Fibroids, also known as uterine leiomyomas or myomas, are noncancerous growths that develop in the uterus. They are a common health concern among women, especially during their reproductive years. In this concise article, we will provide an overview of fibroids, including their causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options.
What Are Fibroids?
Fibroids are benign tumors that originate from the smooth muscle tissue of the uterine wall. They can vary in size, from small, undetectable nodules to large growths that can distort the shape of the uterus and occupy the whole abdomen. Fibroids can be solitary or multiple and may occur within the womb(intramural) or on the surface(subserous).
Causes of Fibroids
The exact cause of fibroids is not entirely clear, but several factors may contribute to their development:
- Hormones: Estrogen and progesterone, two hormones that regulate the menstrual cycle, appear to promote fibroid growth. They tend to grow during reproductive years when hormone levels are higher.
- Genetics: Family history can play a role in a woman's likelihood of developing fibroids.
- Pregnancy: Women who have been pregnant may be at a reduced risk for fibroids, while nulliparity (not having given birth) may increase the risk.
Fibroids may not always cause noticeable symptoms, but when they do, the following are common:
- Menstrual Changes: Heavier menstrual bleeding, longer periods, and irregular menstruation are typical signs.
- Pelvic Pain and Pressure: Some women experience pelvic discomfort, pain, or a feeling of fullness.
- Infertility: Large fibroids within the uterus may block passage of sperms or affect implantation of fertilized egg.
- Frequent Urination: Large fibroids can press against the bladder, leading to increased urination.
- Backache or Leg Pains: Pressure on nerves in the back or pelvis may cause backache or leg pains.
Diagnosing fibroids often involves a combination of methods:
- Physical Examination: A healthcare provider may detect the presence of fibroids during a pelvic exam.
- Imaging: Ultrasound scans(Pelvic and Transvaginal Ultrasounds) can provide detailed images of the uterus and confirm the presence, size, and location of fibroids. Pelvic MRI may be needed in equivocal cases.
The treatment for fibroids depends on the severity of symptoms, the size and location of the fibroids, and the patient's age and desire for future pregnancies. Options include:
- Watchful Waiting: If fibroids are small and not causing significant symptoms, a "wait and see" approach may be recommended.
- Medications: Hormonal medications can help manage symptoms such as heavy bleeding and pelvic pain.
- Myomectomy: Surgical removal of the fibroid may be warranted in cases of excessive menstrual bleed, infertility or patient desire.
- Minimally Invasive Procedures: Procedures like uterine artery embolization and laparoscopic myolysis can remove or shrink fibroids while preserving the uterus.
- Hysterectomy: In severe cases or when fertility is not a concern, a hysterectomy, or surgical removal of the uterus, may be advised.
Fibroids are common growths in the uterus that can cause various symptoms, especially in women of reproductive age. Early diagnosis and a tailored treatment plan can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life. If you suspect you have fibroids or are experiencing symptoms, consult with a healthcare provider for a thorough evaluation and personalized guidance.