majority of those present addressed the U. N. General Assembly (UNGA) and gave speeches reflecting on the U. N.'s past successes and future challenges. All 191 of the then member states gave an address in some form—if the head of state or government was not present, the nation's foreign minister, vice president, or deputy prime minister usually spoke. The meetings were presided over by the Prime Minister of Sweden, Göran Persson, since Swedish Jan Eliasson was President of the 60th UNGA. Negotiations for the World Summit Outcome Document had been under the watchful eye of the President of the 59th UNGA, Mr. Jean Ping of Gabon.

The pre-summit negotiations were blown sharply off course by the appearance in early August at the U. N. of United States Ambassador to the U. N. John Bolton, appointed as a recess appointment by U.S. President George W. Bush. The position had been vacant since January, with responsibilities handled by professional U.S. diplomats. Bolton swiftly issued a list of new demands (including dropping the use of the words "Millennium Development Goals"), which days before the summit had still not been settled. Some observers contended that on the eve of the summit the U.S. struck a more conciliatory tone than expected, something partly credited as a consequence of the outpouring of international support for the U.S. after Hurricane Katrina.

As well as discussing progress on the Millennium Development Goals and re-iterating the world's commitment to them, the summit was convened to address the possible reform of the United Nations; much of this was eventually postponed to a later date. An exception was the endorsement of the "responsibility to protect" (known by the acronyms RtoP and R2P), a formulation of the "right of humanitarian intervention" developed by a U.N. commission and proposed by Kofi Annan as part of his In Larger Freedom reform package. The "Responsibility to Protect" gives the world community the right to intervene in the case of "national authorities manifestly failing to protect their populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity." There was also broad agreement at the summit to set up a new Human Rights Council.

During the summit, the United Nations Convention Against Corruption received its thirtieth ratification, and as a result entered into force in December 2005.

The inaugural session of the Clinton Global Initiative, organized by the family of Mr William J. Clinton (former 42nd President of the USA), was held in New York City to coincide with the 2005 World Summit. This event attracted as many of the same world leaders as the main summit. During his presidency, Mr Clinton has twice hosted more than 150 world leaders during an UN summit, in 1995 and 2000.

List of Participants of the 2005 World Summit
The 2005 World Summit was attended by representatives from 20 organizations and over 200 countries and regions, which included more than 190 heads of state and government and 10,000 other delegates.

In attendance were :
 Kofi Annan - Secretary General of the United Nations
 Jan Eliasson - President of the United Nations General Assembly
 Koichiro Matsuura - Director General of UNESCO
 José Manuel Barroso - President of the European Commission
 Jaap de Hoop Scheffer - Secretary General of NATO
 Alpha Oumar Konare - Chairperson of the African Union Commission
 Samir Hosny - President of the Arab League
 Vladimir Rushallo - Secretary General of CIS
 William Lacy Swing - Director General of the International Organization for Migration
 Abdou Diouf - Secretary General of Francophonie
 Tigran Sargsyan, Vice President of the Eurasian Economic Union
 Peter Maurer, Secretary General of the International Committee of the Red Cross
 Kamalesh Sharma - Commonwealth Secretary-General
 César Gaviria - Secretary General of the OAS
 Robert Zoellick - President of the World Bank
 Juan Somavia - Director General of ILO
 Jacques Diouf - Director General of FAO
 Jean-Claude Paye - Secretary General of the OECD
 Marc Perrin de Brichambaut - Secretary General of the OSCE
 Rodrigo Rato - Director General of the IMF
 George Mavrikos - Secretary General of WFTU
 Surin Pitsuwan - Secretary General of ASEAN
 Roberto Azevedo - President of the World Trade Organization
 Irwin LaRocque - President of the Caribbean Community
 Hamid Karzai - President of Afghanistan
 Alfred Moisiu - President of Albania
 Abdelaziz Bouteflika - President of Algeria
 Lolo Matalasi Moliga - President of American Samoa
 Marc Forne Molné - Prime Minister of Andorra
 José Eduardo dos Santos - President of Angola
 Baldwin Spencer - Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda
 Nestor Kirchner - President of Argentina
 Robert Kocharyan - President of Armenia
 Nelson Oduber - Prime Minister of Aruba
 John Howard - Prime Minister of Australia
 Wolfgang Schüssel - Chancellor of Austria
 Ilham Aliyev - President of Azerbaijan
 Arthur Foulkes - Governor General of Bahamas
 Nasser bin Hamad Al Khalifa - Crown Prince of Bahrain
 Sheikh Hasina - Prime Minister of Bangladesh
 Billie Miller - Prime Minister of Barbados
 Aleksander Lukashenko - President of Belarus
 Guy Verhofstadt - Prime Minister of Belgium
 Said Musa - Prime Minister of Belize
 John Swan - Prime Minister of Bermuda
 Boni Yayi - President of Benin
 Sangay Ngedup - Prime Minister of Bhutan
 Evo Morales - Vice President of Bolivia
 Haris Silajdzic - President of Bosnia and Herzegovina
 Festus Mogae - President of Botswana
 Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva - President of Brazil
 Orlando Smith - President of the British Virgin Islands
 Hassanal Bolkiah - Sultan of Brunei
 Georgi Parvanov - President of Bulgaria
 Michel Kafando - President of Burkina Faso
 Pierre Nkurunziza - President of Burundi
 Hun Sen - Prime Minister of Cambodia
 Paul Martin - Prime Minister of Canada
 Antonio Mascarenhas Monteiro - President of Cape Verde
 Nicolas Tiangaye - Prime Minister of the Central African Republic
 Youssouf Saleh Abbas - Prime Minister of Chad
 Ricardo Lagos - President of Chile
 Hu Jintao - President of China
 Azali Assoumani - President of Comoros
 Frederick Goodwin - President of the Cook Islands
 Laura Chinchilla - President of Costa Rica
 Fidel Castro - President of Cuba
 Gerrit Schotte - Deputy Prime Minister of Curaçao
 Stjepan Mesic - President of Croatia
 Tassos Papadopoulos - President of Cyprus
 Vaclav Klaus - President of the Czech Republic
 Denis Sassou Nguesso - President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
 Anders Fogh Rasmussen - Prime Minister of Denmark
 Dileta Mohamed Dileita - Prime Minister of Djibouti
 Nicholas Liverpool - President of Dominica
 Danilo Medina - President of the Dominican Republic
 Xanana Gusmao - Prime Minister of East Timor
 Rafael Correa - President of Ecuador
 Hosni Mubarak - President of Egypt
 Francesco Guillermo Flores Perez - President of El Salvador
 Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo - Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea
 Isaias Afwerki - President of Eritrea
 Arnold Ruutel - President of Estonia
 Hailemariam Desalegn - Prime Minister of Ethiopia
 Epili Nalaitikau - President of Fiji
 Tarja Halonen - President of Finland
 Jacques Chirac - President of France
 Omar Bongo - President of Gabon
 Yahya Jammeh - President of Gambia
 Mikhail Saakashvili - President of Georgia
 Gerhard Schroeder - Chancellor of Germany
 John Atta Mills - President of Ghana
 Peter Caruana - Prime Minister of Gibraltar
 Konstantinos Stephanopoulos - President of Greece
 Keith Mitchell - Prime Minister of Grenada
 Felix Camacho - Governor of Guam
 Alfonso Portillo Cabrera - President of Guatemala
 Ahmed Tidiane Souaré - Prime Minister of Guinea
 Faustino Imbali - Foreign Minister of Guinea-Bissau
 Bharrat Jagdeo - President of Guyana
 Gerard Latortue - Prime Minister of Haiti
 Angelo Sodano - Cardinal Secretary of State of the Holy See (Vatican)
 Ricardo Maturo - President of Honduras
 Donald Tsang - President of Hong Kong
 Peter Medgyessy - Prime Minister of Hungary
 Olafur Ragnar Grimsson - President of Iceland
 Manmohan Singh - Prime Minister of India
 Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono - President of Indonesia
 Bertie Ahern - Prime Minister of Ireland
 Mohammad Khatami - President of Iran
 Jalal Talabani - President of Iraq
 Benjamin Netanyahu - Prime Minister of Israel
 Silvio Berlusconi - Prime Minister of Italy
 Alassane Dramane Ouattara - President of Côte d'Ivoire
 Portia Simpson-Miller - Prime Minister of Jamaica
 Junichiro Koizumi - Prime Minister of Japan
 Abdullah Ensour - Prime Minister of Jordan
 Nursultan Nazarbayev - President of Kazakhstan
 Mwai Kibaki - President of Kenya
 Teburoro Tito - President of Kiribati
 Ibrahim Rugova - President of Kosovo
 Jaber Al Abdullah Al-Fahad Al-Sabah - Crown Prince of Kuwait
 Almazbek Atambayev - President of Kyrgyzstan
 Choummaly Sayasone - President of Laos
 Vaira Vike-Freiberga - President of Latvia
 Rafic Hariri - Prime Minister of Lebanon
 Pakalitha Mosisili - Prime Minister of Lesotho
 Monie Captan - Foreign Minister of Liberia
 Abdel Rahman Shalgham - Foreign Minister of Libya
 Otmar Hasler - Prime Minister of Liechtenstein
 Valdas Adamkus - President of Lithuania
 Jean-Claude Juncker - Prime Minister of Luxembourg
 Fernando Chui - President of Macau
 Branko Crvenkovski - President of Macedonia
 Andry Rajoelina - President of Madagascar
 Najib Razak - Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia
 Ibrahim Boubacar Keita - President of Malawi
 Maumoon Abdul Gayoom - President of Maldives
 Joyce Banda - President of Mali
 Lawrence Gonzi - Prime Minister of Malta
 Christopher Loeak - President of the Marshall Islands
 Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz - President of Mauritania
 Anerood Jugnauth - President of Mauritius
 Vicente Fox - President of Mexico
 Manny Mori - President of Micronesia
 Vladimir Voronin - President of Moldova
 Albert II - Sovereign Prince of Monaco
 Nambaryn Enkhbayar - President of Mongolia
 Filip Vujanovic - President of Montenegro
 Moulay Rachid - Prince of Morocco
 Armando Guebuza - President of Mozambique
 Thein Sein - President of Myanmar
 Sam Nujoma - President of Namibia
 Bernard Dowiyogo - President of Nauru
 Ginja Prasad Koirala - Prime Minister of Nepal
 Jan Peter Balkenende - Prime Minister of the Netherlands
 Frits Goedgedrag - Governor of the Netherlands Antilles
 Helen Clark - Prime Minister of New Zealand
 Arnoldo Aleman Lacayo - President of Nicaragua
 Mahamadou Issoufou - President of Niger
 Olusegun Obasanjo - President of Nigeria
 Juan Babauta - Governor of Northern Mariana Islands
 Kim Yong-nam - President of North Korea
 Jens Stoltenberg -  Prime Minister of Norway
 Qaboos bin Said al Said - President of Oman
 Mohammadmian Soomro - Vice President of Pakistan
 Johnson Toribiong - President of Palau
 Mahmood Abbas - President of Palestine
 Ricardo Martinelli - President of Panama
 Mekere Morauta - Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea
 Federico Franco - Vice President of Paraguay
 Ollanta Humala Tasso - Vice President of Peru
 Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo - President of the Philippines
 Aleksander Kwasniewski - President of Poland
 Jorge Sampaio - President of Portugal
 Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani - Emir of Qatar
 Joseph Kabila - President of the Republic of the Congo
 Pero Bukejlovic - Prime Minister of Republika Srpska
 Traian Basescu - President of Romania
 Vladimir Putin - President of Russia
 Paul Kagame - President of Rwanda
 Denzil Douglas - Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis
 Kenny Anthony - Prime Minister of Saint Lucia
 Ralph Gonsalves - Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
 Manuel Pinto da Costa - Vice President of São Tomé and Príncipe
 Tuilaepa Aiono Salele Malieleagoi - Foreign Minister of Samoa
 Pasquale Valentini - Foreign Minister of San Marino
 Abdullah - King of Saudi Arabia
 Jack McConnell - First Minister of Scotland
 Macky Sall - President of Senegal
 Boris Tadić - President of Serbia
 Svetozar Marović - President of Serbia and Montenegro
 James Michel - President of Seychelles
 Arnest Koroma - President of Sierra Leone
 Lee Hsien Loong - Prime Minister of Singapore
 Sarah Wescot-Williams - Prime Minister of Sint Maarten
 Ivan Gašparovič - President of Slovakia
 Danilo Turk - President of Slovenia
 Allan Kemakeza - Prime Minister of Solomon Islands
 Hassan Sheikh Mohamud - President of Somalia
 Thabo Mbeki - President of South Africa
 Roh Moo-hyun - President of South Korea
 Salva Kiir Mayardiit - President of South Sudan
 José Luiz Rodriguez Zapatero - Prime Minister of Spain
 Mahinda Rajapaksa - President of Sri Lanka
 Omar al-Bashir - President of Sudan
 Dési Bouterse - President of Suriname
 Goran Persson - Prime Minister of Sweden
 Sibusiso Dlamini - Prime Minister of Swaziland
 Joseph Deiss - President of Switzerland
 Bashar al-Assad - President of Syria
 Frederick Chien - President of Taiwan
 Emomali Rahmon - President of Tajikistan
 Jakaya Kikwete - President of Tanzania
 Thaksin Shinawatra - Prime Minister of Thailand
 Dalai Lama - President of Tibet
 Faure Gnassingbé - President of Togo
 Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV - King of Tonga
 Kamla Persad-Bissessar - Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago
 Zine El Abidine Ben Ali - President of Tunisia
 Recep Tayyip Erdoğan - Prime Minister of Turkey
 Saparmurat Niyazov - President of Turkmenistan
 Apisai Ielemia - Prime Minister of Tuvalu
 Yoweri Museveni - President of Uganda
 Victor Yushchenko - President of Ukraine
 Shaikh Hamad bin Mohammed Al Sharqi - Vice President of United Arab Emirates
 Tony Blair - Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
 George W. Bush - President of the United States of America
 Donna Christian Christensen - President of the U.S. Virgin Islands
 Tabaré Vázquez - President of Uruguay
 Islam Karimov - President of Uzbekistan
 Ham Lini - Prime Minister of Vanuatu
 Hugo Chávez - President of Venezuela
 Trương Mỹ Hoa - Vice President of Vietnam
 Carwyn Jones - First Minister of Wales
 Ali Abdullah Sameh - President of Yemen
 Michael Sata - President of Zambia
 Robert Mugabe - President of Zimbabwe

and many other guests, including:

Former United Nations Secretary General Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, guest of honour
Former United Nations Secretary General Boutros Boutros-Ghali, guest of honour
Former United States President Bill Clinton (to promote his Clinton Global Initiative project)
Former South African President Nelson Mandela
Future President of the African Union Jean Ping

Outcome of the 2005 World Summit

At the end of the 2005 Summit the contents of a document, known as the World Summit Outcome Document, were agreed to by the delegations that attended.

It was brought before the United Nations General Assembly for adoption as a resolution on 16 September, where ambassadors made last minute statements and reservations. For example, John Bolton said: "I do wish to make one point clear: the United States understands that reference to the International Conference on Population and Development, the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action, and the use of the phrase 'reproductive health' in paragraphs 57 (g) and 58 (c) of the outcome document do not create any rights and cannot be interpreted to constitute support, endorsement, or promotion of abortion."

The pressure group The United Nations Association of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (UNA-UK) contend that:

World leaders agreed on a compromise text, including the following notable items:
 the creation of a Peacebuilding Commission to provide a central mechanism to help countries emerging from conflict
 an agreement that the international community has a "responsibility to protect"—the duty to intervene when national governments fail to fulfill their responsibility to protect their citizens from atrocious crimes
 a Human Rights Council (established in 2006)
 an agreement to devote more resources to UN's Office of Internal Oversight Services (OIOS)
 several agreements to spend billions more on achieving the Millennium Development Goals
 a clear and unambiguous condemnation of terrorism "in all its forms and manifestations"
 a democracy fund
 an agreement to wind up the Trusteeship Council due to the completion of its mission

UN Security Council and the protection of civilians in armed conflicts
The United Nations Security Council Resolution 1674, adopted by the United Nations Security Council on 28 April 2006, "reaffirm[ed] the provisions of paragraphs 138 and 139 of the 2005 World Summit Outcome Document regarding the responsibility to protect populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity" and commits the Security Council to action to protect civilians in armed conflict.

References

Further reading

 United Nations' 2005 World Summit homepage
 Draft outcome document, 5 August (pre-Bolton-requests) (PDF)
 U.S. Revision Package (PDF)
 2005 World Summit Outcome Document, World Health Organization, 15 September 2005
 Summary of Outcome (PDF)
 CBS News, 12 September 2005, "At U.N., Bolton Softens His Tone"
 The Guardian, 10 September 2005, "World summit on UN's future heads for chaos: UK leads last minute effort to rein in U.S. objections"
 Hugo Chávez' address (He proposes the UN be moved out of the US)
 PM Sharon’s Speech at the United Nations Assembly 15 September 2005.
 AlterNet, 19 September 2005, "A Triumph for Decency at the U.N." – on the "Responsibility to Protect"
 Ian Williams, The Guardian, 20 September 2005, "Annan has paid his dues: The UN declaration of a right to protect people from their governments is a millennial change"
 Environment and Poverty Times – Summit 2005 Edition
 Alicia L. Bannon, The Yale Law Journal, "The Responsibility To Protect: The U.N. World Summit and the Question of Unilateralism"

Category:United Nations conferences
Category:2005 in the United States
Category:Diplomatic conferences in the United States
Category:21st-century diplomatic conferences
Category:2005 in international relations
World Summitt