L 332/126 Official Journal of the European Union 18.12.2015 DIRECTIVES COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING DIRECTIVE (EU) 2015/2392 of 17 December 2015 on Regulation (EU) No 596/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards reporting to competent authorities of actual or potential infringements of that Regulation THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION, Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, Having regard to Regulation (EU) No 596/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on market abuse (market abuse regulation) and repealing Directive 2003/6/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and Commission Directives 2003/124/EC, 2003/125/EC and 2004/72/EC ('), and in particular Article 32(5) thereof, Whereas: (1) Persons reporting actual or potential infringements of Regulation (EU) No 596/2014 (whistle-blowers) to competent authorities may bring new information to the attention of competent authorities and assist the latter in detecting and imposing sanctions for market abuse offences. However, whistleblowing of infringements may be deterred by fear of retaliation, discrimination or disclosure of personal data. Adequate arrangements regarding whistleblowing are hence necessary to ensure the overall protection and the respect of the fundamental rights of the whistle-blowers and the accused persons. Persons who knowingly report wrong or misleading information to competent authorities should not be considered as whistle-blowers and thus should not enjoy the protection mechanisms. (2)  Anonymous reporting should be allowed by competent authorities and the protection mechanisms of this Directive should also apply where an anonymous whistle-blower decides to reveal its identity to the competent authority at a later stage. Whistle-blowers should be free to report either through internal procedures, where such procedures exist, or directly to the competent authority. (3)  Dedicated staff members of the competent authorities, who are professionally trained, including on applicable data protection rules, would be necessary in order to handle reports of infringements of Regulation (EU) No 596/2014 and to ensure communication with the reporting person, as well as following up on the report in a suitable manner. (4)  Persons intending to report actual or potential infringements of Regulation (EU) No 596/2014 should be able to make an informed decision on whether, how and when to report. Competent authorities should therefore publicly disclose and make easily accessible information about the available communication channels with competent authorities, about the applicable procedures and about the dedicated staff members within the authority dealing with reports of infringements. All information regarding reports of infringements should be transparent, easily understandable and reliable in order to promote and not deter reporting of infringements. (50 In order to allow for effective communication with its dedicated staff it is necessary that the competent authorities have in place and use different communication channels that should be user-friendly and allow for written and oral, as well as electronic and non-electronic communication. (6) It is important that the procedures for the protection of persons working under a contract of employment, irrespective of the nature of their working relationship and whether they are paid or not, who report infringe- ments or are accused of infringements of Regulation (EU) No 596/2014 protect such persons against retaliation, discrimination or other types of direct or indirect unfair treatment. Unfair treatment can take very different forms depending on the circumstances. Thus individual cases need to be assessed through dispute resolution rules or judiciary procedures available under national law. () OJL173,12.6.2014,p. 1.