Empedocles stated that all matter is made up of four elemental substances: earth, fire, air and water. the early theory of atomism can be traced back to ancient Greece and ancient India. Greek atomism dates back to the Greek philosopher Democritus, who declared that matter is composed of indivisible and indestructible particles called "atomos" around 380 BC. Leucippus also declared that atoms were the most indivisible part of matter. This coincided with a similar declaration by Indian philosopher Kanada in his Vaisheshika sutras around the same time period. In much the same fashion he discussed the existence of gases. What sutra by Kanada, Democritus declared by philosophical muscular. Both suffered from a lack of empirical data. Without proof of existence, Empedocles denied the early theory of atomism.
الأرض والنار والهواء والماء