@inproceedings{kartchner-etal-2023-zero,
    title = "Zero-Shot Information Extraction for Clinical Meta-Analysis using Large Language Models",
    author = "Kartchner, David  and
      Ramalingam, Selvi  and
      Al-Hussaini, Irfan  and
      Kronick, Olivia  and
      Mitchell, Cassie",
    editor = "Demner-fushman, Dina  and
      Ananiadou, Sophia  and
      Cohen, Kevin",
    booktitle = "The 22nd Workshop on Biomedical Natural Language Processing and BioNLP Shared Tasks",
    month = jul,
    year = "2023",
    address = "Toronto, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2023.bionlp-1.37",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/2023.bionlp-1.37",
    pages = "396--405",
    abstract = "Meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) plays a crucial role in evidence-based medicine but can be labor-intensive and error-prone. This study explores the use of large language models to enhance the efficiency of aggregating results from randomized clinical trials (RCTs) at scale. We perform a detailed comparison of the performance of these models in zero-shot prompt-based information extraction from a diverse set of RCTs to traditional manual annotation methods. We analyze the results for two different meta-analyses aimed at drug repurposing in cancer therapy pharmacovigilience in chronic myeloid leukemia. Our findings reveal that the best model for the two demonstrated tasks, ChatGPT can generally extract correct information and identify when the desired information is missing from an article. We additionally conduct a systematic error analysis, documenting the prevalence of diverse error types encountered during the process of prompt-based information extraction.",
}

Meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) plays a crucial role in evidence-based medicine but can be labor-intensive and error-prone. This study explores the use of large language models to enhance the efficiency of aggregating results from randomized clinical trials (RCTs) at scale. We perform a detailed comparison of the performance of these models in zero-shot prompt-based information extraction from a diverse set of RCTs to traditional manual annotation methods. We analyze the results for two different meta-analyses aimed at drug repurposing in cancer therapy pharmacovigilience in chronic myeloid leukemia. Our findings reveal that the best model for the two demonstrated tasks, ChatGPT can generally extract correct information and identify when the desired information is missing from an article. We additionally conduct a systematic error analysis, documenting the prevalence of diverse error types encountered during the process of prompt-based information extraction.
Kartchner, David Ramalingam, Selvi Al-Hussaini, Irfan Kronick, Olivia Mitchell, Cassie
Zero-Shot Information Extraction for Clinical Meta-Analysis using Large Language Models