No L 361/114 Official Journal of the European Communities 31. 12. 94 COUNCIL DECISION of 15 December 1994 adopting a specific programme for research and technological development, including demonstration, to be carried out for the European Community, on the one hand,. by the JRC and, on the other, by means of activities within the framework of a competitive approach and intended for scientific and technical support to Community policies (1995 to 1998) (94/918/EC THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, Having regard to the Treaty establishing the vEuropean Community, and in particular Article 130i (4) thereof, Having regard to the proposal from the Commission (1), .Having regard to the opinion of the European Parliament (2), Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social Committee (3), Whereas, by Decision No 1110/94/EC (4), the European Parliament and the Council adopted a fourth framework programme of Community activities in the field of research, technological development and demonstration (RTD) for the period 1994 to 1998, specifying inter alia the activities to be carried out by means of direct action, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, by means of activities within the framework of a competitive approach and intended for scientific and technical support to Community policies; whereas this Decision takes account of the grounds set out in the preamble to that Decision; Whereas Article 130i (3) of the Treaty stipulates that the framework programme shall be implemented through specific programmes developed within each activity under the framework programme and that each specific programme shall define the detailed rules for its implementation, fix its duration and provide for the means deemed necessary. Whereas the RTD activities carried out by means of direct action are conducted by the Joint Research Centre (JRC); whereas these activities consist of institutional research activities for which the JRC has expertise and special, if not unique, facilities in the Community and institutional, scientific and technical support activities which necessitate the neutrality of the JRC; . (1) O] No C 228, 17. 8. 1994, p. 219 and O] No C 262, 20. 9. 1994, p. 30. (2) O] No C 205, 25. 7. 1994, p. 316. (3) Opinion delivered on 14 September 1994 (not yet published in the Official Journal). (4 OJ No L 126, 18. 5. 1994, p.1. Whereas other scientific and technical support activities necessary for the formulation and implementation of Community policies and which do not necessitate the neutrality of the JRC will be implemented by the Commission within the framework of a -competitive approach and in the context of a customer/contractor relationship; ‘ Whereas the amount deemed necessary for carrying out the direct action is ECU .600 million and the amount deemed necessary for the scientific and technical support activities within the framework of a competitive approach is ECU 128 million; whereas the appropriations for- each financial year shall be laid down by the budgetary authority, subject to the availability of. resources within the financial perspectives and the conditions set out in Article 1 (3) of Decision No 1110/94/EC; Whereas the content of the fourth framework programme for Community RTD activities was established in accordance with the subsidiarity principle; whereas the specific programme specifies the content of the activities to be carried out in accordance with this principle by way " of direct actions and of activities within the framework of a competitive approach and intended for scientific and technical support to Community policies; Whereas Decision No 1110/94/EC lays down that a Community action is justified if, inter alia, research contributes to the strengthening of the economic and social cohesion of the Community and to the promotion ~of its overall' harmonious development, while being consistent with the pursuit of scientific and technical quality; whereas this programme is intended to help meet " these objectives; Whereas this programme may make a significant contribution to the stimulation of growth, to the strengthening of competitiveness and to the development of employment in the Community, as indicated in the White Paper on Growth, competitiveness and employment; whereas it is therefore necessary to promote the prenormative research activities considered to be necessary under other Community policies; Whereas, as part of the direct action, the scientific and technical activities to support Community policies should