12.1.2012 Official Journal of the European Union L 8/13 COUNCIL DECISION of 12 December 2011 concerning the accession of the European Union to the Protocol of 2002 to the Athens Convention relating to the Carriage of Passengers and their Luggage by Sea, 1974, as regards Articles 10 and 11 thereof (2012/23/EV) THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, and in particular Article 81(1) and points (a) and (c) of Article 81(2), in conjunction with point (a) of Article 218(6) and the first subparagraph of Article 218(8) thereof, Having regard to the proposal from the European Commission, Having regard to the consent of the European Parliament, Whereas: ©) The Protocol of 2002 to the Athens Convention relating to the Carriage of Passengers and their Luggage by Sea, 1974  ("Athens Protocol") represents a  major improvement to the regime relating to the liability of carriers and the compensation of passengers carried by sea. The Athens Protocol modifies the Athens Convention relating to the Carriage of Passengers and their Luggage by Sea, 1974 and establishes in Article 15 that the two instruments shall, as between the Parties to the Athens Protocol, be read and interpreted together as one single instrument. Articles 10 and 11 of the Athens Protocol affect Council Regulation (EC) No 44/2001 of 22 December 2000 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters (!). The Union thus has exclusive competence as regards Articles 10 and 11 of the Athens Protocol. Upon accession of the Union to the Athens Protocol, the rules on jurisdiction set out in Article 10 thereof should take precedence over the relevant Union rules. However, the rules on recognition and enforcement of judgments laid down in Article 11 of the Athens () O] L 12, 16.1.2001, p. 1. Protocol should not take precedence either over the relevant rules of the Union, as extended to Denmark by the Agreement between the European Community and the Kingdom of Denmark on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters (3, or the rules of the Lugano Convention on jurisdiction and the enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters of 16 September 1988 (°) or the Lugano Convention on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters of 30 October 2007 (*), since the effect of the application of these rules is to ensure that judgments are recognised and enforced at least to the same extent as under the rules of the Athens Protocol. The Athens Protocol is open for ratification, acceptance, approval or accession by States and by Regional Economic  Integration  Organisations  which  are constituted by sovereign States that have transferred competence over certain matters governed by the Athens Protocol to those Organisations. According to Article 17(2)(b) and Article 19 of the Athens Protocol, Regional Economic Integration Organi- sations may conclude the Athens Protocol. The United Kingdom and Ireland, to which the Protocol (No 21) on the position of the United Kingdom and Ireland in respect of the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice, annexed to the Treaty on European Union and to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, applies, will be bound as part of the European Union by Articles 10 and 11 of the Athens Protocol. In accordance with Articles 1 and 2 of the Protocol (No 22) on the position of Denmark, annexed to the Treaty on European Union and to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, Denmark is not taking part in the adoption of this Decision and is not bound by it or subject to its application in respect of Articles 10 and 11 of the Athens Protocol. It will be bound by these Articles only as a separate Contracting Party. 299, 16.11.2005, p. 62. oJ L OJ L 319, 25.11.1988, p. 9. oJ L 339, 21.12.2007, p. 3.