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  <main id="main" class="col-md-9"><div class="page-header">
      <img src="" class="logo" alt=""><h1>Version 0.2.0</h1>
            
      
      <small class="dont-index">Source: <a href="https://github.com/josiahparry/sfdep/blob/HEAD/vignettes/articles/Version-0-2-0.Rmd" class="external-link"><code>vignettes/articles/Version-0-2-0.Rmd</code></a></small>
      <div class="d-none name"><code>Version-0-2-0.Rmd</code></div>
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<div class="sourceCode" id="cb1"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r">
<code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html" class="external-link">library</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va"><a href="https://sfdep.josiahparry.com" class="external-link">sfdep</a></span><span class="op">)</span></span></code></pre></div>
<p>While not too far from the initial CRAN release of sfdep, this
version consists of two sizable additions relating to spatio-temporal
analysis and colocation analysis as well as bug fixes and improvements.
Additional functionality is added regarding point-pattern analysis and
neighbor / weight list utilities. Given the breadth of the additions,
this represents a minor version release.</p>
<div class="section level2">
<h2 id="colocation-analysis">Colocation Analysis<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#colocation-analysis"></a>
</h2>
<p>This release includes functionality to compute colocation quotients.
This is extremely exciting as this is the first open source
implementation of Colocation Quotients that I am aware of. There are
three types of colocation quotient (CLQ) in this release: the global
CLQ, pairwise CLQ, and local CLQ.</p>
<p>See the <a href="/articles/colocation-analysis.html">colocation
vignette</a> for a more detailed write up.</p>
<p>There are three new functions for calculating CLQs:</p>
<ul>
<li><code><a href="../reference/global_colocation.html">global_colocation()</a></code></li>
<li><code><a href="../reference/pairwise_colocation.html">pairwise_colocation()</a></code></li>
<li><code><a href="../reference/local_colocation.html">local_colocation()</a></code></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section level2">
<h2 id="spacetime">Spacetime<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#spacetime"></a>
</h2>
<p>And probably most notable, is the introduction of a new spacetime
class. This class was created as a byproduct of creating functionality
for emerging hot spot analysis. For a more detailed write up see the <a href="/articles/spacetime-s3.html">spacetime vignette</a>.</p>
<p>The new functions that are available are:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<code><a href="../reference/spacetime.html">spacetime()</a></code>, <code><a href="../reference/spacetime.html">new_spacetime()</a></code>,
<code><a href="../reference/spacetime.html">validate_spacetime()</a></code>:
<ul>
<li>Creating spacetime objects</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<code><a href="../reference/activate.html">activate()</a></code>, <code><a href="../reference/activate.html">active()</a></code>:
<ul>
<li>changing spacetime context and determining active context</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<code><a href="../reference/as_spacetime.html">as_sf()</a></code>, <code><a href="../reference/as_spacetime.html">as_spacetime()</a></code>:
<ul>
<li>casting between spacetime and sf objects</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<code><a href="../reference/spacetime.html">is_spacetime()</a></code>:
<ul>
<li>determine if an object is a spacetime object</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<code><a href="../reference/is_spacetime_cube.html">is_spacetime_cube()</a></code>:
<ul>
<li>determine if a spacetime object is a spatio-temporal full grid aka
spacetime cube</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<code><a href="../reference/complete_spacetime_cube.html">complete_spacetime_cube()</a></code>:
<ul>
<li>if a spatio-temporal sparse grid, add rows to make a spatio-temporal
full grid (spacetime cube)</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<code><a href="../reference/set_col.html">set_col()</a></code>, <code><a href="../reference/set_col.html">set_nbs()</a></code>,
<code><a href="../reference/set_col.html">set_wts()</a></code>:
<ul>
<li>add columns from geometry context to data context</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<code><a href="../reference/emerging_hotspot_analysis.html">emerging_hotspot_analysis()</a></code>:
<ul>
<li>conduct emerging hotspot analysis</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<code><a href="../reference/spt_update.html">spt_update()</a></code>:
<ul>
<li>update times and locations attributes of a spacetime object</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb2"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r">
<code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="va">df_fp</span> <span class="op">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/system.file.html" class="external-link">system.file</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="st">"extdata"</span>, <span class="st">"bos-ecometric.csv"</span>, package <span class="op">=</span> <span class="st">"sfdep"</span><span class="op">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va">geo_fp</span> <span class="op">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/system.file.html" class="external-link">system.file</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="st">"extdata"</span>, <span class="st">"bos-ecometric.geojson"</span>, package <span class="op">=</span> <span class="st">"sfdep"</span><span class="op">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co"># read in data</span></span>
<span><span class="va">df</span> <span class="op">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">readr</span><span class="fu">::</span><span class="fu"><a href="https://readr.tidyverse.org/reference/read_delim.html" class="external-link">read_csv</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">df_fp</span>, col_types <span class="op">=</span> <span class="st">"ccidD"</span><span class="op">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va">geo</span> <span class="op">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">sf</span><span class="fu">::</span><span class="fu"><a href="https://r-spatial.github.io/sf/reference/st_read.html" class="external-link">st_read</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">geo_fp</span><span class="op">)</span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; Reading layer `bos-ecometric' from data source </span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt;   `/private/var/folders/zc/tg2xwck53dg9sls8x4ndzdc00000gn/T/Rtmp2RGXTr/temp_libpath2b6f5ea0db20/sfdep/extdata/bos-ecometric.geojson' </span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt;   using driver `GeoJSON'</span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; Simple feature collection with 168 features and 1 field</span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; Geometry type: POLYGON</span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; Dimension:     XY</span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; Bounding box:  xmin: -71.19115 ymin: 42.22788 xmax: -70.99445 ymax: 42.3974</span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; Geodetic CRS:  NAD83</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co"># create spacetime object</span></span>
<span><span class="va">bos</span> <span class="op">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu"><a href="../reference/spacetime.html">spacetime</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">df</span>, <span class="va">geo</span>, <span class="st">".region_id"</span>, <span class="st">"year"</span><span class="op">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="va">bos</span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">spacetime ────</span></span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; <span style="color: #555555;">Context:</span><span style="color: #555555; font-style: italic;">`data`</span></span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; <span style="color: #555555; font-style: italic;">168</span><span style="color: #555555;"> locations `.region_id`</span></span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; <span style="color: #555555; font-style: italic;">10</span><span style="color: #555555;"> time periods `year`</span></span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; <span style="color: #B2B2B2;">── </span><span style="color: #555555; font-style: italic;">data context</span><span style="color: #B2B2B2;"> ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────</span></span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; <span style="color: #949494;"># A tibble: 1,680 × 5</span></span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt;    .region_id  ecometric  year value time_period</span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt;  <span style="color: #BCBCBC;">*</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;chr&gt;</span>       <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;chr&gt;</span>     <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;int&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;dbl&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;date&gt;</span>     </span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 1</span> 25025010405 Guns       <span style="text-decoration: underline;">2</span>010  0.35 2010-01-01 </span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 2</span> 25025010405 Guns       <span style="text-decoration: underline;">2</span>011  0.89 2011-01-01 </span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 3</span> 25025010405 Guns       <span style="text-decoration: underline;">2</span>012  1.2  2012-01-01 </span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 4</span> 25025010405 Guns       <span style="text-decoration: underline;">2</span>013  0.84 2013-01-01 </span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 5</span> 25025010405 Guns       <span style="text-decoration: underline;">2</span>014  1.5  2014-01-01 </span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 6</span> 25025010405 Guns       <span style="text-decoration: underline;">2</span>015  1.15 2015-01-01 </span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 7</span> 25025010405 Guns       <span style="text-decoration: underline;">2</span>016  1.48 2016-01-01 </span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 8</span> 25025010405 Guns       <span style="text-decoration: underline;">2</span>017  1.64 2017-01-01 </span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 9</span> 25025010405 Guns       <span style="text-decoration: underline;">2</span>018  0.49 2018-01-01 </span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; <span style="color: #BCBCBC;">10</span> 25025010405 Guns       <span style="text-decoration: underline;">2</span>019  0.17 2019-01-01 </span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; <span style="color: #949494;"># ℹ 1,670 more rows</span></span></span></code></pre></div>
<p>Spacetime objects have two contexts: data and geometry. Currently the
data is activated. We can activate the geometry context like so:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb3"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r">
<code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="fu"><a href="../reference/activate.html">activate</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">bos</span>, <span class="st">"geometry"</span><span class="op">)</span> </span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">spacetime ────</span></span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; <span style="color: #555555;">Context:</span><span style="color: #555555; font-style: italic;">`geometry`</span></span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; <span style="color: #555555; font-style: italic;">168</span><span style="color: #555555;"> locations `.region_id`</span></span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; <span style="color: #555555; font-style: italic;">10</span><span style="color: #555555;"> time periods `year`</span></span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; <span style="color: #B2B2B2;">── </span><span style="color: #555555; font-style: italic;">geometry context</span><span style="color: #B2B2B2;"> ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────</span></span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; Simple feature collection with 168 features and 1 field</span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; Geometry type: POLYGON</span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; Dimension:     XY</span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; Bounding box:  xmin: -71.19115 ymin: 42.22788 xmax: -70.99445 ymax: 42.3974</span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; Geodetic CRS:  NAD83</span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; First 10 features:</span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt;     .region_id                       geometry</span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; 1  25025010405 POLYGON ((-71.09009 42.3466...</span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; 2  25025010404 POLYGON ((-71.09066 42.3397...</span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; 3  25025010801 POLYGON ((-71.08159 42.3537...</span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; 4  25025010702 POLYGON ((-71.07066 42.3518...</span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; 5  25025010204 POLYGON ((-71.10683 42.3487...</span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; 6  25025010802 POLYGON ((-71.08159 42.3537...</span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; 7  25025010104 POLYGON ((-71.08784 42.3474...</span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; 8  25025000703 POLYGON ((-71.12622 42.3504...</span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; 9  25025000504 POLYGON ((-71.14175 42.3404...</span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; 10 25025000704 POLYGON ((-71.13551 42.3487...</span></span></code></pre></div>
<p>This is handy because we can find neighbors in our geometry and link
them to our data.</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb4"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r">
<code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html" class="external-link">library</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org" class="external-link">dplyr</a></span><span class="op">)</span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; </span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; Attaching package: 'dplyr'</span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':</span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; </span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt;     filter, lag</span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; The following objects are masked from 'package:base':</span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; </span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt;     intersect, setdiff, setequal, union</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="va">bos_nb</span> <span class="op">&lt;-</span> <span class="va">bos</span> <span class="op">|&gt;</span> </span>
<span>  <span class="fu"><a href="../reference/activate.html">activate</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="st">"geometry"</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">|&gt;</span> </span>
<span>  <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html" class="external-link">mutate</a></span><span class="op">(</span>nb <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="../reference/st_contiguity.html">st_contiguity</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">geometry</span><span class="op">)</span>,</span>
<span>         wt <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="../reference/st_weights.html">st_weights</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">nb</span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="va">bos_nb</span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">spacetime ────</span></span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; <span style="color: #555555;">Context:</span><span style="color: #555555; font-style: italic;">`geometry`</span></span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; <span style="color: #555555; font-style: italic;">168</span><span style="color: #555555;"> locations `.region_id`</span></span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; <span style="color: #555555; font-style: italic;">10</span><span style="color: #555555;"> time periods `year`</span></span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; <span style="color: #B2B2B2;">── </span><span style="color: #555555; font-style: italic;">geometry context</span><span style="color: #B2B2B2;"> ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────</span></span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; Simple feature collection with 168 features and 3 fields</span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; Geometry type: POLYGON</span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; Dimension:     XY</span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; Bounding box:  xmin: -71.19115 ymin: 42.22788 xmax: -70.99445 ymax: 42.3974</span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; Geodetic CRS:  NAD83</span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; First 10 features:</span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt;     .region_id                       geometry                                nb</span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; 1  25025010405 POLYGON ((-71.09009 42.3466... 2, 72, 93, 94, 108, 143, 144, 166</span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; 2  25025010404 POLYGON ((-71.09066 42.3397...                       1, 143, 166</span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; 3  25025010801 POLYGON ((-71.08159 42.3537...                     4, 6, 87, 164</span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; 4  25025010702 POLYGON ((-71.07066 42.3518...                3, 6, 87, 112, 142</span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; 5  25025010204 POLYGON ((-71.10683 42.3487...                         7, 11, 72</span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; 6  25025010802 POLYGON ((-71.08159 42.3537...                       3, 4, 7, 87</span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; 7  25025010104 POLYGON ((-71.08784 42.3474...                  5, 6, 11, 72, 87</span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; 8  25025000703 POLYGON ((-71.12622 42.3504...                       10, 12, 145</span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; 9  25025000504 POLYGON ((-71.14175 42.3404...            89, 146, 152, 154, 156</span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; 10 25025000704 POLYGON ((-71.13551 42.3487...                  8, 145, 146, 152</span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt;                                                        wt</span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; 1  0.125, 0.125, 0.125, 0.125, 0.125, 0.125, 0.125, 0.125</span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; 2                         0.3333333, 0.3333333, 0.3333333</span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; 3                                  0.25, 0.25, 0.25, 0.25</span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; 4                                 0.2, 0.2, 0.2, 0.2, 0.2</span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; 5                         0.3333333, 0.3333333, 0.3333333</span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; 6                                  0.25, 0.25, 0.25, 0.25</span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; 7                                 0.2, 0.2, 0.2, 0.2, 0.2</span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; 8                         0.3333333, 0.3333333, 0.3333333</span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; 9                                 0.2, 0.2, 0.2, 0.2, 0.2</span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; 10                                 0.25, 0.25, 0.25, 0.25</span></span></code></pre></div>
<p>These can be brought over to our data context for further use.</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb5"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r">
<code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="va">bos_nb</span> <span class="op">&lt;-</span> <span class="va">bos_nb</span> <span class="op">|&gt;</span> </span>
<span>  <span class="fu"><a href="../reference/set_col.html">set_wts</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">|&gt;</span> </span>
<span>  <span class="fu"><a href="../reference/set_col.html">set_nbs</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="va">bos_nb</span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">spacetime ────</span></span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; <span style="color: #555555;">Context:</span><span style="color: #555555; font-style: italic;">`data`</span></span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; <span style="color: #555555; font-style: italic;">168</span><span style="color: #555555;"> locations `.region_id`</span></span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; <span style="color: #555555; font-style: italic;">10</span><span style="color: #555555;"> time periods `year`</span></span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; <span style="color: #B2B2B2;">── </span><span style="color: #555555; font-style: italic;">data context</span><span style="color: #B2B2B2;"> ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────</span></span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; <span style="color: #949494;"># A tibble: 1,680 × 7</span></span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt;    .region_id  ecometric  year value time_period wt        nb       </span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt;    <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;chr&gt;</span>       <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;chr&gt;</span>     <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;int&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;dbl&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;date&gt;</span>      <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;list&gt;</span>    <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;list&gt;</span>   </span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 1</span> 25025010405 Guns       <span style="text-decoration: underline;">2</span>010  0.35 2010-01-01  <span style="color: #949494;">&lt;dbl [8]&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;">&lt;int [8]&gt;</span></span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 2</span> 25025010404 Guns       <span style="text-decoration: underline;">2</span>010  0    2010-01-01  <span style="color: #949494;">&lt;dbl [3]&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;">&lt;int [3]&gt;</span></span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 3</span> 25025010801 Guns       <span style="text-decoration: underline;">2</span>010  0    2010-01-01  <span style="color: #949494;">&lt;dbl [4]&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;">&lt;int [4]&gt;</span></span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 4</span> 25025010702 Guns       <span style="text-decoration: underline;">2</span>010  0.46 2010-01-01  <span style="color: #949494;">&lt;dbl [5]&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;">&lt;int [5]&gt;</span></span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 5</span> 25025010204 Guns       <span style="text-decoration: underline;">2</span>010  0    2010-01-01  <span style="color: #949494;">&lt;dbl [3]&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;">&lt;int [3]&gt;</span></span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 6</span> 25025010802 Guns       <span style="text-decoration: underline;">2</span>010  0    2010-01-01  <span style="color: #949494;">&lt;dbl [4]&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;">&lt;int [4]&gt;</span></span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 7</span> 25025010104 Guns       <span style="text-decoration: underline;">2</span>010  0    2010-01-01  <span style="color: #949494;">&lt;dbl [5]&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;">&lt;int [5]&gt;</span></span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 8</span> 25025000703 Guns       <span style="text-decoration: underline;">2</span>010  0    2010-01-01  <span style="color: #949494;">&lt;dbl [3]&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;">&lt;int [3]&gt;</span></span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 9</span> 25025000504 Guns       <span style="text-decoration: underline;">2</span>010  0.22 2010-01-01  <span style="color: #949494;">&lt;dbl [5]&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;">&lt;int [5]&gt;</span></span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; <span style="color: #BCBCBC;">10</span> 25025000704 Guns       <span style="text-decoration: underline;">2</span>010  0    2010-01-01  <span style="color: #949494;">&lt;dbl [4]&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;">&lt;int [4]&gt;</span></span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; <span style="color: #949494;"># ℹ 1,670 more rows</span></span></span></code></pre></div>
<p>Then we can group our data set and calculate metrics based on
different years. But this is only possible for data that are spacetime
cubes. Read the spacetime vignette for more. We can check if this object
meets the conditions to be a spacetime cube.</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb6"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r">
<code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="fu"><a href="../reference/is_spacetime_cube.html">is_spacetime_cube</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">bos</span><span class="op">)</span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; [1] TRUE</span></span></code></pre></div>
<p>Since this is a spacetime cube, it is safe to perform statistics on
each time slice.</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb7"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r">
<code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="va">bos_gs</span> <span class="op">&lt;-</span> <span class="va">bos_nb</span> <span class="op">|&gt;</span> </span>
<span>  <span class="fu"><a href="../reference/activate.html">activate</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="st">"data"</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">|&gt;</span> </span>
<span>  <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html" class="external-link">filter</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">ecometric</span> <span class="op">==</span> <span class="st">"Guns"</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">|&gt;</span> </span>
<span>  <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html" class="external-link">group_by</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">year</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">|&gt;</span> </span>
<span>  <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html" class="external-link">mutate</a></span><span class="op">(</span>g <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="../reference/local_g.html">local_g</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">value</span>, <span class="va">nb</span>, <span class="va">wt</span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="va">bos_gs</span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">spacetime ────</span></span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; <span style="color: #555555;">Context:</span><span style="color: #555555; font-style: italic;">`data`</span></span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; <span style="color: #555555; font-style: italic;">168</span><span style="color: #555555;"> locations `.region_id`</span></span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; <span style="color: #555555; font-style: italic;">10</span><span style="color: #555555;"> time periods `year`</span></span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; <span style="color: #B2B2B2;">── </span><span style="color: #555555; font-style: italic;">data context</span><span style="color: #B2B2B2;"> ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────</span></span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; <span style="color: #949494;"># A tibble: 1,680 × 8</span></span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; <span style="color: #949494;"># Groups:   year [10]</span></span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt;    .region_id  ecometric  year value time_period wt        nb             g</span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt;  <span style="color: #BCBCBC;">*</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;chr&gt;</span>       <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;chr&gt;</span>     <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;int&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;dbl&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;date&gt;</span>      <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;list&gt;</span>    <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;list&gt;</span>     <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;dbl&gt;</span></span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 1</span> 25025010405 Guns       <span style="text-decoration: underline;">2</span>010  0.35 2010-01-01  <span style="color: #949494;">&lt;dbl [8]&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;">&lt;int [8]&gt;</span> -<span style="color: #BB0000;">0.987</span></span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 2</span> 25025010404 Guns       <span style="text-decoration: underline;">2</span>010  0    2010-01-01  <span style="color: #949494;">&lt;dbl [3]&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;">&lt;int [3]&gt;</span> -<span style="color: #BB0000;">0.930</span></span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 3</span> 25025010801 Guns       <span style="text-decoration: underline;">2</span>010  0    2010-01-01  <span style="color: #949494;">&lt;dbl [4]&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;">&lt;int [4]&gt;</span> -<span style="color: #BB0000;">1.08</span> </span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 4</span> 25025010702 Guns       <span style="text-decoration: underline;">2</span>010  0.46 2010-01-01  <span style="color: #949494;">&lt;dbl [5]&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;">&lt;int [5]&gt;</span> -<span style="color: #BB0000;">1.04</span> </span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 5</span> 25025010204 Guns       <span style="text-decoration: underline;">2</span>010  0    2010-01-01  <span style="color: #949494;">&lt;dbl [3]&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;">&lt;int [3]&gt;</span> -<span style="color: #BB0000;">0.864</span></span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 6</span> 25025010802 Guns       <span style="text-decoration: underline;">2</span>010  0    2010-01-01  <span style="color: #949494;">&lt;dbl [4]&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;">&lt;int [4]&gt;</span> -<span style="color: #BB0000;">1.08</span> </span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 7</span> 25025010104 Guns       <span style="text-decoration: underline;">2</span>010  0    2010-01-01  <span style="color: #949494;">&lt;dbl [5]&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;">&lt;int [5]&gt;</span> -<span style="color: #BB0000;">1.33</span> </span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 8</span> 25025000703 Guns       <span style="text-decoration: underline;">2</span>010  0    2010-01-01  <span style="color: #949494;">&lt;dbl [3]&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;">&lt;int [3]&gt;</span> -<span style="color: #BB0000;">1.02</span> </span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 9</span> 25025000504 Guns       <span style="text-decoration: underline;">2</span>010  0.22 2010-01-01  <span style="color: #949494;">&lt;dbl [5]&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;">&lt;int [5]&gt;</span> -<span style="color: #BB0000;">1.34</span> </span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; <span style="color: #BCBCBC;">10</span> 25025000704 Guns       <span style="text-decoration: underline;">2</span>010  0    2010-01-01  <span style="color: #949494;">&lt;dbl [4]&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;">&lt;int [4]&gt;</span> -<span style="color: #BB0000;">1.25</span> </span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; <span style="color: #949494;"># ℹ 1,670 more rows</span></span></span></code></pre></div>
<p>Now that the measure has been calculated for each timeslice, we can
connect the geometries for each time slice for the purpose of
visualization.</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Note that the spacetime class’ objective is to avoid geometry
duplication. But it is necessary for visualization with ggplot2.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>We can cast to an sf object with <code><a href="../reference/as_spacetime.html">as_sf()</a></code>.</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb8"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r">
<code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html" class="external-link">library</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org" class="external-link">ggplot2</a></span><span class="op">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co"># cast to sf object. Uses merge under the hood</span></span>
<span><span class="co"># so if duplicate columns exist, we can specify suffix names</span></span>
<span><span class="fu"><a href="../reference/as_spacetime.html">as_sf</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">bos_gs</span>, suffixes <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html" class="external-link">c</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="st">"_geo"</span>, <span class="st">"_data"</span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">|&gt;</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/ggplot.html" class="external-link">ggplot</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="fu"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/aes.html" class="external-link">aes</a></span><span class="op">(</span>fill <span class="op">=</span> <span class="va">g</span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/ggsf.html" class="external-link">geom_sf</a></span><span class="op">(</span>color <span class="op">=</span> <span class="cn">NA</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/facet_wrap.html" class="external-link">facet_wrap</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="st">"year"</span>, nrow <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fl">2</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/scale_gradient.html" class="external-link">scale_fill_gradient2</a></span><span class="op">(</span></span>
<span>    high <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu">scales</span><span class="fu">::</span><span class="fu"><a href="https://scales.r-lib.org/reference/muted.html" class="external-link">muted</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="st">"red"</span><span class="op">)</span>,</span>
<span>    low <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu">scales</span><span class="fu">::</span><span class="fu"><a href="https://scales.r-lib.org/reference/muted.html" class="external-link">muted</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="st">"blue"</span><span class="op">)</span></span>
<span>    <span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">+</span> </span>
<span>  <span class="fu"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/labs.html" class="external-link">labs</a></span><span class="op">(</span>title <span class="op">=</span> <span class="st">"Gun ecometric hotspots"</span>,</span>
<span>       subtitle <span class="op">=</span> <span class="st">"2010 - 2019"</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">+</span> </span>
<span>  <span class="fu"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/ggtheme.html" class="external-link">theme_void</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">+</span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu"><a href="https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/theme.html" class="external-link">theme</a></span><span class="op">(</span>legend.position <span class="op">=</span> <span class="st">"bottom"</span><span class="op">)</span></span></code></pre></div>
<p><img src="Version-0-2-0_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-8-1.png" width="700"></p>
<blockquote>
<p>Note that the holes are due to missing data in the original
dataset.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div class="section level2">
<h2 id="point-pattern-analysis">Point Pattern analysis<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#point-pattern-analysis"></a>
</h2>
<p>There were a few additional functions added which pertain to point
pattern analysis. Namely regarding finding centers and creating ellipses
based on the centers. These functions supplement gaps in other spatial
analysis libraries such as spatstat.</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb9"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r">
<code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html" class="external-link">library</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va"><a href="https://r-spatial.github.io/sf/" class="external-link">sf</a></span><span class="op">)</span></span>
<span><span class="co">#&gt; Linking to GEOS 3.11.0, GDAL 3.5.3, PROJ 9.1.0; sf_use_s2() is TRUE</span></span>
<span><span class="kw"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html" class="external-link">library</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va"><a href="https://sfdep.josiahparry.com" class="external-link">sfdep</a></span><span class="op">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="va">pnts</span> <span class="op">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://r-spatial.github.io/sf/reference/st_sample.html" class="external-link">st_sample</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">guerry</span>, <span class="fl">250</span><span class="op">)</span></span></code></pre></div>
<p>We can calculate the euclidean median center and plot it over all the
points.</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb10"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r">
<code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="va">cent</span> <span class="op">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu"><a href="../reference/center_mean.html">euclidean_median</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">pnts</span><span class="op">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/graphics/plot.default.html" class="external-link">plot</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">pnts</span><span class="op">)</span></span>
<span><span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/graphics/plot.default.html" class="external-link">plot</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">cent</span>, col <span class="op">=</span> <span class="st">"red"</span>, pch <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fl">17</span>, add <span class="op">=</span> <span class="cn">TRUE</span><span class="op">)</span></span></code></pre></div>
<p><img src="Version-0-2-0_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-10-1.png" width="700"></p>
<p>Additionally, we can identify the standard deviational ellipse for
our point set.</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb11"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r">
<code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="va">ellip_cent</span> <span class="op">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu"><a href="../reference/std_dev_ellipse.html">std_dev_ellipse</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">pnts</span><span class="op">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="va">ellip</span> <span class="op">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu"><a href="../reference/ellipse.html">st_ellipse</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">ellip_cent</span>, </span>
<span>           <span class="va">ellip_cent</span><span class="op">$</span><span class="va">sx</span>, </span>
<span>           <span class="va">ellip_cent</span><span class="op">$</span><span class="va">sy</span>, </span>
<span>           <span class="va">ellip_cent</span><span class="op">$</span><span class="va">theta</span><span class="op">)</span> </span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/graphics/plot.default.html" class="external-link">plot</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">ellip</span><span class="op">)</span></span>
<span><span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/graphics/plot.default.html" class="external-link">plot</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">pnts</span>, add <span class="op">=</span> <span class="cn">TRUE</span><span class="op">)</span></span></code></pre></div>
<p><img src="Version-0-2-0_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-11-1.png" width="700"></p>
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