The BBC's new book, The Clash, is now available for download.
The book is available for download on the BBC website.
The book is available for download on the BBC website.
The book is available for download on the BBC website.
The book is available for download on the BBC website.

Photographs capturing some of the most important moments and inspirational figures of the Rock Against Racism movement are to go on show in Bradford.

Article: Baggage-handling company Swissport has drafted in 40 extra staff to avoid a repeat of the problems where some travellers went home without luggage.
The company apologised for last week's delays, blaming a staff shortage.
Travel organisation Abta has advised air passengers to carry essential items in their hand luggage.
Gatwick's management has also laid on staff to assist with the baggage operation.
It had been critical of Swissport's performance, saying it had failed to meet standards.
An airport spokesman said early indications on Saturday showed all flights had so far met the time targets for returning luggage to the baggage claim area.
"The average wait time in the hall this morning so far has been 30 minutes, which is no different to most other weekends.
"Going into the weekend we are not expecting any issues but we have put extra staff in place," he said.
All of the 41 flights to arrive at Gatwick between 01:00 and 06:00 BST returned baggage to the carousel within 55 minutes of arrival.
About 132,000 passengers are expected to pass through the airport on Saturday, with about 144,000 expected on Sunday.
On Thursday, it emerged airline Monarch had ended two contracts with Swissport, following last weekend's problems.
The BBC understands a new baggage handler will be appointed by November.

Summary: Passengers reclaiming their baggage at Gatwick Airport have had little or no delay after extra staff were brought in following last weekend's disruption.
###
Article: In a speech ahead of the referendum on Scottish independence, Lord McConnell said home rule within the UK was "the best and most positive system for us".
He called for a "conference for a new union" to debate how the UK is governed after the vote in September.
Yes Scotland said independence should be "the next step" after devolution.
Jack McConnell served as Labour First Minister of Scotland from 2001-07 and became a Labour peer in 2010.
He appeared in Edinburgh alongside his former Lib Dem deputy Lord Wallace, now a UK government minister, at an event to mark the 15th anniversary of the opening of the Scottish Parliament in 1999.
He said Scotland was "a better place" with its own devolved Parliament.
Lord McConnell said he did not see himself as a unionist or a nationalist but as "a patriot" adding that he had campaigned for devolution since the referendum in 1979 to decide whether to establish a Scottish Assembly.
He appealed to voters in the 18 September referendum to vote "No" to "save devolution".
He pointed to the introduction of a smoking ban in public places in 2006 as an example of a devolved Scottish Parliament leading the way in the UK, calling it "a law supported by the people because it was made here in Scotland, by people accountable to Scots".
He added that devolution had made Scotland "economically stronger: with higher employment, strong inward investment, and a booming tourist industry".
And he argued that Scotland currently benefitted from security as part of the UK and services including a network of embassies and consulates to promote Scotland.
"Does it make sense to share sovereignty on foreign affairs, defence, some areas of economic policy, and much that derives from it, both the creation of wealth and its distribution?" he asked.
"Of course it does. And that is why I will be fighting positively for home rule inside the UK."
The former first minister said he didn't support a "centralised" state in the UK.
"I would like to see a conference for the new union, where there is a genuine...

Summary: Scotland should voluntarily share sovereignty with the rest of the UK in areas of common interest, former First Minister Lord McConnell has said.
###
Article: British European Airways was the first operator to fly from Terminal 1 when it was opened by the Queen in May 1968.
The final departure is also due to be a British Airways flight, this time to Hanover.
Its closure will allow Terminal 2 to be expanded and comes in the week the Airport Commission decides whether to permit a third runway at Heathrow.
A spokesman for Heathrow Airport said the industry expected Sir Howard Davies's report on airport expansion to be published later this week.
At its peak, more than nine million passengers a year passed through Terminal 1, which was the largest short-haul terminal in Western Europe.
In recent weeks, flights have been transferred to Terminal 2 and passengers numbers have fallen to just 1,700 and 17 flights a day.
Terminal 2 will be expanded to take the place of Terminal 1 and if the government supports a third runway at Heathrow then Terminal 2 will be extended further still.
Heathrow chief executive John Holland Kaye said; "The closure of Terminal 1 marks another important milestone in the transformation of Heathrow.
"Terminal 1 has served Britain well for nearly 50 years, but will soon make way for the expansion of Terminal 2, giving Britain a world class airport that we can all be proud of."

Summary: After 47 years Heathrow Airport's Terminal 1 will close its doors to passengers for the last time tonight.
###
Article: The Trust have announced that applications for the New Writers Awards 2017 are now open.
This scheme provides financial support to ten unpublished authors who live in Scotland.
Writers winning the award will receive Â£2,000, mentoring from industry professionals and the opportunity to showcase work to publishers and agents.
The annual awards are managed by the Scottish Book Trust in association with Creative Scotland.
Applications are invited from Scottish-based writers who have not published a novel, short story or poetry works.
Successful applicants will be announced in January 2017.
Caitrin Armstrong, Head of Writer Development at Scottish Book Trust, said:  "Writing is often a lonely pursuit and it can be very difficult for writers to get themselves noticed.
"That is why the New Writers Awards are so important to writers in Scotland - we give them support, encouragement and friendship, along with a bit of financial and physical breathing space to enable them to concentrate on their writing for a while."

Summary: The Scottish Book Trust are looking for new authors to develop their writing towards publication.
###
Article: The images, taken by Syd Shelton, from Pontefract, include pictures of The Clash, Misty in Roots and The Specials.
The collection also features photos taken at the Rock Against Racism Carnival at Victoria Park, Hackney, which attracted a crowd of 100,000.
The show runs from Friday to 3 September at the Impression Gallery.
The Rock Against Racism (RAR) movement formed in response to controversial remarks made by Eric Clapton in 1976.
In the following years, RAR staged marches, festivals and more than 500 concerts in the UK in a bid to fight racism through music.
Shelton, who studied Fine Art in Leeds and Wakefield, said he became involved with the movement after returning to the UK from America in 1976.
He said: "I was appalled at the state of race relations in Britain, in particular things like the Black and White Minstrel Show and the signs I saw in some windows saying 'No Blacks, No Dogs, No Irish'.
"It was a pretty serious situation and I always loved music and very quickly hooked up with the people that had set up RAR.
"It was a bizarre mixture of people, photographers, graphic designers, writers, actors and, of course, musicians.
"We were very lucky in the sense that we tuned in to that explosion of punk and UK reggae and brought the two together. That said more about what RAR was about than any of the slogans we may have shouted from the stage."
He added: "I hope the exhibition shows that you can change things and you can actually take a stand, even in the most difficult of situations.
"If it inspires people to be photographers that would be great but I hope it will also inspire people to fight against racism and inequality."

Summary:


A schoolgirl with an "ultra-rare" genetic condition is celebrating a decision to fund life-changing medication on the NHS in Wales.

Article: Alex Neil made the pledge after a Scottish government paper said ministers were "considering the eligibility criteria".
Alternative options included a fuel bill rebate or using the funding to provide warmer homes, the paper said.
The government said no-one who receives the benefit currently would lose it.
The winter fuel allowance, of up to Â£300, is currently available to everyone aged over 62 and is paid to about 1.1m people in Scotland each year.
In 2013/14 the total amount spent on winter fuel payments in Scotland was Â£186m.
The government paper on social security stresses the need to "target resources" to make the most of a "limited budget".
It said ministers could look at "converting the payments into a fuel bill rebate or using the funding to provide warmer, more affordable homes".
A Scottish government spokesperson later clarified the plans, saying: "There is absolutely no question of means-testing eligibility for the winter fuel allowance - or of removing entitlement from anyone who currently receives it.
"What the consultation is aimed at, is seeing if it would be appropriate and effective to use winter fuel payments as part of our aims to tackle fuel poverty and make homes warmer.
"This includes looking at whether it is appropriate to extend eligibility and if fuel bill rebates should be considered. We want to help people who are struggling to keep their homes warm - and this is one area we are exploring to see if are able to do that."
Last year the SNP called for an increase in winter fuel payments, and pledged to protect the allowance in its 2015 election manifesto.
There have previously been calls to means-test fuel payments. A BBC investigation found that across the UK only about 400 out of 12 million recipients had chosen to decline the allowance.
The new paper on social security in Scotland says "tackling fuel poverty" is "a priority for the Scottish government", but calls for views on how effective the payments are in doing this and what changes "might be welcomed".
An Age Scotland...

Summary: Scotland's social justice secretary has promised not to abolish, cut or means-test the winter fuel payment when it comes under Holyrood control.
###
Article: Marine Le Pen's FN is leading in six of 13 regions in mainland France.
But opinion polls indicate that the centre-right Republican opposition of Nicolas Sarkozy has gained ground since then.
The Republicans pushed the ruling Socialists into third place in the first round.
The Socialists have removed losing candidates from vulnerable seats to avoid splitting the anti-FN vote. However, the Republicans have refused to do the same.
The second round of France's elections have traditionally acted as a brake on the FN, the BBC's Lucy Williamson in Paris reports.
But in some areas the results of Sunday's vote are expected to be close, and these elections are being watched for signs of what position the FN now occupies in French politics, our correspondent says.
The far right's charm offensive
Marine Le Pen: Taking French National Front to new highs and lows
The FN won 27.73% of the vote in the first round, followed by Mr Sarkozy's Republicans on 26.65% and President Francois Hollande's Socialists with 23.12%.
FN leader Marine Le Pen, who stood in the northern region of Nord-Pas-de-Calais-Picardie, and her niece Marion Marechal-Le Pen, who stood in Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur in the south, both looked to have won more than 40% of the vote.
Marine Le Pen later told her supporters it was a "magnificent result" which proved the FN was "without contest the first party of France".
As well as those two regions, the vote in Alsace-Champagne-Ardenne-Lorraine is being closely watched. There, the Socialist candidate rejected his party's call to pull out.
French regions have wide powers over local transport, education and economic development.
The far right has been steadily gaining votes over the past few years from both left- and right-wing sympathisers through a mix of nationalist and pro-welfare policies, correspondents say.
In the lead-up to the first round, opinion polls suggested that the popularity of the anti-immigration, anti-EU FN had increased since the deadly attacks in Paris on 13 November.
Who were Paris...

Summary: France is holding the second round of regional elections in which the far-right National Front (FN) is seeking to consolidate its gains from a week ago.
###
Article: The United States Air Force (USAF) announced a year ago that it would vacate the base by 2020.
A decision on its future is due in the spring, but council leaders fear the site will be "mothballed".
They calculated that RAF Mildenhall and nearby RAF Lakenheath are worth up to Â£700m a year to the local economy.
Proposed changes at the bases would see the loss of 2,900 local jobs, including USAF personnel, they said.
In November it was announced that 350 personnel would be relocated from RAF Lakenheath to an airbase in Italy.
Forest Heath District Council is one of several authorities that have joined together to campaign to secure the future of the bases.
Its leader James Waters said: "We are pushing the Ministry of Defence to make a decision regarding any future military use for all or part of the RAF Mildenhall site.
"We want a commitment that the site will not be mothballed when the USAF leave - the potential damage of doing so is clear for all to see."
The Ministry of Defence said it was reviewing future uses of the site.
"We will continue to work with the relevant councils to ensure any decision takes into account local strategic planning issues," a spokeswoman said.

Summary: The Ministry of Defence must commit to the future of Suffolk airbase RAF Mildenhall or risk damaging the local economy, council leaders say.
###
Article: The handwritten notes, carried by an aide to Conservative MP Mark Field, included "what's the model? Have your cake and eat it" and "unlikely" in reference to the EU single market.
They were photographed after Mr Field and his aide left a meeting with the Brexit department at 9 Downing Street.
The government said the notes did not reflect its Brexit position.
"These individual notes do not belong to a government official or a special adviser. They do not reflect the government's position in relation to Brexit negotiations," a spokesman said.
The notes, held by Mr Field's chief of staff Julia Dockerill, were captured on a long-lens camera by photographer Steve Back.
"Difficult on article 50 implementation - Barnier wants to see what deal looks like first," they note, in an apparent reference to the lead EU negotiator Michel Barnier.
"Got to be done in parallel - 20 odd negotiations. Keep the two years. Won't provide more detail. We think it's unlikely we'll be offered single market," they also say.
Among the reaction from other EU members, Luxembourg PM Xavier Bettel said of the UK stance: "They want to have their cake, eat it, and get a smile from the baker, but not the other things... there are European values which cannot be separated. No cherry-picking."
The BBC's assistant political editor Norman Smith says the government's response, playing down the picture's significance, underlines just how "awkward" it is, because it does seem to be of a view held "within" the Brexit department.
"The real damage is that phrase 'what is the model? Have cake and eat it.' The damage is the way that will be read by other EU countries," he says.
It is not known who Mr Field - a vice-chairman of the Conservative Party and MP for the Cities of London and Westminster - was meeting, or if the page of scribbled notes being carried by his aide is definitely an account of talks at the department handling Britain's departure from the EU.
The notes appear to suggest that a transitional arrangement - which would allow the UK...

Summary: The government has distanced itself from a page of Brexit notes caught on camera in Westminster.
###
Article: Nine-year-old Gracie Mellalieu, from Flintshire, is one of just five people in Wales with Morquio Syndrome, which affects the way bones and joints grow.
She has been trialling a new drug called Vimizim, which has now won Welsh Government approval.
It will cost about Â£880,000 a year to treat eligible patients in Wales.
"We were just fingers crossed waiting around for a long time, it's been constant waiting, hoping things are going to happen," said Gracie's mother, Yvette.
"It's just a huge weight off our shoulders. We just feel so happy that the result has been a positive one."
The drug was approved for use in England in December last year, but a decision had to be made on whether it would be available on the Welsh NHS.
"Yes, it is an expensive drug, but what you have to think there is it is an ultra-rare disease being treated by a drug that can't just be pushed out like paracetemol," argued Gracie's mother.
"It's going to take a lot more research to develop the drug, which is the enzyme that Gracie is missing, that is putting it back into the body.
"I think it is wrong to say somebody like Gracie doesn't deserve that because it is expensive. She has a lot to give to life and a lot to give to society."
Gracie, who lives in Mynydd Isa near Buckley,  has been receiving weekly therapy with the drug at Wrexham Maelor Hospital.
It has led to a great improvement in her condition, with better lung function, improved eyesight and she does not need to use a wheelchair to get about.
The campaign to get the drug approved for Gracie received a huge boost when the schoolgirl was captured on camera singing a song to thank hospital staff.
Announcing the decision to fund the new drug, the Health Minister Mark Drakeford said he had listened to the advice of the All Wales Medicines Strategy Group.
It said the medicine was both a clinically and a cost effective way to treat the disease.
"Up until now we've only had therapies that are things that help people to manage with the condition," explained Mr Drakeford.
"This new drug...

Summary:

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A 95-year-old invited into a BBC radio programme after calling in about being lonely has become a hit on social media.

Article: A survey of 198 employers in the UK indicated, for graduates, being good at communicating, a team player, confident and analytical were all more important than having technical knowledge.
But this changed after two years in the job, when firms said knowledge was increasingly important.
The Confederation of British Industry (CBI) supported the findings.
"Technical knowledge" was ranked 24th out of 30 competencies desired by employers at the recruitment stage, in the research, carried out by education provider Kaplan.
But after two years of employment, the importance of technical knowledge rose to second place.
Stuart Pedley-Smith, head of learning in the UK at Kaplan, said: "On the whole, we found that the employers we surveyed do not recruit graduates for the subject-specific nature of what they learned at university."
He said employers saw a university degree as proof that graduates had reached a certain level of competence.
Mr Pedley Smith added: "There is a well-known saying within recruitment - 'Recruit for attitude and train for skill.'"
Employers were happy to provide training for the more technical areas, he said.
Rob Wall, CBI head of education and employment policy, said: "The UK is facing a growing skills gap, so we must have an education system that better prepares young people for the world of work.
"That means not only do they need higher skills, but the character, determination and ability to communicate effectively and help forge successful careers."
Mr Wall said the CBI had found 89% of British firms had regarded attitudes to work and character as the most important factor when recruiting graduates.

Summary: Employers prefer "soft" skills rather than technical knowledge in graduates they are recruiting, a study suggests.
###
Article: Well, that's what we've all been told.
But some scientists argue this is all a myth - and that just because we keep repeating it doesn't make it true.
So should we bother with breakfast?
Studies repeatedly show that skipping breakfast is more common in people who are overweight or obese.
But this could be a dangerous trap - when the number of ice cream sales goes up so does the number of people getting sunburn. It doesn't mean ice-cream is causing sunburn.
This association might be down to something special about brekkie - or maybe the type of people who eat it are generally more active, have a better overall diet or try to lead healthier lives.
Despite advocating breakfast as part of a healthy lifestyle, a report by the UK's National Obesity Observatory concluded that "it is not clear whether there is a causal relationship with Body Mass Index (weight) or whether breakfast is merely a marker for other lifestyle factors that can contribute to healthy body weight".
The few clinical trials that have actively altered people's eating habits also showed no impact on waistlines.
The biggest, published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, told 300 overweight or obese people to skip or eat breakfast for four months.
"There was absolutely no difference whatsoever in the amount of weight-loss," said Prof David Allison, who conducted that trial at the University of Alabama.
"With respect to weight, at least in adults, it looks like we're leaning towards it [breakfast] being a myth."
He says people who are skipping breakfast are probably just trying to control their own weight.
And one danger for skippers who start having breakfast is it could lead to weight gain, if they don't eat less later in the day.
So is government advice plain wrong?
In Prof Allison's opinion: "If they are advising it [breakfast] for weight control then at this point it is not a justified recommendation."
Dr Alison Tedstone is from one of the many organisations around the world that tells us breakfast is a good thing, and she points to...

Summary: Breakfast is the most important meal of the day - it's a great start, it's good for you, it stops you snacking, boosts metabolism and keeps you thin.
###
Article: Alan Bennett told John Ainley he felt no sense of celebration following the death of Ian Brady on Monday.
Brady, 79, tortured and killed five children with Myra Hindley.
But he never revealed where Keith's remains were buried, though Keith's mother Winnie Johnson, who died in 2012, had begged Brady to do so.
Writing on Facebook, Alan Bennett, who runs a website, Searching for Keith, in a continuing attempt to locate his brother's body, said: "We will carry on doing whatever we can to bring Keith home".
He said support from well-wishers "means more than I could ever put in to words".
Brady, who was jailed in 1966, buried four of his victims in graves on Saddleworth Moor, Greater Manchester.
He died at Ashworth Hospital, a secure psychiatric unit in Merseyside where he had been detained since 1985.
A Mersey Care NHS Foundation Trust spokesman said Brady had died at 18:03 BST on Monday.
An inquest into his death is due to be opened at Southport Town Hall later.
Brady, who was born in Glasgow but later moved to Manchester, was jailed at Chester Assizes 51 years ago for the murders of John Kilbride, aged 12, Lesley Ann Downey, 10, and Edward Evans, 17.
In 1985 he also admitted to the murders of Pauline Reade, 16, and Keith Bennett, who was 12.
The children had been abducted by Brady and his lover Hindley, who died in prison in 2002, between 1963 and 1965.
Robin Makin, who was Brady's solicitor for 25 years, told BBC Radio 4's Today programme he was with his client in hospital less than two hours before his death.
"I got a call that he wanted to see me - he was obviously well aware that his death was imminent," he said.
He described the encounter as "quite a moving sort of situation", where the pair discussed Brady's legal affairs and funeral arrangements.
He said the whereabouts of Keith Bennett's remains did not come up in conversation.
"I would be very surprised if he really had information that was useful," he said.
"He did go to the Moors a long time ago and I suspect that if there had been information for him...

Summary: The brother of Moors Murders victim Keith Bennett feels he has lost the opportunity to find his remains, the family's solicitor has said.
###
Article: The Aquaris E4.5 Ubuntu edition relies on a card-like user interface that is not focused on apps.
Unlike the original proposal, the handset does not become a desktop PC when plugged into a monitor.
It is initially being targeted at "early adopters", who developers hope will become advocates for the platform.
The British company Canonical, which developed the Linux-based operating system, said it hoped to emulate the success of Chinese companies including Xiaomi with its launch strategy.
This will include holding a number of "flash sales" in Europe beginning next week, in which the device will be sold for short periods of time - giving the developers an opportunity to gauge demand and respond to feedback before committing to a bigger production run.
"It's a proven model - we're making sure that the product lands in the right hands," Cristian Parrino, vice-president of mobile at Canonical, told the BBC.
"We are way away from sticking this in a retail shop in the High Street. [But] it's where we want to get to."
Millions of PCs used by schools, governments and businesses already run the desktop version of Ubuntu.
"The Ubuntu fan base will clamour to buy the phone just because they will be curious to see what it is, how it works and how they can develop for it - they'll want to be one of the few that have it," said Chris Green, from Davies Murphy Group Europe.
"But for the broader, more mainstream, early adopter market, I think demand will be constricted because people are more app-focused."
The Ubuntu handset can run apps written in either the HTML5 web programming language or its own native QML code.
However, its operating system effectively hides them away. Instead of the traditional smartphone user interface - featuring grids of apps - it uses themed cards that group together different facilities.
Canonical calls these Scopes, and they are reminiscent of the swipe-based card system used by the Google Now personal assistant.
The phone's home screen is the Today Scope. It presents a selection of widgets based...

Summary: An Ubuntu-powered smartphone is coming to the market a year and a half after a previous attempt to launch a model via crowdfunding failed.
###
Article: Bill Palmer, from Southampton, called the Alex Dyke show on BBC Radio Solent about his life after his wife went into a nursing home.
Dyke immediately ordered a taxi to bring Mr Palmer to the studio to allow phone-in listeners to chat to him.
A recording of the call has been viewed tens of thousands of times on Facebook.
The 95-year-old, from Sholing, married his wife Sheila, 85, on 2 June 2014 after they had been friends for 30 years.
Shortly afterwards Sheila - who has dementia and colitis - fell and was taken into hospital. She was then moved into a nursing home, where she now lives.
Mr Palmer phoned the BBC Radio Solent programme on Wednesday during a phone-in on "Love - later in life".
Although he visits his wife every day, he said: "Every day is hell. I feel so alone".
The production team immediately arranged to take Mr Palmer to the studio in Southampton, where he sat in on the rest of the show.
Mr Palmer said: "I just sit with my wife and we tell each other we love each other, and that's it.
"She knows who I am and she often says 'we did get married on the second of June didn't we?' - and that's when it hurts.
"I listen to the radio and watch TV and have lots of friends, but unfortunately when you get old people don't visit - that's life."
Listeners phoned in to offer support and advice to Mr Palmer.
He was offered Sunday lunch, afternoon trips out and a ukulele orchestra to play for him, but he kindly turned them all down.
"I didn't know such kindness existed," he told one caller.
Dyke said Mr Palmer had "touched the hearts of thousands of listeners" and it was his "nicest moment in 30 years of broadcasting".

Summary:


Train passengers in Scotland's central belt face six weeks of disruption from this weekend when work begins on the Winchburgh tunnel.

Article: With the help of popular local memes, the BBC explains why the PAP keeps winning - and why results may not remain predictable for much longer.
Like a blockbuster film, Singapore's elections are often a colourful spectacle with an all too predictable ending - much like the Chinese war film Red Cliff, parodied in this movie poster by designer PixelGod.
The PAP has long enjoyed widespread support and political legitimacy, especially among older Singaporeans who have seen the country swiftly develop into a first-world economy.
Pragmatic voters have been willing to trade in some freedoms in exchange for prosperity and stability. The country's massive jubilee celebration last month reminded Singaporeans how far the country has come - and may have helped to shore up voter goodwill for the PAP.
But younger Singaporeans have also been calling for greater government accountability, particularly with recent stumbles over immigration and infrastructure.
The PAP has tried to address these problems, but that has not quelled the demand for more opposition representation.
The PAP is synonymous with its charismatic and deeply respected leader Lee Kuan Yew, whose presence looms large over this election, the first to be held since his death in March.
He led the country as prime minister from independence in 1965 to 1990 and his personal popularity helped to ensure the party's non-stop electoral success.
His death in March triggered an outpouring of grief and tributes, which may contribute to greater PAP support this election.
Lee was also known for his merciless attitude towards opponents with defamation suits, which critics say created a culture of fear and stifled dissent.
This election is the first to see all constituencies contested, as more opposition candidates step forward into the political spotlight.
These include Chee Soon Juan, who was bankrupted by Lee's suits and is staging a comeback this election.
Singapore has a democratic system largely seen as clean and fraud-free. But there are aspects of the political...

Summary: Singaporeans head to the polls on Friday, and with the same party in power for 50 years, it's all but certain that the People's Action Party (PAP) will once again form the government.
###
Article: The claim: The green belt is safe from an increase in development.
Reality Check verdict: The rules for developing green belt previously said that it was allowed only in exceptional circumstances. The government has now specified what would count as exceptional circumstances. It is not clear whether the new rules will be more or less strict than just letting councils decide what counted as exceptional circumstances.
A big question in discussions of increasing the supply of homes is whether planning regulations will be changed to make it easier to build on green belt land.
Green belts were introduced after World War Two to stop cities from sprawling and countryside being spoilt. About 13% of England is now covered.
This covers scenic sites open to the public, such as the Chiltern Hills and North Downs, but it also covers a lot of land that has limited public access and may not be particularly beautiful.
In the House of Commons, Communities Secretary Sajid Javid said: "In 2015, we promised the British people that the green belt was safe in our hands and that is still the case."
So what has changed?
There has been little variation in the amount of green belt land since 1997, although data is not available for every year.
The Housing White Paper says the current planning regulations allow building on the green belt only "in exceptional circumstances" but that there is no detail given of what would amount to exceptional circumstances.
The government has now specified that before allowing development on green belt land, councils would need to rule out options including:
The White Paper also says that councils allowing the boundaries of green belt land to be changed would have to make up for it by improving other bits of green belt.
It also asks for suggestions of other things councils should take into account before doing so.
Read more from Reality Check

Summary: The government has described the housing market as broken, promised more affordable homes and said it would help people to buy and rent.
###
Article: The warning came in the IMF's latest World Economic Outlook (WEO), released on Tuesday in Washington.
It said the downturn in the global commodity cycle was "continuing to hit Australia's economy".
The IMF report comes just a few weeks before the government releases its annual budget.
The report said that in countries such as Australia, Japan and Korea where inflation was low, "policymakers may need to act to prevent a persistent decline in inflation expectations".
It warned also of the damage from the large commodity price decline in 2015 for iron ore, which is Australia's largest export.
Australian Treasurer Joe Hockey said this week that the recent plunge in the iron ore price would reduce revenue forecasts by A$25bn (Â£13bn; $19bn) over the next four years.
Iron ore is currently trading at about US$50 a tonne - down from US$120 a tonne in 2013.
Analysis: Julian Lorkin, Sydney
With coal mining communities already struggling, iron ore towns are now feeling the first wave of shocks that will ripple through Australia's economy.
One such town, Port Hedland in Western Australia's remote Pilbara district, has seen hardship before but this time round it will be tough, according to Port Hedland Chamber of Commerce managing secretary Arnold Carter.
"Everyone is worried," the 87-year-old former deputy mayor told the BBC.
"Fear of the unknown is the biggest handicap. Miners won't spend when they can't see past the end of next week."
Australian mining towns reel from iron ore price dive
Australia's central bank, the Reserve Bank of Australia, cut the cash rate by 0.25% in February but kept it steady in March and April. The cash rate - the rate of interest which the central bank charges on overnight loans to commercial banks - influences all commercial interest rates.
The bank has been juggling the contradictory economic trends of weakening growth in mining states such as Western Australia and Queensland and overheated housing markets in other parts of the country.
The IMF said the downturn in the global commodity...

Summary: The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has warned that Australia may have to cut interest rates again if inflation continues to fall.
###
Article: There are 50 new nationalist members at Westminster, joining six SNP MPs who were re-elected from the 2010 intake.
The MPs took their oaths in the Scottish style, which involves holding the right hand in the air.
Each was required to read the passage in English, but a number also performed it in Gaelic and Scots.
The first MP to swear in at the second Commons session of oath taking was the Conservatives' Europe minister David Lidington.
The first of the new SNP intake was Ian Blackford, representing Ross, Skye and Lochaber, followed by Angela Crawley, MP for Lanark and Hamilton East.
Livingston MP Hannah Bardell had to retake her oath after the "genuine mistake" of omitting the word "Queen" while reading the passage of allegiance.
The vast majority of the nationalist MPs read the non-religious version: "I do solemnly, sincerely and truly declare and affirm that I will be faithful and bear true allegiance to Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth, her heirs and successors, according to law."
Among the new intake:
The traditional Scottish swearing in, or "oath in the Scot's form", was a traditional feature in courts in Scotland, although it is rarely used nowadays.
Non-Scottish MPs asked the female clerk if they needed to raise their hand during the oath. She informed them it was not necessary and only the Scottish MPs were opting for that gesture.
Former BBC journalist John Nicolson  - now SNP MP for East Dunbartonshire - was just behind former Tory minister Ken Clarke in the chamber. They shake hands and speak. Here is their exchange....
JN: "I am John Nicolson." [Offers his hand]
KC: "Pleased to meet you, I have met you before. Been here before?"
JN: "No, I have interviewed you before, I am a journalist.  I presented BBC breakfast news, saw you a few times."
KC: "Whose side are you on?"
JN: "I am Jo Swinson [former Lib Dem MP], for the new parliament - I am SNP."
KC: "I am going to get that reply from an awful lot of people."
JN: "Yes you are Mr Clarke."

Summary: Scotland's new SNP MPs have sworn allegiance to the Queen during the traditional oath taking ceremony at the House of Commons.
###
Article: The closure of the tunnel near Linlithgow in West Lothian will mean rail services between Edinburgh and Glasgow will be severely hit.
The work is part of a Â£750m upgrade to enable faster, bigger and greener electric trains to run on the line.
The disruption will last from 13 June to 27 July.
Engineers said the tunnel closure was necessary so tracks could be lowered to create space for overhead power lines for the new trains, which will be introduced at the end of next year.
The upgrade is the latest phase of the Scottish government's Edinburgh Glasgow Improvement Programme (EGIP).
Train operator ScotRail has a dedicated website to advise on the disruption, which will mainly hit travel between Glasgow - or Stirling/Dunblane - and Edinburgh but it will also have a knock-on effect in areas such as the Fife Circle.
Many passengers will have longer journeys or bus replacements. ScotRail advised passengers to add at least 30 minutes to their planned journey times.
The closure will mean passengers looking to travel end-to-end from Glasgow to Edinburgh will no longer be able to take a train from Queen Street high level platforms, as the trains will only go as far as Linlithgow.
Instead, they will have to switch to the slower Queen Street low level trains or travel on the longer route from Glasgow Central Station.
ScotRail said the main routes affected would be:
In addition, the following services will be busier than normal in both directions:
How will you be affected by the work?
Rodger Querns, programme director of EGIP for Network Rail, said the tunnel work over the next six weeks would see the track removed and the floor of the tunnel lowered to create headroom to install new electrification equipment.
He said: "We can't avoid the work in Winchburgh tunnel. We do appreciate the inconvenience this will cause passengers. We have planned the work meticulously and are working hard to minimise that disruption.
"We are working round-the-clock. We have engineers on the site 24/7 to get the railway back running as...

Summary:


One of the longest-held detainees at the US facility at Guantanamo Bay, a Kuwaiti man, has been sent home, officials say.

Article: National Assembly speaker Henry Ramos Allup said there was no quorum. He has scheduled a new session for Wednesday.
The Supreme Court has said all actions of the assembly are void until three banned members are removed from office.
The three members had been suspended for alleged electoral irregularities during the 6 December polls.
But the majority in the National Assembly defied the ruling and swore them in last week.
Government legislators say the lack of quorum shows that the opposition to President Nicolas Maduro is divided.
"The opposition bloc is made up of many factions and they are facing a dilemma," said Socialist Party MP and Venezuela's First Lady Cilia Flores.
"Some of them want to abide by the ruling, others have different views," she told Telesur television.
Mr Ramos Allup said the session had been suspended "because both government and opposition legislators failed to turn up".
The Supreme Court said its ruling applied to all acts that have been taken or will be taken by the current assembly.
The opposition bloc had vowed to continue meeting and working at the assembly as usual.
An amnesty law for imprisoned opposition politicians and activists was due to be tabled by the National Assembly leadership on Tuesday.
Four lawmakers were barred by the Supreme Court - three from the opposition and one allied with the government - after the Socialist Party alleged irregularities during last month's vote for a new congress.
The opposition claimed the the ruling was designed to strip it of crucial two-third majority which gives it extra powers such as removing judges from the top court.
Without the four legislators, the opposition has 109 seats and the government, 54. With the four banned legislators, the opposition gets the 112 seats it needs to get the so-called "super-majority".
The four politicians are all from the rural and sparsely populated south-western state of Amazonas.
"The logical, sane and democratic step is for the National Assembly's leadership to revoke the swearing-in of these...

Summary: Venezuela's opposition-held National Assembly has failed to meet for the first session since a controversial Supreme Court ruling on Monday.
###
Article: Backed by Republicans, the law places high standards on clinics and puts new requirements on doctors that provide abortions in the state.
Proponents of the law say that it is necessary to protect women's health.
Opponents say that argument is an excuse to cover up efforts aimed at shutting abortion clinics and making the procedure harder to obtain.
The case focuses on a part of the law that has yet to go into effect requiring abortion clinics in Texas to have hospital-grade facilities - a requirement that would require costly upgrades at many providers' offices.
It also focuses on a mandate within the law already gone into effect that requires doctors have the ability to admit patients to hospitals within 30mi (50km) of their clinic.
Activists who oppose the law said there were 42 clinics in the state of Texas before the law was passed in 2013, according to Reuters.
After the first provision of the law was enacted many were closed, leaving only 19 clinics in the state.
The activists say that if the rest of the law is implemented,  only 10 clinics would remain in the country's second-largest state.
The last time the Supreme Court considered an abortion-related case was in 2007, when they ruled in favour of keeping a federal law that bans a late-term abortion procedure.
The Supreme Court ruled in 1992 that states can regulate abortion unless it "places an undue burden on women".
The court will hear arguments in the case early next year and likely make a decision in June, four months before the US presidential election.
This June, the Supreme Court voted 5-4 to grant an emergency appeal from clinics at risk of closing over the new laws, which were due to go into effect on 1 July.
Both sides of the US abortion debate

Summary: The US Supreme Court has said it will consider a challenge to a controversial Texas abortion law.
###
Article: Five hundred officers, 1,000 support staff and 150 Police Community Support Officer (PCSO) positions may go.
The force said its required savings of Â£59m by 2020 "will only be achieved by reducing officer and staff numbers".
South Yorkshire Police and Crime Commissioner Alan Billings described the potential 1,500 job losses as the "worst case scenario".
He said no decisions had been made on which areas of force operations would be cut and he wanted a public discussion on how South Yorkshire Police could make savings with new ways of working.
"There may be better ways of doing things that are more cost efficient," he told BBC Radio Sheffield.
"At the end of the day, there will be an impact on numbers - there is no question of that."
'More pronounced'
Neil Bowles, of the front-line officers' union the Police Federation, said cuts had become "more pronounced".
"There was a Comprehensive Spending Review by the government last autumn which came up with the next set of cuts," he said.
"In 2007, we had over 3,300 police officers and 2,500 members of police staff which included the PCSOs (Police Community Support Officers).
"If you cut the police force again to about 2,000 officers, that's a cut of a third. How can we carry on doing the same work we were doing in 2007, let along meet the new and increased demand that is out there?"
Mr Bowles said the consequences of the budget cuts would be "less officers on the streets, more instances of officers in cars and less neighbourhood officers".
Deputy Chief Constable Andy Holt said: "We are working hard to minimise the impact of this decrease, but with around 90% of the force's budget spent on salaries, we have to review our staffing levels to make such extensive savings."

Summary: More than 1,500 South Yorkshire Police roles could be cut over the next five years, the BBC has learned.
###
Article: Its author, Alan MacSporran, QC, said the industry had failed systematically to assess and manage how animals were treated by trainers and racers.
The report follows the release of footage earlier this year of trainers using live animals to bait racing dogs.
Mr MacSporran said the fact trainers had not hidden the "barbaric" treatment of animals "tells its own story".
In April, 55 greyhound carcasses were found dumped in a wildflower reserve on the coast of Queensland .
Police and animal authorities investigated the find as part of a joint taskforce established by the state government following an expose by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) in February into the practice of "live baiting" within the greyhound racing industry across the nation.
The ABC had aired disturbing footage of greyhounds chasing live pigs, possums and rabbits around tracks.
The "bait" animals were tied to mechanical lures before being chased and mauled to death by dogs, in what Mr MacSporran's report said was an "archaic and barbaric practice".
Four Australian states - NSW, Victoria, Queensland and Tasmania - launched inquiries into greyhound racing.
Dozens of trainers have already been suspended across the country, some have been banned from ever participating in greyhound racing again and others have been charged under animal cruelty laws.
Announcing the completion of the report, Queensland Premier Annastacia Palaszczuk said those responsible for the cruelty "will be brought to justice".
She said the discovery of the mass graves was "deeply disturbing" and described live baiting as "absolutely disgusting".
"There will be swift and decisive action in regards to this report," she said at a press conference on Monday.
To be tabled in the Queensland parliament on Monday, the report will describe how small animals such as kittens, rabbits, piglets and possums were used to "blood" greyhounds, while dogs that lost too many races were cruelly treated and killed.
Some had their ears cut; others were bludgeoned to death, according to...

Summary: Animal cruelty is widespread in the Queensland greyhound racing industry, says an Australian government report.
###
Article: Fawzi al-Odah, 37, was released after a US review panel concluded he was not a "continuing significant threat".
He had been at the US facility in Cuba since 2002 after his arrest in Pakistan on suspicion of links to al-Qaeda and the Taliban - a charge he denies.
He had challenged America's right to detain him in the US Supreme Court.
Mr Odah boarded a Kuwaiti government plane on Wednesday morning US time.
"There's no bitterness, there's no anger," his lawyer Eric Lewis was quoted as saying by the Associated Press news agency.
"There's just excitement and joy that he will be going home."
The release came after Guantanamo's Periodic Review Board in July determined "that continued law of war detention of (Mr Odah) does not remain necessary to protect against a continuing significant threat to the security of the United States".
But he now faces at least a year at a militant rehabilitation centre in Kuwait, according to the terms of the release.
The Kuwaiti government had pushed hard for the release of all Kuwaiti detainees at Guantanamo.
Mr Odah had argued that he travelled to Afghanistan and Pakistan to teach the Koran and provide humanitarian aid.
He is the first inmate to be freed since May, when five Taliban detainees were exchanged for US Sgt Bowe Bergdahl, who had been kept by the insurgents in Afghanistan.
Mr Odah's release brings down the total number of inmates at the US naval base to 148.
The US opened the facility in January 2002, following the 11 September 2001 attacks in America.
President Barack Obama has repeatedly promised to shut it down.

Summary:


Social media users have reacted with amused bewilderment after an official said it was illegal for a man to stare at a woman for more than 14 seconds.

Article: It has been named in the National Infrastructure Plan published ahead of the chancellor's Autumn Statement.
Energy Secretary Ed Davey said it showed the UK government was "serious" about the potential for tidal power.
The go-ahead could be given before the general election in May.
"Tidal energy is a huge opportunity for Britain," said Mr Davey.
"Tidal lagoons alone could provide up to 8% of our power needs, replacing foreign fossil fuels with clean, reliable home-grown electricity.
"That's why we're showing investors and developers that we're serious about tidal lagoon potential and have started in-depth discussions for what could become the world's first tidal lagoon."
Welsh Secretary Stephen Crabb welcomed progress on the scheme, saying it could give a "massive boost" to the Welsh economy, creating thousands of jobs.
"Wales is already home to some of the most cutting edge companies in the world and the country is uniquely placed to pioneer tidal power," he said.
"I am a strong supporter of this project and I have long been making the case to my Cabinet colleagues that Welsh innovation should be supporting the next generation of low-carbon technology."
HOW THE LAGOON WOULD WORK:
Source: Tidal Lagoon Power Ltd
Six months of public consultation closes on Tuesday with the Planning Inspectorate due to report its recommendations in three months' time.
It will also depend on ministers agreeing a guaranteed price for the power generated by the lagoon.
TLP has said the turbines could power 155,000 homes and offer coastal flood protection for the Swansea Bay area.
Construction would create or support 1,900 jobs with 180 people employed once the lagoon is operational.
However, some organisations have expressed concern for its impact on wildlife but TLP chief executive Mark Shorrock said the project will work with the "rhythm of nature".
He said the project has attracted interest from India and France and could be worth billions to the Welsh economy if a supply chain for parts could be created for other projects.
"This...

Summary: A £1bn plan to build the world's first power-generating tidal lagoon in Swansea Bay has been given a boost as the UK government revealed further discussions with the developers.
###
Article: Scottish Tory leader Ruth Davidson said Better Together agents took "tallies" of postal votes at sample openings held before the count.
Election rules state the results of these openings must be kept secret.
The Crown Office has now instructed police to conduct an investigation into the complaints.
The allegations surround comments made to BBC Scotland by Ms Davidson about 45 minutes after polls closed in the independence referendum on 18 September.
Ms Davidson told the Scotland Decides programme: "We have had people at every sample opening around the country over the last few weeks... and we have been incredibly encouraged by the results from that.
"Going into today, going by the postal votes that were cast, our side would have had a lead and I think that we have a confidence, I hope a quiet confidence, that the quiet majority of Scots have spoken today."
She said postal votes were not counted until after the polls closed, but added: "Different local authorities have had openings around the country. It is illegal to discuss that while any ballot is ongoing, so until 10 o'clock tonight no-one could talk about it.
"But there is people in the room that have been sampling those ballot boxes as they have been opened and they have been taking tallies and the reports have been very positive for us."
Speaking on the BBC's results coverage, Humza Yousaf, the Scottish minister for external affairs, also made reference to indications from "postal ballot sampling".
He told the BBC's Huw Edwards: "The intelligence we're getting is that in those die-hard, traditional Labour areas actually the Yes campaign is starting to break through quite strongly.
"That's initial postal ballot sampling, all the caveats thrown in, etc., etc.."
The SNP said Mr Yousaf was referring to sampling of postal votes after the ballot had closed.
Earlier sample postal vote openings, which were attended by agents from both campaigns ahead of polling day, were held to confirm that personal identifiers - the date of birth and signature - on the postal...

Summary: Claims that pro-UK campaigners breached electoral law by counting postal votes ahead of referendum polling day will be formally investigated by police.
###
Article: Daniel Rodriguez, also known as Grymey D, 28, contacted several girls, aged 14 and 15, online and persuaded them to go to his house in Hackney.
Videos found by police showed him having sex with girls in the house he shared with his parents and sister.
He admitted 15 offences and was sentenced to 16 years by a judge at Wood Green Crown Court.
The charges related to seven different victims and included sexual activity with a child, making indecent photographs and sexual assault.
Scotland Yard found videos of the rapper having sex with four children.
In one, Rodriguez had filmed himself having sex with a 14-year-old girl who had arrived at his house wearing her school uniform.
He was caught when police discovered messages on a 14-year-old's phone which suggested she was in a sexual relationship with him.
The girl told officers he had first contacted her when she was 13 and she had visited his house several times once she turned 14.
On one occasion the girl took a friend, who was also 14, and Rodriguez engaged in sexual activity with both of them, she told detectives.
Charges:
Rodriguez groomed his victims using Facebook, Instagram and Blackberry Messenger by complimenting them about how they looked and telling them he loved them.
Edward Lucas, prosecuting, said on Thursday: "This defendant is predatory. He preyed on young, vulnerable girls around the ages of 13 to 15.
He used his experience, charm and his guile and ultimately his force - his force of personality - to indulge in his own perverted activities."
His relatives were unaware of what he was doing.
The defence had suggested Rodriguez "did not appreciate the gravity of what he was doing" and was "absolutely stunned" when he learnt of the seriousness of the offences.
But Judge Joanna Greenberg QC said "he must be blind and living as a hermit" to have missed news of similar cases involving high-profile celebrities.
She said the rapper had deliberately targeted young girls in order to carry out "deviant sexual fantasies".
"Your desire for them was because...

Summary: A "predatory" rapper who filmed himself having sex with schoolgirls he groomed on social media has been jailed.
###
Article: Nearly 40 years of medical records showed patients with Huntington's had half the normal expected risk of developing tumours.
Researchers, writing in The Lancet Oncology
, said the reason was unclear.
Cancer Research UK said the findings presented another avenue to explore in tackling cancer.
Academics at Lund University analysed Swedish hospital data from 1969 to 2008. They found 1,510 patients with Huntington's disease.
During the study period, 91 of those patients subsequently developed cancer. The authors said that was 53% lower than the levels expected for the general population.
Huntington's is one of a group of illnesses called "polyglutamine diseases". Data from other polyglutamine diseases also showed lower levels of cancer.
The authors said: "We found that the incidence of cancer was significantly lower among patients with polyglutamine diseases than in the general population.
"The mechanisms behind the protective effects against cancer are unclear and further research is warranted."
Dr Jianguang Ji, from the Center for Primary Health Care Research at Lund University, told the BBC: "Clarification of the mechanism underlying the link between polyglutamine diseases and cancer in the future could lead to the development of new treatment options for cancer."
Eleanor Barrie, senior science information officer at Cancer Research UK, said: "These are interesting results. It's not clear how the genetic changes that cause Huntington's and other similar diseases could protect against cancer, and research in the lab will help to find out more.
"Scientists at Cancer Research UK and around the world are probing the genetic faults that contribute to cancer in their quest to beat the disease, and this is another potential avenue to explore."

Summary: People with Huntington's disease, a debilitating brain condition, appear to have a "protection" from cancer, according to a study in Sweden.
###
Article: No such law exists, but Rishiraj Singh, the excise commissioner in the southern Indian state of Kerala, said such a stare could get a man jailed.
People online asked what might happen if a man blinked, and some quipped that sales of sunglasses would go up.
But some users said Mr Singh had raised a valid point about women's safety.
"A case can be filed against men who stare at women for more than 14 seconds," Mr Singh said in Kochi on Saturday.
The video of his statement has gone viral in the state, sparking humorous reactions and memes.
Some social media users have used dialogues from popular films in Malayalam, the language spoken in the state, to create memes.
Most users have posted memes on popular comedy Facebook pages like Troll Malayalam and ICU.
This meme implies that a teacher must shut his eyes every 13 seconds to avoid arrest.
"Just informed a girl that I didn't like her after meeting her for marriage. She threatened to file a case for staring at her for 14 seconds."
"Bro, what is your crime, stabbing or theft?". "Just went to see a girl for marriage, got convicted for looking at her for 14 seconds."
This meme shows how to time your gaze.
This meme, titled "poor lover", shows how you should interact with your girlfriend to avoid arrest.
Some social media users, however, have supported Mr Singh for raising an important issue of women's safety.
Reporting by BBC Monitoring's Zainul Abid

Summary:


The first of the three stones on the Great Pyramid is a large, rectangular pyramid with a large, rectangular shape.
The pyramid is about 3.5 meters long and has a diameter of about 1.5 meters.
The pyramid is about 3.5 meters long and has a diameter of about 1.5 meters

An international team of architects and scientists have observed "thermal anomalies" in the pyramids of Giza, Egyptian antiquities officials say.

Article: The event on Royal Deeside is seen as the biggest in the Highland Games calendar, and is always on the first Saturday in September.
This year it is helping to raise funds for residents affected when the River Dee burst its banks in December.
It happened as Storm Frank battered Scotland.
Jim Wood, Secretary of Braemar Royal Highland Society, said the Gathering was a "great spectacle" that was "known the world over".
It was his first year in the role, and he said bringing together the infrastructure for one day of the year was a "daunting task".
He said the money raised would go to help residents in the village of Ballater.
"Storm Frank devastated the village of Ballater," he said.
"If you had seen the arena on New Year's morning, it was more like a curling pond than it was like you see it today.
"A huge amount of work from our groundsmen has gone in to making it look like that."
Queen Victoria first attended Braemar in 1848 and since then it has been regularly visited by the reigning monarch and other members of the royal family.
The Queen first attended the Braemar event as a seven-year-old child in 1933.
She has attended virtually every year since coming to the throne in 1952.
Last year's event marked the 200th anniversary of the society which runs it.

Summary: The Queen and other members of the royal family have joined thousands of spectators at the annual Braemar Gathering.
###
Article: Austfonna on Norway's Svalbard archipelago covers just over 8,000 sq km and had been relatively stable for many years.
But the latest space data reveals a marked acceleration of the ice in its main outlet glacier to the Barents Sea.
The research was presented in Brussels on Thursday to mark the launch of the EU's new Sentinel-1a radar spacecraft.
This satellite has been in orbit barely a month but is already being tasked with a range of science observations and other duties.
European Commission officials are keen to showcase the platform's capabilities before it goes into full service, including what it can do at high latitudes.
Radar is particularly useful in these regions. It senses the surface whatever the weather conditions and even in the darkness of polar winter.
Scientists had suspected the Arctic's Austfonna Ice Cap was losing substantially more ice through its major drainage glacier at Cap Mohn, and asked if Sentinel-1a could take some pictures.
"We've observed Austfonna with various satellite radar datasets over the past 20 years, and it hasn't done very much," explained Prof Andy Shepherd from Leeds University, UK.
Copernicus uses a range of technologies to get a broad picture of the health status of the planet
"But we've now looked at it again with the new Sentienl-1a spacecraft, and it's clear it has speeded up quite considerably in the last two or three years. It is now flowing at least 10 times faster than previously measured."
That previous measurement was done using the German national TerraSAR-X radar mission.
The speed of a glacier is judged by how far prominent features such as a big crevasse travel in time.
An "ice cap" is much smaller than an "ice sheet", a term that more properly describes the huge frozen masses covering Greenland and Antarctica.
An ice cap does, however, share a similarity with its bigger cousin in that it too has glaciers flowing away in many directions.
The Earth's ice caps and glaciers have become a key focus for scientists because these are the ice fields that...

Summary: Melting at one of the largest ice caps on Earth has produced a big jump in its flow speed, satellite imagery suggests.
###
Article: A new system requires motorists to access the DVLA website to generate a check code that allows companies to see whether a driver has penalty points.
The code was introduced after the paper counterpart licence that carries such details was computerised.
The DVLA initially allowed the code to stay "live" for just 72 hours.
The checking period is now 21 days.
The government responded after car hire companies complained of queues and drivers complained they may not have internet access while abroad to generate a new code.
The DVLA said that for those who do not have internet access, a phone number would also be made available - although this is not a 24-hour number.
"We're pleased that the DVLA has listened to industry feedback that the code lifespan was too short," said Gerry Keaney, chief executive of the British Vehicle Rental and Leasing Association.
"This common sense approach will reduce queues at rental desks and give millions of renters more time to plan and arrive prepared ahead of their journey."
Motoring organisations were also concerned that many drivers and car hire companies were unaware of the new system, and those that were found it tricky to use.
The DVLA says using the system is not complicated.
"It's very easy to view and share your driving record. Just go to gov.uk and search for 'view driving licence'," said Oliver Morley, the DVLA's chief executive.
As a result of the abolition of the paper counterpart, all evidence of driving endorsements and convictions will be held online only.
The eight million or so old-style paper licences - which carry endorsements on them - will remain valid.
The system does not apply to Northern Ireland drivers.

Summary: Travellers needing to hire a car abroad will now have three weeks to share extra driving licence details with hire companies instead of three days.
###
Article: 7 January 2016 Last updated at 20:25 GMT
Many are comparing it to the podcast Serial. But is the picture they are presenting the full one?
Filmmakers Moira Demos and Laura Ricciardi spoke to BBC Newsnight's Evan Davis in their first UK TV interview.

Summary: Making A Murderer is a true crime documentary series on Netflix that's become a massive hit.
###
Article: Thermal cameras detected higher temperatures in three adjacent stones at the bottom of the Great Pyramid.
Officials said possible causes included the existence of empty areas inside the pyramid, internal air currents, or the use of different building materials.
It comes as experts search for hidden chambers within the pyramids.
The tombs of the pharaohs Khufu (Kheops), Khafre (Khephren) and Menkaure (Mycerinus) were built in the Fourth Dynasty, about 2613-2494BC.
A team of architects and scientists from Egypt, France, Canada and Japan used infrared thermography to survey the pyramids during sunrise, as the sun heats the limestone structures from the outside, as well as at sunset when they cool down.
In a statement, the Egyptian antiquities ministry said the experts had "concluded the existence of several thermal anomalies that were observed on all monuments during the heating-up or the cooling-down phases".
"To explain such anomalies, a lot of hypotheses and possibilities could be drawn up: presence of voids behind the surface, internal air currents," it added.
An "particularly impressive" anomaly was found at ground level on the eastern side of the Great Pyramid, also known as the Pyramid of Khufu, the statement said.
"The first row of the pyramid's stones are all uniform, then we come here and find that there's a difference in the formation," Antiquities Minister Mamdouh al-Damati said as he showed reporters the three stones showing higher temperatures.
Other thermal anomalies were detected in the upper half of the Great Pyramid.
The structure will be the subject of further investigation during the Operation Scan Pyramids project, which began on 25 October and is expected to last until the end of 2016.

Summary:


At a small laboratory in a Bangkok suburb, a group of scientists has come up with what they hope is the answer to an old conundrum: how to tell if a Thai dish is authentic or not.

Article: Leading the way is celebrated classical musician and Ramon Magsaysay award winner TM Krishna.
The Carnatic music vocalist has critiqued the south Indian classical music industry for being under the dominant preserve of the upper-caste Brahmin community. He wants to create more inclusive egalitarian spaces where the arts of all communities come together in the city.
To that effect Krishna has been seen across Chennai, on various platforms, taking his music outside the hallowed portals of the city's prestigious sabhas or music halls, setting a personal example.
Krishna took his music, spoken of in sacred terms by most performers, to a fishing village on the shores of the Bay of Bengal in Chennai.
Open to the sky and sea, the entire village served as a concert hall for the alternate festival, the Urur-Olcott Kuppam Vizha that "celebrates oneness" this month.
Krishna has joined hands with Nityanand Jayaraman, a prominent social activist, to make the village a venue for holding open-air concerts with the aim of "bringing down barriers, equalising spaces and de-classing the arts".
"Krishna is using art to heal differences and break stereotypes and liberate the art to new spaces," says Mr Jayaraman.
The festival included a coming together of different forms of music and art alongside Carnatic music.
The music of the marginalised - devotional music by a community of transgender people and dirges of Chennai's slums, for example - are being taken to "a concert space for the first time," says Krishna.
He has even hosted "concerts in spaces symbolic of day-to-day life",  such as in crowded public buses and and railway platforms across Chennai.
Krishna believes that this effort is an important step "in addressing many cultural and artistic hegemonies and hierarchies".
Krishna is an unusual Indian maestro who has taken the traditionally upper-caste classical music to the lower-castes and disprivileged.
He has travelled to war-ravaged Jaffna in Sri Lanka to perform and engage with Tamil students.
And back home, he has...

Summary: India's southern Indian city of Chennai (Madras) is witnessing a musical revolution of sorts.
###
Article: Everything is Possible is the charity responsible for collecting the unwanted equipment after the festival is over.
Only equipment that is in good condition is recycled but last year the haul included more than 1,000 tents.
A two-day sale then allows groups and individuals to get bargain equipment for a small donation.
The charity was set up in 1999 to support excluded young people, such as the homeless and those with drug or alcohol problems.
Now it helps to promote recycling during the Leeds Festival.
After the three-day event 60 volunteers scour the campsite for discarded tents, sleeping bags, mats, wellingtons and camping utensils.
Any salvaged, unopened food will be used by St George's Crypt in Leeds to help feed homeless and disadvantaged people.
As well as the tents about 2,000 sleeping bags or mats were also recovered after 2010's festival.
Raphael Harfaux, who is a coordinator for the charity, said: "Some people buy a tent just for the festival and then leave it all there.
"A lot of organisations need these tents for their activities."
Local community groups can apply to the charity to join with the salvage operation at Bramham Park and filling their vehicle with recycled equipment.
The remainder of the equipment is then available for sale on Tuesday and Wednesday in Leeds.
For the first time this year individuals are also invited to pick up bargain camping gear during the Wednesday sale.

Summary: Camping equipment left behind after Leeds Festival this weekend will be salvaged for reuse by community groups and individuals.
###
Article: The Forestry Commission submitted plans which included creating 67 log cabins in Delamere Forest, Cheshire, and improving visitor facilities.
The woodland would have been "sustainably developed for future generations" but parish councils argued it would "damage" greenbelt land.
Cheshire West and Chester Council refused the planning application at a meeting earlier.
Forestry Commission Chief Executive Simon Hodgson told councillors the site's "infrastructure is out of date, worn out and it needs to be reinvested in for the future".
"This is a tried and tested cabin development... The forest would remain open to the public and fully accessible around the cabins."
A coalition of three parish councils said the holiday facility at the northern tip of the forest would "change the forest and how it is enjoyed forever".
Parish councillor Nigel Gilding, from campaign group Communities Against Delamere's Destruction, said the plan represented "the start of the erosion of Delamere Forest".
The holiday lodge development would have helped pay for an improved visitor centre in the south of the woodland, more car parking and upgraded trails and paths, the Forestry Commission said.
Similar proposals were approved by Cheshire West and Chester Council in 2013, but rejected by the Secretary of State in 2014.

Summary: Plans for holiday lodges to be built in a forest have been rejected.
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Article: In his Budget, George Osborne also said the museum VAT refund eligibility would be extended to any museum or gallery that offers free entry.
The Museum Association's Alistair Brown said he was "delighted" with the plan.
However, he said Mr Osborne had failed to address "the fundamental problem of diminishing local authority funding".
The refund scheme, which allows organisations to "claim back VAT incurred on most goods and services purchased in order to grant free rights of admission to collections", has previously only been available to national and university museums and galleries.
A consultation into the tax relief for temporary and touring exhibition costs will be launched this summer.
At-a-glance summary: Budget key points
What the Budget means for you
Elsewhere in his Budget, Mr Osborne announced a £13m package to help support Hull's City of Culture preparations and £5m towards Shakespeare North, a new £19m theatre in Knowsley, Merseyside.
He also confirmed a £20m pledge made in last year's Autumn Statement to a "Great Exhibition of the North" and invited cities and towns in the North of England to bid to host the event.
Mr Osborne also announced a number of other projects, including:

Summary: Museums and galleries are to get tax relief to help cover the costs of developing temporary or touring exhibitions, the chancellor has said.
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Article: It carries the simple name e-Delicious, and it takes the form of a box about the size of a large printer, containing sensors, and some computer circuitry, which act as an electronic tongue and nose.
It was developed by Thailand's National Innovation Agency, at a total cost of $1m (£640,000), after former Prime Minister Yingluck Shinwatra complained about the poor versions of Thai food she was subjected to during her overseas trips.
A Thai Delicious committee was formed - a bit like the French Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée for food and wine - and around 200 people were invited to sample different versions of classic Thai dishes like tom yum gung (sour prawn soup) and kaeng khiao wan (green curry).
Whichever version was the consensus winner was taken as the standard, although the designers acknowledge that as the sampling was done in Bangkok, inevitably their standards for now are Bangkok versions.
The e-Delicious machine has nine sensors in it to measure the balance of six Thai flavours - sweet, sour, bitter, salty, savoury and spicy - and the food's aroma.
There is also a sensor to assess the dish's visual presentation, which is always very important in Thai cooking.
But can it actually tell you if the dish is any good?
"The machine can't tell you if something is delicious or not," says Nakah Thawichawatt, an entrepreneur who carries the grand title of Innovation Ambassador.
"The sensors give a taste-reading that we can understand. So if we like a certain taste, but can't explain what that taste is to someone else, the machine will able to decipher it, and record the data as a standard for other dishes."
We decided to give the e-Delicious a test. We had seen it sample low-cost versions of the recipes in its database - only three for now, but soon to reach 10 - and found them all wanting.
But how would it cope with the tom yum gung that is judged by many in Bangkok to be the finest in the city?
You won't find it in a ritzy restaurant in Bangkok's upmarket neighbourhoods, where Italian or Japanese cuisine is...

Summary:


Academics have called for a ban on smacking after finding "compelling" evidence that it creates a "vicious circle" of conflict and violence that carries on into adulthood.

Article: Reece Burton, 25, was attending the North London Clinic in Edmonton, Enfield on permitted ground leave when he absconded on 20 November.
He had earlier been convicted of grievous bodily harm with intent and the Met Police issued warnings he was dangerous.
Burton was found in the Chelmsford area on Friday, Met Police said.
"Burton has now been returned to custody where he will no longer pose a threat to the public or himself," Det Supt Simon Warwick of the Met Police said.

Summary: A "dangerous" psychiatric patient who absconded from a London clinic has been found after a police manhunt.
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Article: In My Mother and Other Strangers, the peace of a small Tyrone parish is disturbed when an American airbase opens nearby.
The five-part series is set in the forties and was written by well-known musician and screenwriter Barry Devlin.
"It's like a big spaceship floating into this rural place," he said.
"It's set in a parish called Moybeg, which might or might not be something to do with a real parish called Ardboe.
"In 1942 this enormous airbase was dropped right into the middle of it, which let all of these exotic creatures with ray-bans and proper uniforms out into the parish."
The series stars Hattie Morahan as Rose Coyne and Owen McDonnell as her husband Michael.
However, Hattie falls in love with the American Captain Ronald Dreyfuss, played by Aaron Staton, best known for his role as Ken Cosgrove in Mad Men.
According to Staton, playing Dreyfuss meant learning more about his own grandfather, who fought in the battle of the Bulge in 1944.
"I've always been very proud of his service and it made me think about my grandfather although his experience was probably very different," he said.
"But it certainly made me wonder about what he saw.
"This actually happened, these bases in Northern Ireland.
"You've got these kids who've left home to possibly go off and die, and they're coming and disturbing what was a peaceful community.
"They feel at times entitled to a bit of fun as part of their service, but it's disrupting what would have been a quiet parish.
"It's my character's position to try to help these two worlds understand one another."
The character Rose is English, although she has lived in Moybeg for nearly two decades since marrying Michael.
According to Barry Devlin, that means she also has to confront different attitudes to the war and the Americans from some of the other villagers.
"There's a certain amount of resistance to the Americans coming in," he said.
"Some of that is just the kind of envy young men who don't have much money feel for young men who do.
"That's a kind of a volatile and potent...

Summary: It is a drama about what happens when two very different worlds collide in wartime.
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Article: And more than a quarter of the 2,000 polled plan to take their children out of school for a holiday this year.
The prospect of fines was unlikely to put them off, they said.
The survey by LV travel insurance found cost and difficulties getting time off work during peak times were the main reasons behind this.
The Department for Education (DfE) said schools were expected to take a "tough line" on requests to miss lessons.
One in five (20%) parents said they had sought their school's permission for a term-time holiday and been refused.
One in eight (12%) admitted having lied in order take their children out of school for a holiday.
The most common excuses included pretending their child was sick (35%), visiting sick relatives (20%), a family wedding (18%) and a trip for educational purposes (16%).
More than half (57%) of those surveyed said they took their children out of school for a holiday because it was cheaper, with a third (32%) saying they could not  afford a break during the school holidays.
A quarter (26%) said that they, or their partner, could not get time off work during school holidays.
Just under half (43%) said they would take their child out of class for a week, while 30% said their holiday would be shorter than this.
The survey, conducted by ICM, showed 43% of parents believed the cost of a fine was outweighed by the savings made by booking an off-peak holiday.
Issuing fines is one of the last resorts for schools to deal with absence problems,  including parents who take their child on holiday during term time without permission from the school.
A parent issued with a fine has 28 days to pay Â£50 - if they fail, it is doubled.
If the fine is not paid after 42 days,  the school or local authority has to withdraw the penalty notice, with the only further option being for local authorities to prosecute parents for the offence.
More than 32,600 penalty notices for school absence were issued to parents last year, and more than 127,000 have been issued since the scheme was introduced in...

Summary: More than half of parents (55%) in England admit having taken a child on holiday during term time, a poll suggests.
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Article: Alison Johnstone brought up the issue after being approached by local businesses.
She said a guarantee of just two bike spaces could "fail to match" demand for cycle trips to the Borders.
Transport Minister Derek Mackay said plans had not been finalised but space allocation was always a challenge.
The line between the capital and Tweedbank in the Borders is set to open to passengers in September this year.
It is hoped it could be used by one million passengers a year within five years.
However, the Scottish Greens have criticised the level of bicycle space being planned for services running to a region renowned for its mountain biking trails and cycling events.
Ms Johnstone, who co-convenes Holyrood's cross-party group on cycling, said the sport was worth millions to the Borders economy.
She said there was a risk that the major transport project would not provide the "increased capacity" that cycling deserved.
"Other countries are way ahead of us with bike carriages carrying dozens of bikes, and even some older Highland trains take at least six bikes," she said.
"Hiring a bike at the other end might work for some people, but I know lots of enthusiasts will want to take their own, much-loved bikes with them.
"I can see families considering a cycling holiday in the Borders giving the area a miss if they're unable to take their own bikes by rail."
She urged Abellio, which will run services on the route, to "scale up" plans before September.
In two parliamentary answers, Mr Mackay said the firm had confirmed there would be "at least" two cycle spaces per train.
"In addition Abellio will ensure that all on-train staff involved are briefed on cycle capacity procedures and how to provide additional ad-hoc spaces where conditions allow," he said.
He said the Dutch firm's approach in the Netherlands had been to reduce the pressure for bike spaces by investing in better storage facilities at stations.
It also encourages regular cyclists to either join its Bike & Go scheme or maintain a second bike at destination...

Summary: A Green MSP has raised concerns about the capacity for bicycles on the trains which will run on the new Edinburgh to Borders railway.
###
Article: The researchers, commissioned by Scots charities, examined 74 studies done across the world in the past decade.
They concluded that smacking was associated with increased childhood aggression and antisocial behaviour.
There was also a "worrying risk" of escalation into physical abuse.
The report was commissioned by leading children's charities in Scotland, as well as the country's Children's Commissioner, and compiled by academics at University College London.
It found that in many countries, including the UK, the use of physical punishment was declining - although the decline had been quicker in many of the 47 countries that have already outlawed smacking.
It also found that public attitudes had shifted, with the use of physical punishment becoming less and less acceptable and a high proportion of parents doubting its usefulness.
But it said physical punishment was still common in Scotland and the UK, despite its negative effects being known and the fact that it "constitutes a clear violation of children's human rights".
Among the key findings of the report were:
The report concluded: "The evidence for harmful effects of physical punishment is strong and consistent, and the declines in the use of physical punishment in countries where it is prohibited make a compelling case for the introduction of such legislation.
"The current laws across the UK allowing physical punishment of children in the home and in private foster care should be challenged from both a human rights and a child wellbeing perspective.
"The international human rights consensus on physical punishment is clear: repeated examinations of UK laws have stated in unequivocal terms the imperative of legal reform to protect all children against all forms of physical punishment in all settings."
Earlier this year, a United Nations report called on the UK to "put an end to corporal punishment in all settings" and encourage non-violent forms of discipline instead.
Parents in England and Wales are currently allowed to use "reasonable chastisement",...

Summary:


The CDU has been in talks with the government since 2010, and has been in talks with the government since 2010.
The CDU has been in talks with the government since 2010, and has been in talks with the government since 2010.
The CDU has been in talks with the government since 2010, and

A feasibility study into a third River Thames bridge in the Reading area has been given council backing.

Article: Voting began at 07:00 BST and ended at 22:00.
Foyle was the first local constituency to declare a result, with 78.3% voting to Remain in the European Union out of a 57% turnout.
The outcome of the Northern Ireland poll will be announced at the Titanic centre in Belfast.
The ballot paper asked voters: "Should the United Kingdom remain a member of the European Union or leave the European Union?"
Electoral staff in Northern Ireland are spread across eight different count centres and have the task of counting the votes in more than 1,300 ballot boxes.
There were 619 polling stations across Northern Ireland and more than 1.25m people were registered to vote.
Declarations for parliamentary constituencies will be made throughout the night, with the final Northern Ireland and UK-wide result due by breakfast time on Friday.
The official declaration will be made at Manchester Town Hall.
There will be comprehensive coverage online, with live updates throughout polling day and overnight, as well as up-to-the minute results.
And from 06:00 BST on Friday, BBC News NI will have a live page dedicated to the outcome and reaction.
BBC One, the BBC News Channel and BBC Parliament are broadcasting a results show hosted by David Dimbleby alongside BBC experts and special guests.
Coverage continues throughout the night and Sophie Raworth, Andrew Neil and Victoria Derbyshire pick up the coverage on Friday morning.

Summary: The polls have closed in the EU referendum in Northern Ireland with counting under way.
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Article: Here is a list of all the local authorities that run crematoriums in the UK - showing their prices for a daytime adult cremation from 2010-11, 2015-16 and the percentage change.
Different councils provide different services for the basic fee listed below.
Where 2015-16 figures were unavailable the 2014-15 figures have been used (marked with *).
Angus Council is listed but now no longer carries out cremations.
Lewisham, North Lincolnshire, Salford City and Wakefield run crematoriums but have not responded to the BBC's Freedom Of Information request.
Find your local authority below:

Summary: The average cost of a cremation at a public crematorium has risen since 2010, according to a BBC Freedom of Information request.
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Article: Thousands of people raced through gallons of mud at Drumlanrig Castle near Thornhill at the weekend.
They were taking part in the annual Tough Mudder event.
It saw participants run through ice cold water and navigate around 20 obstacles in a course designed by British special forces.
Described by organisers as "the toughest event on the planet", the extreme endurance challenge was the brainchild of Will Dean and Guy Livingstone and regularly takes place in the UK, US, Australia and Canada to test fitness, stamina, mental strength and camaraderie.

Summary: .
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Article: At a meeting of her CDU party, she backed a burka ban in schools, courts and other state buildings.
It is widely accepted that a total ban would violate Germany's constitution.
Mrs Merkel was re-elected CDU leader but faces a tough challenge by the right-wing anti-immigration AfD party in next year's polls.
She has seen her approval ratings slip since her decision to allow about a million asylum seekers into Germany during last year's Europe-wide migrant crisis.
However the centre-right chancellor, who has been power since 2005, still retains wide support.
She was re-elected Christian Democratic Union (CDU) leader on Tuesday with 89.5% of the votes cast by about 1,000 delegates.
Mrs Merkel's comments drew thunderous applause from her party faithful but it will dismay those who have looked to her as Europe's defender of liberal values.
German constitutional law would probably prevent the CDU from seeking a complete ban on burkas in public. Nevertheless, Mrs Merkel made her distaste for full face veils clear.
In practice, very few women cover their faces in Germany. But this is about symbolism. Mrs Merkel has faced significant party and public anxiety about the integration of about a million asylum seekers.
She has gradually hardened her asylum policy, making it easier, for example, to deport foreign-born criminals.
And this is also about timing. Tuesday's speech in effect sets out the CDU stall ahead of next year's general election.
Mrs Merkel's conservatives, like other established parties, are losing votes to the AfD. Even she admits this will be the toughest election she has ever fought.
Mrs Merkel told the annual CDU congress in the city of Essen that it was right to expect integration from newcomers.
She expressed support for a proposal, outlined in August by Interior Minister Thomas de Maiziere, to outlaw the burka or any full-face veil in public buildings.
In German culture, she said, it was not appropriate for women to completely cover their faces and the full veil "should be banned wherever it is...

Summary: German Chancellor Angela Merkel has said the wearing of full-faced veils should be prohibited in the country "wherever it is legally possible".
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Article: Four councils have pledged £250,000 for a detailed traffic modelling plan to look at traffic on both sides of the proposed bridge in detail.
The idea for a new bridge to ease congestion in Reading town centre has been circulating for about 40 years.
There are three main routes over the Thames in the area, two in Caversham, Reading and one in Sonning, Wokingham.
Wokingham and Reading Borough Councils, along with Oxfordshire County Council and South Oxfordshire District Council have all pledged money for the study.
A spokesman for South Oxfordshire District Council said: "We are mindful of the potential negative impact that a scheme such as and additional bridge could have on the road network within South Oxfordshire.
"However we are committed to working with neighbouring authorities to identify solutions which may ease the traffic problems."
Wokingham council leader Keith Baker, said other ideas to ease the traffic congestion including an expanded park-and-ride route were "tinkering at the edges - we need to do something big".
Mr Baker said: "We've had an extensive traffic model for our area but what we didn't have was going across the river into Oxfordshire.
"That hopefully will give us the definitive evidence to start mitigating against some of the issues that Oxfordshire County Council have."
The bridge and any road alterations would cost between £60m and £100m, which would require government funding.

Summary: