23.12. 78 Official Journal of the European Communities No L 362/7 COUNCIL DIRECTIVE of 18 December 1978 concerning the coordination of provisions laid down by law, regulation or administrative action in respect of the activities of veterinary surgeons (78/1027/EEC) THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community, and in particular Articles 49, 57, 66 and 235 thereof, Having regard to the proposal from the Commission (1), ‘Having regard to the opinion of the European Parliament (2), Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social Committee (3), Whereas, with a view to achieving the mutual recognition of diplomas, certificates and other evidence of formal qualifications in veterinary medicine laid down in Council Directive 78/1026/EEC of 18 December 1978 concerning the mutual recognition of diplomas, certificates and other evidence of formal qualifications in veterinary medicine, including measures to facilitate the effective exercise of the right of establishment and freedom to provide services (*), the comparable nature of training courses in the Member States enables coordination in this field to be confined to the requirement that minimum standards be observed, which then leaves the Member States freedom of organization as regards instruction; Whereas the coordination of the conditions for the pursuit of these activities, as envisaged by this Directive, does not exclude any subsequent coordination; Whereas the coordination envisaged by this Directive covers the professional training of veterinary surgeons; whereas, as far as training is concerned, most Member States do not at present distinguish between veterinary surgeons who pursue their activities as employed persons and those who are self-employed; whereas, for this reason and in order to encourage as far as possible the free movement of professional persons within the Community, it appears necessary to extend the application of this Directive to employed veterinary surgeons, (1) OJ No C 92, 20. 7. 1970, p. 18. (3) OJ No C 19, 28. 2. 1972, p. 10. () OJ No C 60, 14. 6. 1971, p. 3. (4) See page 1 of this Official Journal. HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE: Article 1 1. The Member States shall require persons wishing to take up and pursue the profession of veterinary surgeon to hold a diploma, certificate or other evidence of for- mal qualifications in veterinary medicine referred to in Article 3 of Directive 78/1026/EEC which guarantees that during his complete training period the person concerned has acquired: (a) adequate knowledge of the sciences on which the activities of the veterinary surgeon are based; (b) adequate knowledge of the structure and functions of healthy animals, of their husbandry, reproduction and hygiene in general, as well as their feeding, in- cluding the technology involved in the manufacture and preservation of foods corresponding to their needs; (c) adequate knowledge of the behaviour and protection of animals; (d) adequate knowledge of the causes, nature, course, effects, diagnosis and treatment of the diseases of animals, whether considered individually or in groups, including a special knowledge of the dis- eases which may be transmitted to humans; (e) adequate knowledge of preventive medicine; (f) adequate knowledge of the hygiene and technology involved in the production, manufacture and putting into circulation of animal foodstuffs or foodstuffs of animal origin intended for human consumption; (g) adeéquate knowledge of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the subjects listed above; (h) adequate clinical and other practical experience under appropriate supervision. 2. Veterinary training of this kind shall comprise in all at least five years’ theoretical and practical full-time instruction given in a university, a higher education in- stitution recognized as having equivalent status, or under the supervision of a university, and shall include at least the subjects listed in the Annex.