L 34378 Official Journal of the European Union 14.12.2012 DIRECTIVE 2012/35/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 21 November 2012 amending Directive 2008/106/EC on the minimum level of training of seafarers (Text with EEA relevance) THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, and in particular Article 100(2) thereof, Having regard to the proposal from the European Commission, After transmission of the draft legislative act to the national parliaments, Having regard to the opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee ('), After consulting the Committee of the Regions, Acting in accordance with the ordinary legislative procedure (3), Whereas: (1) The training and certification of seafarers is regulated by the International Maritime  Organisation  (IMO) (5) Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers 1978 (the ‘STCW Conven- tion’), which entered into force in 1984 and which was significantly amended in 1995. (2)  The STCW Convention was incorporated into Union law for the first time by Council Directive 94/58/EC of (6) 22 November 1994 on the minimum level of training of seafarers (%). The Union rules on training and certifi- cation of seafarers were later adapted to the subsequent () OJ C 43, 15.2.2012, p. 69. (®) Position of the European Parliament of 23 October 2012 (not yet published in the Official Journal) and decision of the Council of 13 November 2012. *) () OJ L 319, 12.12.1994, p. 28. 0) O] 0] amendments to the STCW Convention, and a common Union mechanism for the recognition of the systems of training and certification of seafarers in third countries was set up. Those rules are, as the result of a recast, contained in Directive 2008/106/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (¥). A Conference of Parties to the STCW Convention held in Manila in 2010 introduced significant amendments to the STCW Convention (the ‘Manila amendments)), namely on the prevention of fraudulent practices for certificates, in the field of medical standards, in the matter of training on security, including piracy and armed robbery, and with respect to training in tech- nology-related matters. The Manila amendments also introduced requirements for able seafarers and estab- lished new professional profiles, such as electro- technical officers. All Member States are parties to the STCW Convention and none of them has objected to the Manila amendments under the procedure foreseen to that effect. Member States should therefore align their national rules with the Manila amendments. A conflict between the international commitments of Member States and their Union commitments should be avoided. Moreover, given the global nature of shipping, Union rules on training and certification of seafarers should be kept in line with international rules. Several provisions of Directive 2008/106/EC should, therefore, be amended in order to reflect the Manila amendments. Improved training for seafarers should cover proper theoretical and practical training so as to ensure that seafarers are qualified to meet security and safety standards and are able to respond to hazards and emerg- encies. Quality standards and quality standards systems should be developed and implemented taking into account, where applicable, the Recommendation of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 June 2009 on the establishment of a European Quality Assurance Reference Framework for Vocational Education and Training (°) and related measures adopted by the Member States. L 323, 3.12.2008, p. 33. C 155, 8.7.2009, p. 1.