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gather variables and their values from that data frame into a ".variable" and ".value" column.'><meta property="og:image" content="https://mjskay.github.io/tidybayes/logo.svg"><!-- mathjax --><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.5/MathJax.js" integrity="sha256-nvJJv9wWKEm88qvoQl9ekL2J+k/RWIsaSScxxlsrv8k=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.5/config/TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML.js" integrity="sha256-84DKXVJXs0/F8OTMzX4UR909+jtl4G7SPypPavF+GfA=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script><!--[if lt IE 9]>
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    <div class="page-header">
    <h1>Gather variables from a tidy data frame of draws from variables into a single column</h1>
    <small class="dont-index">Source: <a href="https://github.com/mjskay/tidybayes/blob/HEAD/R/gather_variables.R" class="external-link"><code>R/gather_variables.R</code></a></small>
    <div class="hidden name"><code>gather_variables.Rd</code></div>
    </div>

    <div class="ref-description">
    <p>Given a data frame such as might be returned by <code><a href="tidy_draws.html">tidy_draws()</a></code> or <code><a href="spread_draws.html">spread_draws()</a></code>,
gather variables and their values from that data frame into a <code>".variable"</code> and <code>".value"</code> column.</p>
    </div>

    <div id="ref-usage">
    <div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code><span><span class="fu">gather_variables</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">data</span>, exclude <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html" class="external-link">c</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="st">".chain"</span>, <span class="st">".iteration"</span>, <span class="st">".draw"</span>, <span class="st">".row"</span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span></span></code></pre></div>
    </div>

    <div id="arguments">
    <h2>Arguments</h2>


<dl><dt id="arg-data">data<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#arg-data"></a></dt>
<dd><p>A data frame with variable names spread across columns, such as one returned by
<code><a href="tidy_draws.html">tidy_draws()</a></code> or <code><a href="spread_draws.html">spread_draws()</a></code>.</p></dd>


<dt id="arg-exclude">exclude<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#arg-exclude"></a></dt>
<dd><p>A character vector of names of columns to be excluded from the gather. Default
ignores several meta-data column names used in tidybayes.</p></dd>

</dl></div>
    <div id="value">
    <h2>Value</h2>
    <p>A data frame.</p>
    </div>
    <div id="details">
    <h2>Details</h2>
    <p>This function gathers every column except grouping columns and those matching the expression
<code>exclude</code> into key/value columns <code>".variable"</code> and <code>".value"</code>.</p>
<p>Imagine a data frame <code>data</code> as returned by <code>spread_draws(fit, a[i], b[i,v])</code>, like this:</p><ul><li><p>column <code>".chain"</code>: the chain number</p></li>
<li><p>column <code>".iteration"</code>: the iteration number</p></li>
<li><p>column <code>".draw"</code>: the draw number</p></li>
<li><p>column <code>"i"</code>: value in <code>1:5</code></p></li>
<li><p>column <code>"v"</code>: value in <code>1:10</code></p></li>
<li><p>column <code>"a"</code>: value of <code>"a[i]"</code> for draw number <code>".draw"</code></p></li>
<li><p>column <code>"b"</code>: value of <code>"b[i,v]"</code> for draw number <code>".draw"</code></p></li>
</ul><p><code>gather_variables(data)</code> on that data frame would return a grouped
data frame (grouped by <code>i</code> and <code>v</code>), with:</p><ul><li><p>column <code>".chain"</code>: the chain number</p></li>
<li><p>column <code>".iteration"</code>: the iteration number</p></li>
<li><p>column <code>".draw"</code>: the draw number</p></li>
<li><p>column <code>"i"</code>: value in <code>1:5</code></p></li>
<li><p>column <code>"v"</code>: value in <code>1:10</code></p></li>
<li><p>column <code>".variable"</code>: value in <code>c("a", "b")</code>.</p></li>
<li><p>column <code>".value"</code>: value of <code>"a[i]"</code> (when <code>".variable"</code> is <code>"a"</code>;
repeated for every value of <code>"v"</code>) or <code>"b[i,v]"</code> (when <code>".variable"</code> is
<code>"b"</code>) for draw number <code>".draw"</code></p></li>
</ul><p>In this example, this call:</p>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre><code><span><span class="fu"><a href="../reference/gather_variables.html">gather_variables</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">data</span><span class="op">)</span></span></code></pre></div>

<p>Is roughly equivalent to:</p>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre><code><span><span class="va">data</span> <span class="op"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html" class="external-link">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu">gather</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">.variable</span>, <span class="va">.value</span>, <span class="op">-</span><span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html" class="external-link">c</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">.chain</span>, <span class="va">.iteration</span>, <span class="va">.draw</span>, <span class="va">i</span>, <span class="va">v</span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html" class="external-link">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span>  <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html" class="external-link">group_by</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">.variable</span>, .add <span class="op">=</span> <span class="cn">TRUE</span><span class="op">)</span></span></code></pre></div>

    </div>
    <div id="see-also">
    <h2>See also</h2>
    <div class="dont-index"><p><code><a href="spread_draws.html">spread_draws()</a></code>, <code><a href="tidy_draws.html">tidy_draws()</a></code>.</p></div>
    </div>
    <div id="author">
    <h2>Author</h2>
    <p>Matthew Kay</p>
    </div>

    <div id="ref-examples">
    <h2>Examples</h2>
    <div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code><span class="r-in"><span><span class="co"># \donttest{</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="kw"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html" class="external-link">library</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org" class="external-link">dplyr</a></span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/utils/data.html" class="external-link">data</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">RankCorr</span>, package <span class="op">=</span> <span class="st">"ggdist"</span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="va">RankCorr</span> <span class="op"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html" class="external-link">%&gt;%</a></span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span>  <span class="fu"><a href="spread_draws.html">spread_draws</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">b</span><span class="op">[</span><span class="va">i</span>,<span class="va">v</span><span class="op">]</span>, <span class="va">tau</span><span class="op">[</span><span class="va">i</span><span class="op">]</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html" class="external-link">%&gt;%</a></span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span>  <span class="fu">gather_variables</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html" class="external-link">%&gt;%</a></span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span>  <span class="fu"><a href="http://mjskay.github.io/ggdist/reference/point_interval.html" class="external-link">median_qi</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># A tibble: 24 × 9</span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span>        i     v .variable .value  .lower .upper .width .point .interval</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span>    <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;int&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;int&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;chr&gt;</span>      <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;dbl&gt;</span>   <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;dbl&gt;</span>  <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;dbl&gt;</span>  <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;dbl&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;chr&gt;</span>  <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;chr&gt;</span>    </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 1</span>     1     1 b         -<span style="color: #BB0000;">1.08</span>  -<span style="color: #BB0000;">1.27</span>   -<span style="color: #BB0000;">0.897</span>   0.95 median qi       </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 2</span>     1     1 tau        6.03   5.03    7.11    0.95 median qi       </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 3</span>     1     2 b         -<span style="color: #BB0000;">1.83</span>  -<span style="color: #BB0000;">2.08</span>   -<span style="color: #BB0000;">1.54</span>    0.95 median qi       </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 4</span>     1     2 tau        6.03   5.03    7.11    0.95 median qi       </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 5</span>     1     3 b          0.175  0.044<span style="text-decoration: underline;">7</span>  0.322   0.95 median qi       </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 6</span>     1     3 tau        6.03   5.03    7.11    0.95 median qi       </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 7</span>     1     4 b         -<span style="color: #BB0000;">0.101</span> -<span style="color: #BB0000;">0.347</span>   0.134   0.95 median qi       </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 8</span>     1     4 tau        6.03   5.03    7.11    0.95 median qi       </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 9</span>     2     1 b         -<span style="color: #BB0000;">0.739</span> -<span style="color: #BB0000;">1.01</span>   -<span style="color: #BB0000;">0.430</span>   0.95 median qi       </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;">10</span>     2     1 tau        3.30   2.41    4.46    0.95 median qi       </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># ℹ 14 more rows</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="co"># the first three lines below are roughly equivalent to ggmcmc::ggs(RankCorr)</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="va">RankCorr</span> <span class="op"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html" class="external-link">%&gt;%</a></span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span>  <span class="fu"><a href="tidy_draws.html">tidy_draws</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html" class="external-link">%&gt;%</a></span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span>  <span class="fu">gather_variables</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html" class="external-link">%&gt;%</a></span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span>  <span class="fu"><a href="http://mjskay.github.io/ggdist/reference/point_interval.html" class="external-link">median_qi</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># A tibble: 19 × 7</span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span>    .variable  .value  .lower  .upper .width .point .interval</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span>    <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;chr&gt;</span>       <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;dbl&gt;</span>   <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;dbl&gt;</span>   <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;dbl&gt;</span>  <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;dbl&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;chr&gt;</span>  <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;chr&gt;</span>    </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 1</span> b[1,1]    -<span style="color: #BB0000;">1.08</span>   -<span style="color: #BB0000;">1.27</span>   -<span style="color: #BB0000;">0.897</span>    0.95 median qi       </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 2</span> b[1,2]    -<span style="color: #BB0000;">1.83</span>   -<span style="color: #BB0000;">2.08</span>   -<span style="color: #BB0000;">1.54</span>     0.95 median qi       </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 3</span> b[1,3]     0.175   0.044<span style="text-decoration: underline;">7</span>  0.322    0.95 median qi       </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 4</span> b[1,4]    -<span style="color: #BB0000;">0.101</span>  -<span style="color: #BB0000;">0.347</span>   0.134    0.95 median qi       </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 5</span> b[2,1]    -<span style="color: #BB0000;">0.739</span>  -<span style="color: #BB0000;">1.01</span>   -<span style="color: #BB0000;">0.430</span>    0.95 median qi       </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 6</span> b[2,2]     0.090<span style="text-decoration: underline;">9</span> -<span style="color: #BB0000;">0.384</span>   0.602    0.95 median qi       </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 7</span> b[2,3]    -<span style="color: #BB0000;">0.175</span>  -<span style="color: #BB0000;">0.410</span>   0.056<span style="text-decoration: underline;">3</span>   0.95 median qi       </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 8</span> b[2,4]     0.270  -<span style="color: #BB0000;">0.151</span>   0.710    0.95 median qi       </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 9</span> b[3,1]    -<span style="color: #BB0000;">0.340</span>  -<span style="color: #BB0000;">0.609</span>  -<span style="color: #BB0000;">0.061</span><span style="color: #BB0000; text-decoration: underline;">5</span>   0.95 median qi       </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;">10</span> b[3,2]    -<span style="color: #BB0000;">0.732</span>  -<span style="color: #BB0000;">1.18</span>   -<span style="color: #BB0000;">0.286</span>    0.95 median qi       </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;">11</span> b[3,3]     0.063<span style="text-decoration: underline;">6</span> -<span style="color: #BB0000;">0.163</span>   0.312    0.95 median qi       </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;">12</span> b[3,4]     0.091<span style="text-decoration: underline;">8</span> -<span style="color: #BB0000;">0.327</span>   0.463    0.95 median qi       </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;">13</span> tau[1]     6.03    5.03    7.11     0.95 median qi       </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;">14</span> tau[2]     3.30    2.41    4.46     0.95 median qi       </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;">15</span> tau[3]     3.65    2.73    4.72     0.95 median qi       </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;">16</span> typical_r  0.548   0.309   0.778    0.95 median qi       </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;">17</span> u_tau[1]   5.62    3.86    8.03     0.95 median qi       </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;">18</span> u_tau[2]   5.48    3.46    9.07     0.95 median qi       </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;">19</span> u_tau[3]   4.96    3.10    7.86     0.95 median qi       </span>
<span class="r-in"><span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="co"># }</span></span></span>
</code></pre></div>
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