17. 7. 98 Official Journal of the European Communities L 201/43 COMMISSION REGULATION (EC) No 1525/98 of 16 July 1998 amending Regulation (EC) No 194/97 of 31 January 1997 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs (Text with EEA relevance) THE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community, Having regard to Council Regulation (EEC) No 315/93 of 8 February 1993 laying down Community procedures for contaminants in food ("), and in particular Article 2 thereof, Whereas some Member States have adopted, or plan to adopt, maximum levels for aflatoxins in certain foodstuffs; Whereas, in view of the disparities between Member States and the consequent risk of distortion of competi- tion, Community measures are necessary in order to ensure market unity while abiding by the principle of proportionality; Whereas consequently Commission Regulation (EC) No 194/97 of 31 January 1997 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs (* has to be added to; Whereas aflatoxins are mycotoxins produced by certain species of Aspergillus, which develop at high temper- atures and humidity levels; whereas aflatoxins may be present in a large number of foods; Whereas aflatoxins, in particular aflatoxin B1, are geno- toxic carcinogenic substances; whereas for substances of this type there is no threshold below which no harmful effect is observed; whereas no admissible daily intake can therefore be set; whereas current scientific and technical knowledge and improvements in production and storage techniques do not prevent the development of these moulds and consequently do not enable the presence of the aflatoxins in food to be eliminated entirely; whereas it is, therefore, advisable to set limits as low as possible; Whereas rules have to be set concerning the maximum limits which are acceptable in single dried and/or processed agricultural products and in compound food- stuffs in order to ensure proper human health protection () OJ L 37, 13. 2. 1993, p. 1. OJ L 31, 1. 2. 1997, p. 48. as well as proper functioning of the single market with regard to such products; Whereas efforts to improve production, harvesting and storage methods in order to reduce the development of moulds should be encouraged; Whereas the aflatoxins group includes a number of compounds of varying toxicity and frequency in food; whereas aflatoxin Bl is by far the most toxic compound; whereas it is advisable, for safety reasons, to limit both the total aflatoxin content of food (compounds Bl, B2, Gl and G2) and aflatoxin Bl content; Whereas aflatoxin M1 is a metabolic product of aflatoxin Bl, and is present in milk and milk products from animals which have consumed contaminated feed; whereas even if aflatoxin M1 is regarded as a less dan- gerous genotoxic carcinogenic substance than aflatoxin B1, it is necessary to prevent the presence thereof in milk and milk products intended for human consumption and for young children in particular; Whereas it is recognised that the sorting or other physical treatment methods make it possible to reduce the afla- toxin content of the groundnuts, nuts and dried fruit; that in order to minimise the effects on trade, it is advisable consequently to admit higher aflatoxin contents for those products which are not intended for direct human consumption or as an ingredient in foodstuffs; that, in these cases, the maximum limits for aflatoxins were fixed by taking at the same time into consideration the known possible effects of the abovementioned treatments respec- tively for the groundnuts, the nuts and the dried fruit and the need to comply after treatment with the maximum limits fixed for these products intended for direct human consumption or to be used as an ingredient in foodstuffs. That according to the progress of scientific and technolo- gical knowledge, the limits for the raw nuts and dried fruit could be reconsidered within a defined period of time; Whereas in the case of the cereals, it cannot be excluded that sorting methods or other physical treatments can reduce the level of contamination of aflatoxins; that in order to be able to check the real effectiveness of these methods and, if necessary, to fix specific maximum limits