24.8.78 Official Journal of the European Communities No L 233/1 (Acts whose publicdtion is not obligatory) COUNCIL COUNCIL DIRECTIVE of 25 July 1978 concerning the mutual recognition of diplomas, certificates and other evidence of the formal qualifications of pratitioners of dentistry, including measures to facilitate the effective exercise of the right of establishment and freedom to provide services (78/686/EEC) THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, Having regard to the Treaty esfablishing the European Economic Community, and in particular Articles 49, 57, 66 and 235 thereof, Having regard to the proposal from the Commission, Having regard to the opinion of the European Parlia- ‘ment (1), - Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social Committee (2), Whereas, pursuant to the Treaty, all discriminatory treatment based on nationality with regard to estab- lishment and provision of services is prohibited as from the end of the transitional period; whereas the principle of such treatment based on nationality applies in particu- lar to the grant of any authorization required to practise as a dental practitioner and also to registration with or membership of professional organizations or bodies; Whereas it nevertheless seems desirable that certain provisions be introduced to facilitate the effective exer- cise of the right of establishment and freedom to pro- vide services in respect of the activities of dental prac- titioners; Whereas, pursuant to the Treaty, the Member States are required not to grant any form of aid likely to distort the conditions of establishment; ' (1) OJ No C 101, 4. 8. 1970, p. 19. (3) O] No C 36, 28. 3. 1970, p. 17. Whereas Article 57 (1) of the Treaty provides that Di- rectives shall be issued for the mutual recognition of diplomas, certificates and other evidence of formal quali- fications; whereas the aim of this Directive is the rec- ognition of diplomas, certificates and other evidence of formal qualifications of a dental practitioner enabling activities in the field of dentistry to be taken up and pursued and the recognition of diplomas, certificates and other evidence of formal qualifications in respect of practitioners of specialized dentistry; Whereas, with regard to the training of practitioners of specialized dentistry, the mutual recognition of training qualifications is advisable where these qualifications, while not being a condition for taking up the activities of practitioner of specialized dentistry, are nonetheless a condition for the use of a specialist title; ' Whereas, in view of the current differences between the Member States regarding the number of specializations in dentistry and the type or the length of training courses for such specializations, certain coordinating provisions intended to enable Member States to proceed with the mutual recognition of diplomas, certificates and other evidence of formal qualifications should be laid down; whereas such coordination has been effected by Council Directive 78/687/EEC of 25 August 1978 concerning the coordination of provisions laid down by law, regulation or administrative action in respect of the activities of dental practitioners (3); (3) See page 10 of this Official Journal.