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| Guerry   | R Documentation   |
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Data from A.-M. Guerry, "Essay on the Moral Statistics of France"
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Description
~~~~~~~~~~~

Andre-Michel Guerry (1833) was the first to systematically collect and
analyze social data on such things as crime, literacy and suicide with
the view to determining social laws and the relations among these
variables.

The Guerry data frame comprises a collection of 'moral variables' on the
86 departments of France around 1830. A few additional variables have
been added from other sources.

Usage
~~~~~

::

    data(Guerry)

Format
~~~~~~

A data frame with 86 observations (the departments of France) on the
following 23 variables.

``dept``
    Department ID: Standard numbers for the departments, except for
    Corsica (200)

``Region``
    Region of France ('N'='North', 'S'='South', 'E'='East', 'W'='West',
    'C'='Central'). Corsica is coded as NA

``Department``
    Department name: Departments are named according to usage in 1830,
    but without accents. A factor with levels ``Ain`` ``Aisne``
    ``Allier`` ... ``Vosges`` ``Yonne``

``Crime_pers``
    Population per Crime against persons. Source: A2 (Compte général,
    1825-1830)

``Crime_prop``
    Population per Crime against property. Source: A2 (Compte général,
    1825-1830)

``Literacy``
    Percent Read & Write: Percent of military conscripts who can read
    and write. Source: A2

``Donations``
    Donations to the poor. Source: A2 (Bulletin des lois)

``Infants``
    Population per illegitimate birth. Source: A2 (Bureaau des
    Longitudes, 1817-1821)

``Suicides``
    Population per suicide. Source: A2 (Compte général, 1827-1830)

``MainCity``
    Size of principal city ('1:Sm', '2:Med', '3:Lg'), used as a
    surrogate for poulation density. Large refers to the top 10, small
    to the bottom 10; all the rest are classed Medium. Source: A1. An
    ordered factor with levels ``1:Sm`` < ``2:Med`` < ``3:Lg``

``Wealth``
    Per capita tax on personal property. A ranked index based on taxes
    on personal and movable property per inhabitant. Source: A1

``Commerce``
    Commerce and Industry, measured by the rank of the number of patents
    / population. Source: A1

``Clergy``
    Distribution of clergy, measured by the rank of the number of
    Catholic priests in active service / population. Source: A1
    (Almanach officiel du clergy, 1829)

``Crime_parents``
    Crimes against parents, measured by the rank of the ratio of crimes
    against parents to all crimes– Average for the years 1825-1830.
    Source: A1 (Compte général)

``Infanticide``
    Infanticides per capita. A ranked ratio of number of infanticides to
    population– Average for the years 1825-1830. Source: A1 (Compte
    général)

``Donation_clergy``
    Donations to the clergy. A ranked ratio of the number of bequests
    and donations inter vivios to population– Average for the years
    1815-1824. Source: A1 (Bull. des lois, ordunn. d'autorisation)

``Lottery``
    Per capita wager on Royal Lottery. Ranked ratio of the proceeds bet
    on the royal lottery to population— Average for the years 1822-1826.
    Source: A1 (Compte rendus par le ministre des finances)

``Desertion``
    Military disertion, ratio of the number of young soldiers accused of
    desertion to the force of the military contingent, minus the deficit
    produced by the insufficiency of available billets– Average of the
    years 1825-1827. Source: A1 (Compte du ministere du guerre, 1829
    etat V)

``Instruction``
    Instruction. Ranks recorded from Guerry's map of Instruction. Note:
    this is inversely related to ``Literacy`` (as defined here)

``Prostitutes``
    Prostitutes in Paris. Number of prostitutes registered in Paris from
    1816 to 1834, classified by the department of their birth Source:
    Parent-Duchatelet (1836), *De la prostitution en Paris*

``Distance``
    Distance to Paris (km). Distance of each department centroid to the
    centroid of the Seine (Paris) Source: cakculated from department
    centroids

``Area``
    Area (1000 km^2). Source: Angeville (1836)

``Pop1831``
    1831 population. Population in 1831, taken from Angeville (1836),
    *Essai sur la Statistique de la Population français*, in 1000s

Details
~~~~~~~

Note that most of the variables (e.g., ``Crime_pers``) are scaled so
that 'more is better' morally.

Values for the quantitative variables displayed on Guerry's maps were
taken from Table A2 in the English translation of Guerry (1833) by Whitt
and Reinking. Values for the ranked variables were taken from Table A1,
with some corrections applied. The maximum is indicated by rank 1, and
the minimum by rank 86.

Source
~~~~~~

Angeville, A. (1836). *Essai sur la Statistique de la Population
française* Paris: F. Doufour.

Guerry, A.-M. (1833). *Essai sur la statistique morale de la France*
Paris: Crochard. English translation: Hugh P. Whitt and Victor W.
Reinking, Lewiston, N.Y. : Edwin Mellen Press, 2002.

Parent-Duchatelet, A. (1836). *De la prostitution dans la ville de
Paris*, 3rd ed, 1857, p. 32, 36

References
~~~~~~~~~~

Dray, S. and Jombart, T. (2011). A Revisit Of Guerry's Data: Introducing
Spatial Constraints In Multivariate Analysis. *The Annals of Applied
Statistics*, Vol. 5, No. 4, 2278-2299.
`http://arxiv.org/pdf/1202.6485.pdf <http://arxiv.org/pdf/1202.6485.pdf>`_,
DOI: 10.1214/10-AOAS356.

Brunsdon, C. and Dykes, J. (2007). Geographically weighted
visualization: interactive graphics for scale-varying exploratory
analysis. Geographical Information Science Research Conference (GISRUK
07), NUI Maynooth, Ireland, April, 2007.

Friendly, M. (2007). A.-M. Guerry's Moral Statistics of France:
Challenges for Multivariable Spatial Analysis. *Statistical Science*,
22, 368-399.

Friendly, M. (2007). Data from A.-M. Guerry, Essay on the Moral
Statistics of France (1833),
`http://datavis.ca/gallery/guerry/guerrydat.html <http://datavis.ca/gallery/guerry/guerrydat.html>`_.

See Also
~~~~~~~~

The Guerry package for maps of France: ``gfrance`` and related data.

Examples
~~~~~~~~

::

    data(Guerry)
    ## maybe str(Guerry) ; plot(Guerry) ...

