Atractus

Atractus is a genus of colubrid ground snakes in the subfamily Dipsadinae. The genus includes more than 140 distinct species.

Geographic range
Snakes of the genus Atractus are endemic to Central and South America.

Description
In the genus Atractus the maxilla is short, with 8–12 teeth; the maxillary and mandibular teeth decrease in size posteriorly. The head is not distinct from the neck. The eye is small, with a round or subelliptic pupil. The nostril is between two nasal scales. The preocular is usually absent, and the loreal and prefrontal scales enter the orbit. The body is cylindrical. The dorsal scales are smooth, without apical pits, in 15 or 17 rows. The ventral scales are rounded. The tail can be either short or rather long. The subcaudals are paired.

Reproduction
The genus Atractus is oviparous.

Species
The following species are recognized as being valid.

Nota bene: A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Atractus.

Atractus aboiporu 
Atractus acheronius 
Atractus albuquerquei Cunha & Nascimento, 1983 – Albuquerque ground snake
Atractus alphonsehogei Cunha & Nascimento, 1983
Atractus altagratiae 
Atractus alytogrammus 
Atractus andinus Prado, 1944
Atractus apophis 
Atractus atlas Passos, Scanferla, Melo-Sampaio, Brito & Almendariz, 2018
Atractus atratus 
Atractus attenuates 
Atractus avernus 
Atractus ayeush 
Atractus badius (F. Boie, 1827)
Atractus biseriatus Prado, 1941 – two-lined ground snake
Atractus bocki F. Werner, 1909
Atractus bocourti Boulenger, 1894 – Bocourt's ground snake
Atractus boimirim Passos, Prudente, & Lynch, 2016
Atractus boulengerii Peracca, 1896
Atractus caete 
Atractus careolepis 
Atractus carrioni Parker, 1930
Atractus caxiuana 
Atractus cerberus  – brown-and-yellow ground snake
Atractus charitoae 
Atractus chthonius 
Atractus clarki Dunn & Bailey, 1939
Atractus collaris 
Atractus crassicaudatus (A.M.C. Duméril, Bibron & A.H.A. Duméril, 1854) – thickhead ground snake
Atractus dapsilis Melo-Sampaio, Passos, Fouquet, Costa-Prudente & Torres-Carvajal, 2019
Atractus dariensis 
Atractus depressiocellus 
Atracus duboisi 
Atractus duidensis Roze, 1961 – Venezuela ground snake
Atractus dunni Savage, 1955
Atractus echidna 
Atractus ecuadorensis Savage, 1955
Atractus edioi 
Atractus elaps (Günther, 1858)
Atractus emigdioi Gonzalez-Sponga, 1971
Atractus emmeli (Boettger, 1888)
Atractus eriki 
Atractus erythromelas Boulenger, 1903
Atractus esepe  – indistinct ground snake
Atractus favae (de Filippi, 1840)
Atractus flammigerus (F. Boie, 1827)
Atractus franciscopaivai 
Atractus francoi 
Atractus fuliginosus (Hallowell, 1845)
Atractus gaigeae Savage, 1955
Atractus gigas 
Atractus guentheri (Wucherer, 1861)
Atractus heliobelluomini 
Atractus heyeri Esqueda & McDiarmid, 2015
Atractus hoogmoedi 
Atractus hostilitractus 
Atractus imperfectus 
Atractus indistinctus Prado, 1940
Atractus insipidus Roze, 1961
Atractus iridescens Peracca, 1896
Atractus lancinii Roze, 1961
Atractus lasallei Amaral, 1931
Atractus latifrons (Günther, 1868)
Atractus lehmanni Boettger, 1898
Atractus loveridgei Amaral, 1930
Atractus macondo 
Atractus maculatus (Günther, 1858)
Atractus major Boulenger, 1894 – brown ground snake
Atractus manizalesensis Prado, 1940
Atractus mariselae Lancini, 1969
Atractus marthae Meneses-Pelayo & Passos, 2019
Atractus matthewi 
Atractus medusa 
Atractus melanogaster F. Werner, 1916
Atractus melas Boulenger, 1908
Atractus meridensis 
Atractus micheleae 
Atractus microrhynchus (Cope, 1868)
Atractus mijaresi 
Atractus modestus Boulenger, 1894 – modest ground snake
Atractus multicinctus (Jan, 1865)
Atractus multidentatus 
Atractus nasutus 
Atractus natans 
Atractus nicefori Amaral, 1930 – northern ground snake
Atractus nigricaudus Schmidt & Walker, 1943
Atractus nigriventris Amaral, 1933
Atractus obesus Marx, 1960
Atractus obtusirostris F. Werner, 1916 – bignose ground snake
Atractus occidentalis Savage, 1955
Atractus occipitoalbus (Jan, 1862)
Atractus ochrosetrus 
Atractus oculotemporalis Amaral, 1932
Atractus orcesi 
Atractus paisa 
Atractus pamplonensis Amaral, 1937
Atractus pantostictus 
Atractus paraguayensis F. Werner, 1924
Atractus paucidens Despax, 1910
Atractus pauciscutatus Schmidt & Walker, 1943 – little-scaled ground snake
Atractus peruvianus (Jan, 1862)
Atractus poeppigi (Jan, 1862) – basin ground snake
Atractus potschi 
Atractus punctiventris Amaral, 1933
Atractus pyroni  – Pyron's ground snake
Atractus resplendens F. Werner, 1901
Atractus reticulatus (Boulenger, 1885)
Atractus riveroi Roze, 1961 – Rivero's ground snake
Atractus ronnie 
Atractus roulei Despax, 1910 – Roule's ground snake
Atractus sanctaemartae Dunn, 1946
Atractus sanguineus Prado, 1944
Atractus savagei Salazar-Valenzuela, Torres-Carvajal, & Passos, 2014
Atractus schach (F. Boie, 1827)
Atractus serranus Amaral, 1930
Atractus snethlageae Cunha & Nascimento, 1983
Atractus spinalis 
Atractus steyermarki Roze, 1958
Atractus stygius 
Atractus surucucu 
Atractus tamaensis 
Atractus tamessari 
Atractus taphorni 
Atractus tartarus 
Atractus thalesdelemai 
Atractus titanicus 
Atractus torquatus (A.M.C. Duméril, Bibron & A.H.A. Duméril, 1854)
Atractus touzeti 
Atractus trefauti Melo-Sampaio, Passos, Fouquet, Costa-Prudente & Torres-Carvajal, 2019
Atractus trihedrurus 
Atractus trilineatus Wagler, 1828 – three-lined ground snake	
Atractus trivittatus Amaral, 1933
Atractus turikensis 
Atractus typhon 
Atractus variegatus Prado, 1942
Atractus ventrimaculatus Boulenger, 1905
Atractus vertebralis Boulenger, 1904
Atractus vertebrolineatus Prado, 1941
Atractus vittatus 
Atractus wagleri Prado, 1945
Atractus werneri Peracca, 1914
Atractus zebrinus 
Atractus zidoki Gasc & Rodriques, 1979

References

Further reading
Freiberg M (1982). Snakes of South America. Hong Kong: T.F.H. Publications. 189 pp. . (Genus Atractus, pp. 89–92).
Passos P, Fernandes R, Bérnils RS, Moura-Leite JC de (2010). "Taxonomic revision of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest Atractus (Reptilia: Serpentes: Dipdadidae)". Zootaxa 2364: 1-63.
Wagler [JG] (1828). "Auszüge aus seinem [sic] Systema Amphibiorum". Isis von Oken 21: 740-744. (Atractus, new genus, pp. 741–742). (in German and Latin).

Category:Colubrids
Category:Snakes of South America
Category:Snake genera
Category:Taxa named by Johann Georg Wagler