16.7.1999 Official Journal of the European Communities L 182/1 (Acts whose publication is obligatory) COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 1999/31/EC of 26 April 1999 on the landfill of waste THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community, and in particular Article 130s(1) thereof, Having regard to the proposal from the Commission (1), Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social Committee (2), Acting in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 189c¢ of the Treaty (%), (1) Whereas the Council resolution of 7 May 1990 (*) on waste policy welcomes and supports the Community strategy document and invites the Commission to propose criteria and standards for the disposal of waste by landfill; (2)  Whereas the Council resolution of 9 December 1996 on waste policy considers that, in the future, only safe and controlled landfill activities should be carried out throughout the Community; (3)  Whereas the prevention, recycling and recovery of waste should be encouraged as should the use of recovered materials and energy so as to safeguard natural resources and obviate wasteful use of land; (4)  Whereas further consideration should be given to the issues of incineration of municipal and non-hazardous waste, composting, biomethanisation, and  the processing of dredging sludges; () O] C 156, 24.5.1997, p. 10. () O] C 355, 21.11.1997, p. 4. (}) Opinion of the European Parliament of 19 February 1998 (O] C 80, 16.3.1998, p. 196), Council common position of 4 June 1998 (O] C 333, 30.10.1998, p. 15) and Decision of the European Parliament of 3 February 1999 (OJ C 150, 28.5.1999, p. 78) () 0] C 122, 18.5.1990, p. 2. (5)  Whereas under the polluter pays principle it is necessary, inter alia, to take into account any damage to the environment produced by a landfill; (6)  Whereas, like any other type of waste treatment, landfill should be adequately monitored and managed to prevent or reduce potential adverse effects on the environment and risks to human health; (7) ~ Whereas it is necessary to take appropriate measures to avoid the abandonment, dumping or uncontrolled disposal of waste; whereas, accordingly, it must be possible to monitor landfill sites with respect to the substances contained in the waste deposited there, whereas such substances should, as far as possible, react only in foreseeable ways; (8)  Whereas both the quantity and hazardous nature of waste intended for landfill should be reduced where appropriate; whereas the handling of waste should be facilitated and its recovery enhanced; whereas the use of treatment processes should therefore be encouraged to ensure that landfill is compatible with the objectives of this Directive; whereas sorting is included in the definition of treatment; (9)  Whereas Member States should be able to apply the principles of proximity and self-sufficiency for the elimination of their waste at Community and national level, in accordance with Council Directive 75/442[EEC of 15 July 1975 on waste (°) whereas the objectives of this Directive must be pursued and clarified through the establishment of an adequate, integrated network of disposal plants based on a high level of environmental protection; (10) Whereas disparities between technical standards for the disposal of waste by landfill and the lower costs associated with it might give rise to increased disposal of waste in facilities with low standards of () O] L 194, 25.7.1975, p. 39. Directive as last amended by Commission Decision 96/350/EC (O] L 135, 6.6.1996, p. 32).