The study found that people with the PDSS2 DNA variation tended to drink fewer cups of coffee than people without the variation - equivalent to one fewer cup daily on average.
The researchers said the change could be down to the different styles of coffee drunk in the two countries.
The study is published in the journal

Researchers have identified a gene that appears to curb coffee consumption.

Article: The National Union of Mineworkers (NUM) said 549 miners would receive eight weeks' back pay of up to £3,800 each.
The union claimed miners at the North Yorkshire pit, which closed in 2015, received smaller payouts than workers at Thoresby in Nottinghamshire.
It successfully argued the closure of the two pits had been the same and therefore payouts should be similar.
Miners at Thoresby, which closed in July 2015, were granted a "protective award" when UK Coal, the mine's owner, and the government accepted the mine was closed without proper consultation with workers.
The union successfully argued before an industrial tribunal in Sheffield the same circumstances applied to the closure of Kellingley six months later, yet there was no agreement to provide the same level of financial support to workers.
An NUM spokesman said it was "money the men were entitled to and shouldn't have had to fight for".
Yvette Cooper, the Labour MP for Normanton, Pontefract and Castleford, whose constituency includes Kellingley, said: "This tribunal judgement proves that the government's decision to deny the Kellingley miners the same support as the Thoresby miners was an outrage and a betrayal of the Yorkshire miners who kept working until the very end."
The Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy has been approached for comment.

Summary: Miners made redundant through the closure of Kellingley colliery are to receive additional payments.
###
Article: Victoria Prentis said that former armed forces inmates and women had "particularly low reoffending rates".
The Justice Select Committee member made the comments in a debate on the prison population, which has nearly doubled since the 1980s to 85,000.
But she admitted the proposal was just "tinkering around the edges".
The Banbury MP member added Imprisonment for Public Protection (IPP) prisoners - who remain in prison for public safety - could also be released.
In the Commons debate on Wednesday, she said: "Women prisoners and veterans have very low reoffending rates. But this is tinkering around the edges of the large prison population at the moment."
In November last year Justice Secretary Liz Truss unveiled a White Paper detailing Â£1.3bn investment in new prisons over the next five years, and plans for 2,100 extra officers.
But some high-profile prison riots in HMP Birmingham, Bedford and Lewes towards the end of 2016 led the National Council of Independent Monitoring Boards to claim low staffing levels had contributed to the disruption.
Ms Prentis added: "If we can't recruit, as I accept the department is trying desperately hard to do, would the minister commit today to at least considering whether we should have a shift in the sentencing framework, a shift... to community-based alternatives?"
Prisons minister Sam Gyimah, responding to a range of points at the end of the debate, said: "It is incredibly simplistic to say that the problems in our prisons are simply due to staffing. There is the rise of new psychoactive substances and old taboos in prisons have been broken.
"It used to be the case that prisoners never attacked a female prison officer. Now, we see that routinely on our wings. Our prisons have changed and to deal with that complex problem, we need a multifaceted set of answers. That is what this Government are delivering."

Summary: Women and army veteran prisoners should be considered for early release to ease pressure on the prison population, according to a Conservative MP.
###
Article: Almost 5,000 people will begin degree apprenticeships in 2017-18, nearly eight times as many as when the scheme launched in 2015, says Universities UK.
The scheme was already reaching people who would not otherwise have gone to university, the report found.
But more needed to be done to communicate the benefits, said UUK President Dame Julia Goodfellow.
The degree apprenticeship scheme operates across England and Wales, although people can apply from throughout the UK.
The UUK study, launched to coincide with National Apprenticeships Week and based on a survey of 66 English universities, found:
The current growth was driven by the need to meet key skills shortages, the researchers found, with chartered management, digital and technology solutions and engineering the top three areas of provision.
"Degree apprenticeships could play a key role in reducing skills gaps and skills mismatches," says the report.
Additionally, with course fees shared between government and employers, the scheme offers particular benefits to people who might not have considered a degree, says UUK.
However, the report also found "a general perception among institutions" that awareness of the scheme among individuals and employers remained too low.
The report urges government and universities to increase efforts "to publicise and improve understanding of degree apprenticeships and their fundamental role in supporting social mobility and raising productivity".
Many larger companies, which are liable to pay the apprenticeship levy of 0.5% on payrolls from next month, are already aware of degree apprenticeships, say the researchers, but they want greater efforts to make small and medium sized enterprises aware of them.
'Artificial divide'
"Many people feel they have been left behind in the drive to increase higher level skills in recent years,"  said Dame Julia.
"Degree apprenticeships are an excellent way to get to these harder-to-reach groups while, at the same time, ensuring that what we deliver on campus meets the needs of students, the...

Summary: Degree apprenticeships, encompassing university and work, are "on the verge of significant success", says a report.
###
Article: People with a DNA variation in a gene called PDSS2 tend to drink fewer cups of coffee, a study carried out at the University of Edinburgh has found.
It suggests the gene reduces cell ability to break down caffeine.
This causes it to stay in the body for longer and means those with the gene get the same caffeine hit through less coffee.
One scientist working on the project said it suggests the "drive to drink coffee may be embedded in our genes".
The researchers studied the DNA of 370 people living in a small village in southern Italy and 843 people from six villages in north-east Italy.
The subjects were asked to complete a survey including a question about how many cups of coffee they drank each day.
The team found people with the PDSS2 DNA variation tended to consume fewer cups of coffee than people without the variation - equivalent to one fewer cup daily on average.
Researchers replicated the study in a group of 1,731 people from the Netherlands. The result was similar but the effect of the gene on the number of cups of coffee consumed was slightly lower.
The scientists said the change could be down to the different styles of coffee drunk in the two countries.
In Italy, people tend to drink smaller cups such as espresso whereas in the Netherlands the preference is towards larger cups which contain more caffeine overall.
Dr Nicola Pirastu, a Chancellor's Fellow at the University of Edinburgh, said: "The results of our study add to existing research suggesting that our drive to drink coffee may be embedded in our genes.
"We need to do larger studies to confirm the discovery and also to clarify the biological link between PDSS2 and coffee consumption."
The study is published in the journal Scientific Reports and was conducted at the universities of Edinburgh and Trieste, the Burlo Garofolo Pediatric Institute in Italy, the Erasmus Medical Centre and PolyOmica, a data analysis company based in Groningen, the Netherlands.

Summary:


to get the government to act on its own initiative to ensure that the government is not being held accountable for its actions.
The government has been

One of the biggest Scotch whisky distillers has seen faster growth in sales of its Irish whiskey brand, according to new figures.

Article: But not so George Osborne. Because on Friday he announced he would redeem Â£218m of a so-called consolidated loan - a class of gilt-edged stock commonly known as Consols - which were issued in 1927 by his undistinguished (at the Treasury) predecessor, Winston Churchill.
The Treasury has had the option to repay or redeem the loan since 1957, according to the original prospectus terms.
But it has never done so, because 4% interest looked very good value for taxpayers.
So why is the chancellor paying off the loan now?
Well it is because - as I assume you know - the interest rate the government currently has to pay is exceptionally and amazingly low.
I wrote about this recently in a column about how investors are placing bets that the long term growth prospects for the UK and other big rich economies are lacklustre at best, and why they are prepared to lend colossal sums to the supposedly safe-as-houses government at rates of interest that don't match the rate of inflation.
Here is one measure of these extraordinary market conditions. Last Tuesday the Debt Management Office, which borrows on behalf of HM Treasury, sold Â£4bn of a loan that doesn't have to be repaid till 2068 and on this loan it is paying an interest rate, or yield, of 2.966%.
In other words, it is borrowing for 54 years at an interest rate of less than 3%.
Now the last time the interest rate paid by the government was almost as low as this when issuing gilts or borrowing for such a long period was in August 1937, 34 years before George Osborne was born.
And the Debt Management Office has no record of ever having paid a lower rate of interest when selling a loan of that kind of ultra-long maturity.
So of course there is logic to the chancellor repaying the perpetual loan, the Consols, on which he pays a 33% higher rate of interest of 4%.
That looks like smart business for taxpayers.
But is he tempting fate in the decision to repay?
Chancellors should not be superstitious, I suppose. But some might wonder whether in deciding to repay a loan which...

Summary: If most of us could borrow money at 4% interest, and would never have to repay it, we would be pretty happy.
###
Article: Lawyers for Liam Adams said the level of media coverage on both sides of the Irish border even before his trial turned it into "a national issue".
They also argued guidance to the jury may have wrongly shifted the burden onto him to prove he was innocent of a string of sexual assaults on his daughter Áine. The appeal continues.
Liam Adams, 59, formerly of Bernagh Drive in Belfast, is serving a 16-year jail sentence for the offences against his daughter, who waived her right to anonymity.
The abuse was said to have been committed over a six-year period between 1977 and 1982 when she was aged between four and nine.
He consistently denied the allegations throughout a second trial at Belfast Crown Court in 2013.
However, a jury convicted him of 10 offences against his daughter: three charges of rape, four counts of indecent assault and a further three counts of gross indecency.
At the start of his appeal on Wednesday, he smiled at his wife Bronagh and other relatives who had gathered in the public gallery to support him.
Opening the case, his barrister said they were challenging what she said was the trial judge's failure to direct the jury on how they should assess issues about the extensive publicity before and after a first trial that had collapsed due to legal reasons.
She said a television documentary had sparked widespread media attention.
Her client's brother, Gerry Adams, revealed in an interview that his father subjected family members to sexual abuse, the court heard.
Giving evidence as a prosecution witness at the first trial, the Sinn Féin president claimed his brother confessed to him that he had "molested" his daughter.
Focusing on the level of publicity, the barrister said that by the time of the second trial, any jury member would have heard about the case and her client's earlier battle against being extradited from the Republic of Ireland.
"What makes this case different from a case where someone who is well-known to the public is being tried for serious criminal offences... (is) the...

Summary: Jurors who found a brother of Gerry Adams guilty of raping his own daughter were not properly directed on how to deal with widespread publicity in the case, the Court of Appeal has heard.
###
Article: Green Party politicians Caroline Lucas MP and Baroness Jenny Jones argued a long-standing doctrine protecting MPs' communications was being breached.
But in a landmark decision the Investigatory Powers Tribunal said the so-called "Wilson Doctrine" was no bar to the incidental collection of data.
Ms Lucas said the decision was a "body blow" for democracy.
The Wilson Doctrine came into being in 1966 when the then Labour prime minister, Harold Wilson, gave assurances to MPs that their phone calls would not be intercepted without him knowing - and that he would tell Parliament of any change in that policy.
The doctrine has been repeatedly reaffirmed, including by Prime Minister David Cameron.
However, Ms Lucas, Baroness Jones and former MP George Galloway argued that GCHQ was acting outside the long-standing doctrine by bulk collecting communications data from the internet, which would inevitably include correspondence between parliamentarians and their constituents.
By Dominic Casciani, BBC Home Affairs correspondent
The IPT couldn't have been clearer about the worthlessness of the Wilson Doctrine had they shoved a copy of Hansard from 17 November 1966 into the courtroom shredder.
But while their ruling may come as something of a shock to some MPs - it's been abundantly clear for almost a decade that the doctrine's days were numbered.
Wilson gave his guarantee to MPs when the UK refused to admit that it even had spooky agencies working in the shadows. Today, there is legislation that sets out how agencies can intercept communications.
The existence of those laws has led to repeated questions about whether Wilson is still needed. MPs like Caroline Lucas argue that it still is because of the sensitive work that some parliamentarians do in holding the executive to account.
"We are satisfied that the Wilson Doctrine is not enforceable in English law by the claimants or other MPs or peers by way of legitimate expectation," said the IPT.
"The Wilson Doctrine has no legal effect, but in practice the agencies must...

Summary: MPs have no protection from having their communications read by UK security agencies, a tribunal has said.
###
Article: Pernod Ricard, which is based in France, is the second biggest distiller of Scotch after Diageo.
Its brands include Chivas, The Glenlivet and Ballentine's.
However, the distiller reported that Jameson's, the biggest-selling Irish whiskey, continued to be the star performer among its premium brands.
American sales of the Cork-distilled whiskey were up more than 10%.
In its update for investors, the drinks company reported total sales rose 3% in the first three months of 2017, and the detail gave some pointers to the market for whisky and other drinks around the world.
Pernod Ricard reported the Chinese market "remains challenging for Scotch", while there were more positive sales figures for Martell brandy.
Imported spirits have been held back in China by official disapproval of conspicuous business hospitality and gifts. Bar and restaurant sales were reported to remain in decline.
The company said Korean sales continue a "strong decline" across its brands.
It also reported on the disruptive effect in India of the government removing large amounts of the nation's paper money from circulation, and a new law that will forbid the sale of alcohol close to highways.
In Latin America, which has been a strong growth area for Scotch exports, Brazilian sales were weaker due to prolonged recession. But sales across the Pernod Ricard brands were strongly up in other countries, led by Colombia, Argentina, Uruguay and Cuba.
The UK market was described as resilient and "dynamic", because its products were being imported ahead of price increases in March, linked to the weakening of sterling. Among the stronger performers were Absolut vodka and Jameson's.
With its full year results for 2015-16, Pernod Ricard reported Jameson's global sales were up 12% by volume and 16% by value.
In Scotch whisky, Ballentine's rose 5% by volume over the year, while Chivas was down 5% and Glenlivet single malt by 2%.
Another French company with a stake in Scotch whisky, Remy-Martin, this week reported that its sales of "Progressive Hebridean"...

Summary:

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The bill is to go before the House of Commons to allow the House of Commons to allow the House of Commons to allow the House of Commons to allow the House of Commons to allow the House of Commons to allow the House of Commons to allow the House of Commons to allow the House of Commons to allow the House of Commons

A bill to restrict foreign ownership in Russia's media will soon go before the parliament, which is dominated by MPs loyal to President Vladimir Putin.

Article: In a growing row between the government and bakers, officials said that bakeries could face fines if people had to queue to get their bread.
Severe shortages of basic goods mean that Venezuelans often have to queue for hours to buy essential items.
The government says the shortages are caused by an "economic war".
Venezuela does not produce wheat and relies on imports bought in by the government which it then sends to mills where it is ground and then distributed.
The government blames bakers for the bread shortages, accusing them of using the flour allocated to them to bake pastries rather than simple baguette-style bread in order to maximise their profits.
Croissants and other sweet baked goods are more expensive than baguettes and French-style breads, as the prices for the latter are controlled by the socialist government.
Under the new regulations, bakers will be forced to use 90% of the flour they are given to bake ordinary bread and only 10% for pastries and other sweetened goods.
On Sunday, President Nicolas Maduro announced that inspectors would be sent to 709 bakeries in the capital, Caracas, to ensure they were complying with the new rules.
He said that those "speculators who hide the bread from the people will face the weight of the law".
"They're going to pay, I swear. Those responsible for the bread war are going to pay and they better not complain that it was a political persecution," he added.
Vice-President Tareck El Aissami warned that "bakeries which do not follow [the rules] will be occupied by the government".
But the baker's federation, Fevipan, says it cannot produce more bread unless its members are given more flour.
On Tuesday, it said in a tweet [in Spanish]  that 80% of bakeries had "zero inventory", while the remaining bakeries had only received 10% of the monthly supplies".
"When there's flour, we sell bread, but they only send it every 15 or 20 days," a worker in a Caracas bakery told the Agence France Press news agency.
"We are given 20 sacks and normally we'd need eight a day,"...

Summary: The Venezuelan government says it will expropriate bakeries which fail to abide by new government regulations aimed at tackling bread shortages.
###
Article: Opened in 2012, the institute aims to develop academic, economic and social ties with China.
The university's vice chancellor Prof Paddy Nixon has said the institute is not at risk.
UU decided to close its school of modern languages earlier this year as part of a response to budget cuts.
However, it said they would "continue to support the teaching of Chinese" in schools across Northern Ireland.
Although UU decided to close its school of modern languages, the university said it would "continue to support the teaching of Chinese" in schools across Northern Ireland.
Degrees in Chinese, French, Spanish and German will not be taught after 2019.
In its original bid for the Confucius Institute in 2011, UU said it wanted to lead "the development of the study of Chinese language and culture throughout Northern Ireland at all levels".
It also said it was "committed to the study of languages for professional life".
But in the letter to UU's vice-chancellor Professor Paddy Nixon, seen by the BBC, the nine academic staff in the university's modern language department warned: "Our reputation at a whole series of levels will be further damaged when the Confucius Institute, in the bid for which we showed unwavering commitment to the promotion of modern languages, is withdrawn from us, as inevitably it must, and relocated elsewhere in NI."
They also said the decision to close the school will cause "enormous damage" and expressed concern about how existing students will be able to finish their degrees.
In the letter, the staff took issue with "the reassurance given to new students and those in the early stages of their studies... that the quality of their student experience will be in no way compromised".
"It is hard to understand how you can give these students such an assurance," the letter said.
"No-one knows and no clear decision has as yet been taken, let alone communicated to interested parties, what the exact scenario for teaching out the final year of an honours degree in modern languages at Ulster University will...

Summary: Modern languages staff at Ulster University (UU) have warned its vice chancellor that its Confucius Institute may have to close.
###
Article: Chris McGimpsey made his remarks after the zoo was criticised by the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (Eaza).
Eaza found many of the enclosures were too small and it listed seven minor concerns about the welfare of animals.
Belfast City Council, which owns the zoo, has said work is already under way to rectify the issues Eaza has raised.
The European body's findings were revealed earlier this week by the Belfast Telegraph.
Mr McGimpsey, an Ulster Unionist councillor in the city, is an animal rights activist and a long-time critic of zoos.
Speaking on the BBC's Nolan Show on Wednesday night, he said: "I think people should stay away until we're confident that the animals are being kept in proper husbandry conditions."
He said the council had sought accreditation from Eaza but it had responded with a long list of "very severe concerns" about the operation of Belfast Zoo.
"They talk about the sea lions being kept in fresh water instead of salt water; they talk about sea lions being kept in water that is unclean and they talk about them being kept in a compound that is not deep enough."
Mr McGimpsey, added: "Elephants, in their natural environment, maraud in their lives over 1,000 sq km; [247,100 acres].  Elephants in Belfast Zoo have two thirds of an acre."
Eaza's letter to the council also said the buildings where lemurs are kept are far too small and that rabbits and reptiles are not housed in acceptable conditions.
It raised concerns about the "unacceptable" level of aggression between Andean bears and the "questionable welfare" of the male.
Mr McGimpsey claimed the facility was "not up to standard" and was "not something that Belfast City Council can be proud of".
However, he added that he hoped the improvement works would be completed by April next year.
It is not the first time the UUP councillor has publicly criticised Belfast Zoo.
In September, he joined calls for the "Victorian peep show" to be shut down.
He said it should be replaced with a conservation area for priority species that are native...

Summary: A Belfast councillor has urged the public to stay away from Belfast Zoo until it addresses criticism of the conditions in which it keeps animals.
###
Article: If made law, the measure will put a 20% ceiling on any foreign stakes in Russian media, including those held indirectly through Russian partners.
Russia's main media outlets are state-owned or controlled by loyal oligarchs.
But top Putin ally Sergei Zheleznyak said Russia was facing "an information war unleashed against the country".
Russian TV news has accused the Ukrainian government of provoking clashes in eastern Ukraine through acts of aggression, including indiscriminate shelling of civilians.
The Kiev government blames pro-Russian separatists for the violence, and says Russia has fomented it by supplying soldiers and heavy weapons to the rebels.
The media bill is to go before Duma (lower house) deputies on 23 September, Itar-Tass news agency reports.
The restrictions would apply to magazines and internet publications as well as newspapers and broadcast media.
The bill is highly likely to become law as it was proposed by MPs who usually support the pro-Kremlin group United Russia.
BBC Monitoring reports that foreigners directly own stakes in some Russian mainstream media:

Summary:


The PFA has been criticised for its lack of transparency and lack of transparency in the way it works.

The amount of radon gas found in the Channel Islands is associated with the geology of the island and not construction materials, a survey finds.

Article: There were secret ballots for five positions, with Dai Lloyd of Plaid Cymru elected health committee chair.
Labour's Lynne Neagle will lead the education committee and Conservative Russell George the economy committee.
Conservative AM Nick Ramsay will chair the public accounts committee, scrutinising spending by public bodies.
AMs agreed on Tuesday which party the chairs for each committee would come from, with a Labour AM chairing six of the committees, Plaid Cymru three, the Conservatives two and UKIP one.
Only five of 13 of the assembly's committee chairs were contested. In seven other cases, only one AM was nominated and so there was no ballot.
Scrutiny of the First Minister Committee will be chaired by Ann Jones - the position comes with the job of being deputy presiding officer.
The results of the ballots were:
Those who have been appointed unopposed were:
The committees were divided among the parties based on the number of AMs they have.

Summary: Assembly members have voted for the first time to decide who leads some of the body's influential committees.
###
Article: Carillion is part of a joint venture that has won a bid to design and build part of the Â£56bn high speed rail link.
But last week its chief executive stepped down and the firm warned results would fall short of forecasts.
A spokesman for HS2 Ltd said it was "confident" in the joint venture.
He said: "Obviously in the light of last Monday's announcement by Carillion, HS2 has carried out additional due diligence and sought re-assurance of both it and its two partners in the joint venture - Kier and Eiffage - that they remained committed and able to deliver the contract.
"Each company's boards have both given that assurance and confirmed that they underwrite the performance of each other in delivering the contract. And that is the key point. HS2, of course, will continue to monitor the situation."
Carillion disclosed on Monday that it had appointed consultancy firm EY to help with a strategic review of the business "with a particular focus upon cost reduction and cash collection".
Under its interim chief executive Keith Cochrane, Carillion said it was taking immediate action to generate significant cashflow in the short term and cut its debt.
Carillion's share price jumped by 23.33% to 69.25p, but it still remains far below the pre-profit warning level of 191p.
The consortium of Carillion, Kier and Eiffage of France is one of a number of partnerships that have won  contracts to build tunnels, bridges and viaducts between London and Birmingham for the first phase of HS2.
The spokesman for HS2 Ltd pointed out that each of the contracts had two parts, beginning with a 16-month design period where the government and the joint venture work closely together before starting on the second construction phase.

Summary: The government was forced to seek assurances from Carillion's partners on the HS2 project that they can step in to deliver on the work if necessary after the company warned on profits.
###
Article: Chairman from the bottom two divisions indicated at a meeting in September that they are in favour of 3G surfaces being used from 2015-16.
The proposal could be approved at a further meeting in November.
"The PFA are surprised and disappointed by the recent decision," the PFA's Simon Barker told BBC Sport.
"It is a concern that the PFA as representatives of the players has not been asked to make representations before the club chairmen voted as ultimately it will be our members playing on these pitches."
Barker, assistant chief executive at the PFA, added that the League Managers Association had also not been consulted and raised fears over injuries and damage to the sport's integrity.
And he added that a survey of the PFA's members two years ago conducted as part of a wider consultation by the Football League saw players vote overwhelming against the reintroduction of artificial pitches.
Back in September, 26 out of 46 chairmen voted in favour of introducing the surfaces in theory after watching a presentation on the benefits of 3G surfaces.
Barker believes that the enthusiasm from chairman for a return to artificial pitches is based on inflated promises of income generated by installing a 3G surface.
"It would seem that they are being driven by promises of increased commercial revenue streams and not for reasons of quality, integrity and safety," he said.
"Discussions we have had with knowledgeable sources within the game suggest that figures quoted from additional revenue from hiring out an artificial pitch are often hugely inflated."
Former Blackburn Rovers, QPR and Port Vale midfielder Barker believes that the long-term dangers of playing on artificial surfaces, outlawed in English professional football in 1995, have not been examined.
"There have been no studies on long-term injuries with players playing regularly on artificial surfaces," he said. "This area is of major concern to the PFA and could lead to litigation if a player's career was cut short due to injuries associated with playing over an...

Summary: The Professional Footballers' Association has criticised Football League plans to introduce artificial pitches in League One and League Two.
###
Article: The three-month tests of 137 island homes, 73 in Guernsey and 64 in Jersey, measured the level of gas in the walls.
Radon occurs naturally in areas with a large amount of granite and 99 of the homes tested were below target levels.
Fourteen island homes were above the target level and owners have been told to ensure there is good ventilation.
The survey was carried by the islands' authorities with the UK Health Protection Agency. The 137 properties were selected to cover a range of geological conditions and population areas.
The aim was to find out more about radon and its distribution.
Val Cameron, the Channel Islands strategic lead for environmental health, said: "The recent survey updates and confirms the information from previous surveys; this is that radon is associated with the granite geology of the island, and not the construction material of an individual building."
International research has found exposure to radon gas can increase the chances of contracting lung cancer for people who smoke.
Dr Susan Turnbull, medical officer of health for Jersey, said: "To help put the main risk factors for the commonest form of lung cancer into perspective, for every 100 cases of lung cancer around 95 will have been caused by smoking alone, about four will be due to the combined effects of smoking and radon exposure.
"Only one will be due to radon exposure alone. So it is a real risk, albeit a low one. The most sensible thing anyone can do to reduce their risk of getting lung cancer is to stop smoking."
Mrs Cameron said: "Of the homes surveyed, some were identified as being above the action level. Advice has been given to those householders about measures to remedy the problem."
Previously radon surveys were carried out in Jersey in 1987, 1992 and 1997, and in Guernsey in 1985. In 2012, tests were also carried out in Herm, Alderney and Sark.
In 1984 the Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution and the International Commission on Radiological Protection reported on the need for a reduction of radon exposures in homes.

Summary:


The government has been working on a plan to build a new technology centre in the north of the country, with the aim of building a new technology centre in the north of the country.
The plan is to build a new technology centre in the north of the country, with the aim of building a new technology centre in

A £15m cash fund to boost culture and creativity across the North of England has been announced by the government.

Article: He told the Conservative conference the public finances should be in the black when the economy was strong as insurance against a "rainy day".
His comments were taken as suggesting more years of spending restraint.
Business welcomed the goal but Labour said Mr Osborne had missed targets before and could not be trusted.
The BBC News Channel's chief political correspondent Norman Smith said Mr Osborne's underlying message was that austerity would continue after the next election despite the return to growth.
In his keynote speech in Manchester, Mr Osborne also said he intended to freeze fuel duty for the rest of the Parliament, up to May 2015, if the money could be found.
In other developments on the second day of Conservative conference:
The last time the government ran an absolute budget surplus - meaning that it generated more in revenues, including tax yields, than it spent - was in 2001.
The UK has only balanced the books in seven out of the last 50 years.
Mr Osborne pledged to continue to keep control of spending even after the economic recovery was secured to avoid repeating the mistakes of "deluded" predecessors who believed they had abolished boom and bust.
By Ross HawkinsPolitical correspondent, BBC News
George Osborne's new rule for the next parliament is easier to understand than the current one.
At the moment he aims to balance the books at the end of a five-year period, but the sums don't account for capital spending - the money that goes on big projects.
And they don't include the bit of the deficit expected to vanish as the economy recovers.
His new plan sees him aiming to get rid of the entire deficit by 2020, providing there's no recession, and keep capital spending growing at the same rate as the economy.
He will hold up his pledge as evidence of Tory prudence against a Labour Party he'll paint as spendthrifts.
Tory strategists will hope a plan to run up a surplus and provide investment sounds straightforward and appealing.
But it could mean extra austerity, and make quick tax cuts harder in...

Summary: Chancellor George Osborne has said he wants the government to be running a surplus in the next Parliament and can get there without raising taxes.
###
Article: Antonio Bagnato is believed by Thai police to have killed former Hells Angels member Wayne Schneider.
A US man has also been arrested in Thailand in connection to the biker's death.
Wayne Schneider was one of New South Wales' 10-most-wanted fugitives in 2006.
The 37-year-old was abducted from his home by five masked men in the Thai beachside town of Pattaya early on Monday, Thai authorities said.
His body was later found in a 2m (6ft) deep grave in the jungle.
Cambodian and Thai officials say that Mr Bagnato, who is also Australian, has been caught in Phnom Penh.
The 27-year-old is said by Thai media to have had ties with Wayne Schneider back in Sydney. The Bangkok Post said they had owned a fitness business together, and Mr Bagnato was also involved in a bike gang.
A 21-year-old man from the US has also been arrested. He has been charged with kidnap and murder, AFP news agency said.
Thai authorities are still looking for other suspects.
The case has drawn attention in Australia where Wayne Schneider had a long criminal history.
He was on New South Wales' most wanted list for shooting a bouncer in the kneecap outside a Sydney nightclub, though the charges were later dropped, according to the Australian Broadcasting Corporation.
He also faced drug offence charges and was said to be a senior member of the Hells Angels motorcycle gang.

Summary: The prime suspect in the killing of an Australian biker in Thailand has been arrested in neighbouring Cambodia, authorities say.
###
Article: This is in contrast to the meetings of particular committees, or individual political groups.
Twelve full plenary sittings take place in Strasbourg every year, generally once a month with the exception of August, which is replaced by a secondary plenary sitting in September or October.
The sittings last from Monday afternoon until Thursday lunchtime.
There are also a small number of "mini-plenary" sittings that take place in Brussels each year on a Wednesday afternoon.
Every sitting starts with an official opening by the President of the European Parliament, Martin Schulz. This gives MEPs the chance to formally approve the agenda for the week and make any amendments.
Proposals to add a debate to the agenda have to be made to the President at least one hour before the sitting opens, and can be tabled by one of the Parliament's committees, one of its political groups, or a group of 40 MEPs.
In order to be formally added, an item must be approved by a simple majority - and can be done on a show of hands.
The session is then taken up with five main types of business:
Once derided as a "rubber-stamping" chamber, the European Parliament's power to shape EU legislation increased significantly with the coming into force of the Lisbon Treaty in 2009.
The body is now a co-legislator with the Council of Ministers on the majority of EU laws.
For the remainder of EU legislation, the European Parliament has a formal consultative role.
Legislative debates usually open with a speech by the appointed "rapporteur",  the MEP appointed by the relevant committee to draw up the Parliament's position on a proposed law.
A vote will have already been taken in committee, before going to the full parliament.
After this, the floor will normally be taken by spokespeople for other relevant committees, followed by the relevant EU Commissioner (it is the Commission that will have originally have proposed the legislation), and a representative of the EU Council of Ministers.
These interventions can be quite long, particularly if there has...

Summary: A plenary sitting is the name given to a full session of the European Parliament, attended by all MEPs.
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Article: Culture Secretary Karen Bradley said the money would be given "to develop inspirational projects that could have a transformative local effect".
She said it would be a legacy from next year's Great Exhibition Of The North, to be held in Newcastle and Gateshead.
It comes after the government scrapped projects in the north and then backed a £30bn Crossrail 2 scheme for London.
Jake Berry, minister for the so-called Northern Powerhouse, welcomed the cash injection.
He said: "The North is a cultural powerhouse, as well as an economic one, and this £15m fund will give a boost to the region's vibrant culture and tech sectors.
"We've already invested over £3.4bn for projects to boost local economies in the Northern Powerhouse and this latest funding will help make sure the Great Exhibition of the North creates a legacy for years to come."
Under the scheme, towns and cities across the north can apply for grants of up to £4m per project via the Northern Cultural Regeneration Fund.
Projects such as opening a new tech start-up centre or renovating live music venues would be considered.
Ms Bradley said: "We want as many people as possible to benefit from the Great Exhibition Of The North, and this fund will boost the Northern Powerhouse and help build a lasting legacy across the whole region."
The first round of bids will be coordinated by Local Enterprise Partnerships in Cheshire and Warrington, Cumbria, East Riding, Greater Manchester, Humber, Lancashire, Leeds, Liverpool, North East, Sheffield, Tees, York and North Yorkshire.
Successful projects are expected to be announced in March 2018.

Summary:


The team has been working hard to improve the sport in the past few years, but it has been a challenge to improve the sport.
"I think it's a good thing that we have to improve the sport in the future," said Mo.
"I think it's a good thing that we have to improve

Athletics stars Mo Farah and Greg Rutherford have shared their tips for young athletes with Newsround.

Article: Chairman Gareth Davies has written to each of the Union's 320 member clubs.
"The changes we are making are part of our continued aim to modernise the way in which the game is governed in Wales," he said.
"We have created four new 'sub-boards' which will meet to discuss specific areas of governance, prior to full Board meetings."
Davies added: "All sporting bodies are being scrutinised closely on their governance structures and composition of their management boards, and, partly in response, but mainly as it is the right thing to do, we have recently reviewed our internal structures."
Four new sub-boards have been created to discuss specific aspects of governance prior to full board meetings, with the aim of streamlining the decision-making process in Welsh rugby.
Each sub-board will discuss their specific areas - Commercial, Financial, professional/performance and community game.
The Union says this means full board meetings will not need to be held as regularly and should be "less cumbersome."
The sub-boards, which can co-opt members, will meet every month, while the full WRU Board will now be scheduled to meet in its entirety four times a year instead of 12.

Summary: The Welsh Rugby Union has outlined a major structural overhaul in a bid to modernise the way the game is governed.
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Article: UK researchers also found that insects in northern latitudes were more vulnerable than their southern-dwelling cousins.
The team added that many insects were unable to move great distances while they are juveniles. Therefore, they are at risk from a warming climate.
The findings have been published in the Journal of Evolutionary Biology.
"You get an extreme heat weather event that [the insect] cannot escape from because they are juveniles, so they can't move as much," explained co-author Rhonda Snook from the University of Sheffield, UK.
"They live through it because it does not kill them, but then they have the subsequent problem of reproducing."
Dr Snook said the insects in the team's experiments were exposed to a temperature increase of 5.5C (9.9F) for 10 days, which was enough to cause permanent damage to the insects' ability to reproduce.
She said the team was interested in studying the effect of temperature rises in organisms that were unable to move away from their immediate environment.
"Lots of insects in their juvenile stage can't move very far because they are larvae or because they are small nymphs - they are smaller and they do not have wings so they are not as mobile so they're stuck where they are."
Dr Snook told BBC News that the team carried out the experiments on fruit flies but she expected the results to be replicated in many other insects.
"I think that this is going to be a very common effect, a very common phenomenon across insects."
The team examined the effect of increased ambient temperature rise on two populations of fruit flies: one from Spain and another from Sweden.
"We showed that the one that evolved in a colder temperature (Swedish fruit flies) was less resistant to these extreme weather events than the southern (Spanish) population. That wasn't known before.
Dr Snook explained that the Spanish flies had evolved where the predominant selection pressure was likely to have been heat.
"If your predominant selection pressure in the north is cold then you're going to be selected to...

Summary: A warming world harms insects' ability to reproduce, which could have long-term consequences, scientists warn.
###
Article: Lewis Hamilton leads Mercedes team-mate Nico Rosberg by 17 points before the last race in Abu Dhabi on 23 November.
If Rosberg wins, Hamilton needs to finish second to take the title. Under the old system, sixth would be enough.
"Hopefully double points will not make a difference," said Wolff.
Media playback is not supported on this device
"It would put a big shadow over the championship if it was turned by a technical issue."
Hamilton has won 10 races this season to Rosberg's five, but Wolff said that did not mean the German would be an undeserving winner if he ended up triumphant because of double points.
"Whoever has most points at the end the season is the worthy champion," he said. "Even though if it really comes down to that situation, some of us might have a different feeling about it, it is what it is.
"Whoever wins the championship is going to have his name in the record books and that's it."
Double points were introduced this season at F1 commercial supremo Bernie Ecclestone's behest but the issue has been controversial all year.
Most drivers and team bosses have expressed their objection to the scheme and it has met vociferous opposition from fans.
Wolff said he would push for it to be dropped next season.
"Nobody likes the double points," he said. "We are going to discuss it next time around.
"I don't think Bernie likes it, so it is probably something we should be getting rid of for next season."
Hamilton is opposed to double points. He said after finishing second to Rosberg in Brazil on Sunday: "It's never happened in F1 before. It just so happens to be this season."
And he added that he agreed with the view expressed by Rosberg, who said: "I find it artificial and I don't like it in general.
"Of course, it's great for me at the moment, but you know that's just because of the situation.
"But there are other sports which have tried the same sort of thing, like Nascar, and they've done this very successfully.
"We need to keep on reviewing it. It's good to try something and we'll see how it goes this year."

Summary: There will be "a big shadow" over the F1 World Championship if the award of double points at the final race of the season decides the title, according to Mercedes team boss Toto Wolff.
###
Article: Media playback is unsupported on your device
21 February 2015 Last updated at 13:18 GMT
Mo Farah was a big star of the London 2012 Olympic Games.
He started athletics aged 12 and went on to win two gold medals at London 2012.
Now he has his sights set on the next Olympic Games, Rio 2016.
He shared his tips for young athletes with Newsround.
Mo said: "Focus on yourself. You don't become a better athlete if you have one bad race."
"Keep working, listen to coach and believe in yourself," he added.

Summary:


The company has been in the Willis family for three generations, and has a £7.1m turnover last year.

A meat wholesaler has been fined £15,000 for having meat in its freezers which had passed its "use by" date, in some cases by several years.

Article: Officers targeted several addresses, "predominantly in the county of Conwy," police said.
Dyfed-Powys Police, the National Crime Agency and North Wales Police were all involved in the operation and armed officers assisted as a precaution.
The men were all arrested in Llandudno Junction and are in custody while investigations continue.

Summary: Five people have been arrested in a series of drug trafficking raids.
###
Article: Anglia Ruskin University, based in Chelmsford and Cambridge, will launch a masters degree in the subject in 2018.
Centre director Helen Marshall said the "current interest in alternative facts and George Orwell's 1984" made the subject "relevant".
It will also offer science fiction and fantasy modules for undergraduates.
The centre, which will be run within the university's English faculty, will officially open on Wednesday with 10 staff.
Dr Marshall said: "While these genres might be seen to look backwards to the distant past and forward to myriad potential futures.
"As Orwell himself says, 'He who controls the past controls the future.
"'He who controls the present controls the past'."
The centre has set up its own so-called "shadow jury" to critique the results of this year's for the Arthur C. Clarke Award, thought to be a first for a science fiction book prize
Judges will include the academic Dr Nick Hubble and author Nina Allan and they will each select their own shortlist from the award and nominate their favourite,
Dr Marshall said it was inspired by the shadow juries that have "worked wonders in enlivening the climate of debate around mainstream literary awards such as the Man Booker Prize".
She added it would "investigate issues surrounding the definitions of science fiction".

Summary: A centre dedicated to science fiction and fantasy - understood to be the first of its type in the UK - has been set up by a university.
###
Article: The provincial announcement comes amid fears that Toronto's red-hot real estate market is fuelled in part by foreign speculation.
British Columbia brought in a similar tax for Vancouver in 2016.
The new measure applies to non-Canadian citizens, non-permanent residents, and corporations buying residential properties containing up to six units.
Premier Kathleen Wynne announced the new speculation tax on Thursday as part of a series of measures to help stabilise the price for property and for rental units in and around Toronto.
She said the tax is aimed at "people looking only for a quick profit, not a place to call home".
The tax, which is effective immediately, is aimed at preventing foreign investors from driving up real estate costs.
It applies to property in the Greater Golden Horseshoe area - one of North America's fastest growing regions, comprised of the Greater Toronto Area and surrounding municipalities.
The average cost of a Toronto home jumped 33.2% over the past year, from an average of $688,000 (US$510,600/£398,000) in March of 2016 to $917,000 (US$680,000/£530,500) in March of 2017.
The average home price in Canada increased 8.2% over the same period.
Home ownership costs are at their highest level as a share of household income since 1990, according to RBC Economics.
Canada's central banker, Stephen Poloz, warned earlier this month that investor speculation is increasingly driving the cost of Toronto home prices.
The foreign buyer's tax in British Columbia appears to have helped bring that skyrocketing market under control.
Housing affordability has eased in metro Vancouver for the first time in over three years, says RBC Economics.
Sydney, Singapore, Switzerland, and Hong Kong have also introduced restrictions on foreign buyers.
Last October, the federal government closed a tax loophole used by foreign homebuyers and announced a more robust mortgage stress test on all new insured mortgages in an effort to cool the real estate markets in Toronto and Vancouver.

Summary: Canada's largest province is implementing a 15% foreign buyer's tax in Southern Ontario.
###
Article: Cwmbran-based Douglas Willis Ltd could not prove when the meat was frozen and admitted 12 offences of mislabelling.
Caerphilly Magistrates' Court heard the firm broke labelling laws by creating a risk that "hazardous" food could enter the food chain.
The case went ahead following a ruling from the Supreme Court.
The company, which supplies meat products to catering outlets, was told it had no case to answer in 2011 because it was judged that frozen meat did not pose a risk to public health.
But a clarification from the Supreme Court last summer ordered Thursday's retrial, ruling the prosecution did not have to prove the meat was a hazard - only that it was not labelled correctly.
Douglas Willis Ltd failed to record when meat was first frozen, and some was found to be several years past the "use by" date given to it when fresh, the court heard.
District Judge Richard Williams said the company was "not alleged to have acted intentionally, but it did".
The firm was fined a total of £15,000 for 12 offences and must pay £12,000 in costs.
The company, which has been in the Willis family for three generations, employs 41 people in Cwmbran, and had a £7.1m turnover last year.
In any similar cases in future where frozen meat has a use by date, trading standards officers will be able to prosecute regardless of whether the meat poses a safety risk.

Summary:


The game was a mixture of regional powers. By the middle of the previous century, most of the lowland areas, particularly in south Wales, were under English control, in the form of Anglo-Norman barons from the Marches and across Glamorganshire to Pembroke.

As the Welsh government publishes plans to reintroduce Welsh taxes for the first time since the 13th century, BBC News looks at what life was like in Wales last time there was direct Welsh taxation.

Article: Bids have been submitted by Abellio, Arriva, KeolisAmey and MTR for the next Wales and Borders franchise.
Ken Skates said the zero-growth forecast on passenger numbers in the current contract with Arriva Trains had been a "huge failure".
The new franchise will be awarded in early 2018.
Transport and Economy Secretary Mr Skates was giving evidence to the Welsh Affairs Committee's inquiry into the franchise on Monday.
The AM for Clwyd South said lessons could be learnt from the current franchise, with passengers concerned about poor quality trains and a lack of capacity.
The Welsh Government is committed to paying Arriva Trains Wales (ATW) a subsidy of Â£170m a year under the terms of a 15-year deal signed in 2003.
He said talks between the Welsh Government and the Department for Transport had been constructive, but that historic under-funding needed to be addressed.
Iwan Prys Jones, of the North Wales Economic Ambition Board, told the committee it felt like the network was "a long way down the shopping list" for improvements.
Meanwhile, chair of the North Wales Business Council, Ashley Rogers, said investment could lead to the creation of 70,000 jobs.
The four bids are being assessed by Transport for Wales (TfW), a Welsh Government-owned company, as part of what ministers said would be an "ambitious and creative not-for-profit model".
The successful bidder will also be responsible for delivering a major upgrade to the rail network in and around Cardiff as part of the Metro scheme.

Summary: The deal to determine who runs train services in Wales is a "once in a generation opportunity" for passengers, the Welsh transport secretary has said.
###
Article: Brad Carver told the Washington Post voters "tired of left-wing extremism" will pick Republican Karen Handel.
Democrat Jon Ossoff and Ms Handel are running for a House seat vacated by US health secretary Tom Price.
Five people were injured last week when a gunman opened fire at a Republican baseball practice.
House Majority Whip Steve Scalise was among those hurt and remains in a critical condition.
The suspect, identified as James T Hodgkinson, allegedly opened fire on Republican lawmakers as they practised for an annual congressional charity baseball game.
It emerged that Mr Hodgkinson, who died of his injuries following a gunfight with police, was a volunteer for Senator Bernie Sanders' presidential campaign and promoted anti-Republican rhetoric on social media.
Mr Carver, the Republican Party chairman in Georgia's 11th Congressional District, told the Post "the shooting is going to win this election for us".
He went on: "Moderates and independents in this district are tired of left-wing extremism. I get that there's extremists on both sides, but we are not seeing them."
The much-anticipated election in the Atlanta suburban district between Ms Handel and Mr Ossoff is seen as a test of President Donald Trump popularity.
The showdown is also considered the most expensive US House of Representatives race in the nation's history.
Mr Carver praised Mr Ossoff for running a "brilliant campaign", but contended the baseball shooting would tip the outcome in Republican favour.
"We're seeing absolute resistance to everything this president does," he added.
"Moderates and independents out there want to give him a chance. Democrats have never given this president a chance."
His comments came as a Republican group released an advertisement attempting to link the congressional shooting to Mr Ossoff's Democratic campaign.
The television spot, produced by the Principled PAC, showed an image of Mr Scalise on a stretcher after the attack.
"The unhinged left is endorsing and applauding shooting Republicans," a narrator is...

Summary: A Georgia Republican official has said the shooting at a Virginia baseball field will lead to the party's victory in a state special election.
###
Article: "We could've put it in the [last-gen version] but we were too busy making the game," said Rob Nelson, Rockstar Games' animation director, in an interview with IGN.
"It's a very intense, in-your-face experienceâ€¦ literally."
GTA 5 arrives on PlayStation 4 and Xbox One on 18 November.
Nelson said he wanted gamers to experience the world from a different perspective.
"You're eye-level, down with the people on the street, and as you walk past them, you see them sort of look at you out of the corner of their eye. All of this stuff existed in the game before - lots of little details."
It's something the team says it had tried to achieve before, but wasn't able to on the older generation of consoles.
"We were constantly fighting about what we could have and what we could still push in, and what other areas you could steal memory back from - audio, art, maps - for animation.
"We weren't sure the world would have held up the way we would've wanted it to."
But changing the game in to a first-person perspective required a lot of work, with Rockstar saying it had to adapt GTA 5 extensively.
"You have to change pretty much everything," said Nelson.
"I mean, if you want to do it right. We have a very solid third-person animation system, but you don't just put the camera down there and expect to see the guns, aim, and shoot.
"All those animations are new when you switch to first-person, because it all has to be animated to the camera, to make it feel like a proper first-person experience that I think people would expect. All the timings have to be re-evaluated."
Follow @BBCNewsbeat on Twitter and Radio1Newsbeat on YouTube

Summary: The makers of Grand Theft Auto 5 have confirmed the game will be getting a first-person perspective mode when it's released later this month.
###
Article: Wales in the 13th Century was a mixture of regional powers. By the middle of the previous century, most of the lowland areas, particularly in south Wales, were under English control, in the form of Anglo-Norman barons from the Marches and across Glamorganshire to Pembroke.
Gwynedd and the north-west of Wales remained largely independent. Welsh princes acknowledged the ruler Llywelyn the Great and his successor Llywelyn ap Gruffudd as the overarching Prince of Wales. But as the century wore away, and Edward I of England came to power, the balance of power changed as Llywelyn refused to pay tribute to Edward.
In 1276 Edward I led an invasion into Gwynedd and forced Llywelyn into the very top corner of the country, and set about his castle-building programme. An uprising in 1282 led to renewed fighting, and saw the death of Llywelyn. By the following year it was over, and English domination over Wales was entrenched. Edward's son, the future Edward II, was created Prince of Wales.
At the start of the 1200s, Welsh was the language of the common people.
It was how people did business, conducted family life and worshipped. By the end of the century, daily business was increasingly done in English.
English settlers were encouraged to move to Wales by free land grants and the imposition of English law.
As the settlers moved into the more fruitful lowlands, Welsh speakers were increasingly pushed to the higher ground, although there was crossover between the two.
One of the main changes through the course of the 13th Century was the difference in the way people paid for things.
According to Dr Mark Redknap, head of collections and research in the history department at the Museum of Welsh Life, the old system of "render" was starting to change.
"It's fair to say that from about the end of the 13th Century the Welsh were more familiar with using money than they had been a century earlier," he said.
"You had an increasing use of coinage whereas there is very much a barter economy with the pre-Norman period, and payment...

Summary:


The Brewers are now in the top 10 in the league in the League One, with a record of 16.7 million visitors.
The Brewers are now in the top 10 in the league in the League One, with a record of 16.7 million visitors.
The Brewers are now in the top 10 in the

Boss Nigel Clough has admitted playing in England's second tier for the first time in Burton Albion's history is "daunting", but says they will embrace the challenge of being underdogs.

Article: The Global Destinations Cities Index revealed the city is expected to receive 18.7 million visitors in 2014, equating to about Â£11bn being spent.
London mayor Boris Johnson said the city perfectly combined history, heritage, arts and culture.
Bangkok was the second most popular city with 16.4 million visitors predicted for 2014.
Using information on the total number of international arrivals and spending from overnight visitors, Mastercard found that 67% of London's international visitors come from other European cities, although the city's top "feeder" was New York.
Paris, which was the third most popular city destination, also had New York as its biggest feeder city. The majority of its visitors, 53%, were from outside of Europe.
Marion King, President at MasterCard UK, said: "As London retains its top spot for both visitor spending and international visitors, there is a huge opportunity for retailers."
Mayor of London Boris Johnson said: "With nearly nineteen million visitors this year London is the world's favourite place to visit.
"Our city perfectly combines history, heritage, arts and culture, not to mention vast amounts of green space and major events that are the envy of the planet."
It is the third time in four years that London has topped the list, missing out to Bangkok last year.
However, this year London saw an 8% growth in visitors, while Bangkok saw an 11% decline, dropping from 18.5 million visitors to a predicted 16.4 million in 2014.
Earlier this year the Office for National Statistics (ONS) released data which showed that London had 16.8 million visitors in 2013 which was the highest recorded number of overseas visitors since records began in 1961.
At the time, Mayor of London Boris Johnson, said the capital's diversity and "outstanding mix of culture, art, music and sport" was key to its success.
The MasterCard index ranks cities on the number of their total international visitor arrivals and the cross-border spending by those visitors, incorporating visitor and passenger growth...

Summary: London has topped a list of the most popular global city destinations, according to a credit card company.
###
Article: It follows the publication of letters between the boss of Cluff Natural Resources and Scottish ministers.
They show that the day after a ban on unconventional oil and gas was announced, Cluff warned that plans to invest more than Â£250m were at risk.
WWF Scotland said plans to burn coal under the sea should be a non-starter.
No-one at Cluff Natural Resources was available for comment on the letters.
In the communications from January this year, Algy Cluff, the comany's founder, said he wanted assurances from ministers that the ban on unconventional oil and gas - often referred to as fracking - would not apply to underground coal gasification (UCG).
The UCG process attempt to reach reserves of coal which are inaccessible to mine, in this case under the waters of the Forth estuary.
It involves chemically converting the coal from a solid state into gas by pumping oxygen and steam through a small borehole into the coal seam.
Environmental campaigners have said UCG should be included in the fracking moratorium.
Mr Cluff's letter has been released following a freedom of information request from anti-fracking campaigners.
It has been published by The Ferret, an investigative journalism website, along with the reply sent by Alex Neil MSP, the Cabinet secretary responsible for planning.
In his response, Mr Neil gave Mr Cluff an assurance the moratorium was "specifically about the onshore exploration, appraisal, and production of coal bed methane and shale oil and gas."
He added: "The moratorium does not apply to the offshore underground gasification of coal."
Powers to licence onshore unconventional oil and gas developments are being devolved to the Scottish government. But UCG licences will continue to be issued by the Coal Authority.
A Scottish government spokeswoman said: "The development of new energy technologies, such as underground coal gasification, must be consistent with our environmental objectives and we will continue to take a careful, evidence-based approach to such developments."
Meanwhile, the SNP MP...

Summary: Environmentalists have accused the firm behind plans to use coal seams beneath the Forth to produce gas of "attempting to hold Scotland to ransom".
###
Article: Peter Humphrey and his wife Yu Ying Zeng, an American national, are charged with illegally obtaining private information, Xinhua news agency said.
The pair were arrested in August 2013.
Mr Humphrey's company, ChinaWhys, was hired by GlaxoSmithKline China, which is embroiled in controversy over alleged systematic bribery of doctors.
Prosecutors say the couple "illegally trafficked a huge amount of personal information on Chinese citizens" for profit, Xinhua reported.
They obtained this information by "secret photography, infiltration or tailing after someone", it said.
"Based on the information, the couple compiled so-called 'reports' and sold them at high prices to their clients, most of which are China-based multinational corporations, including GSK China," it said.
Local courts "will hold [a] hearing about the case soon", the agency added.
•December 2012 - Vivian Shi Wen dismissed from GSK
•January 2013 - Email sent to GSK boss alleging bribery, with sex tape featuring China chief Mark Reilly attached
•April 2013 - Peter Humphrey hired to investigate
•July 2013 - Police detain four GSK employees
•Mr Humphrey and his wife arrested for allegedly buying and selling personal information - no link made with GSK case
•May 2014 -  Chinese authorities accuse Mr Reilly of overseeing bribery network
•July 2014 - China says Peter Humphrey and wife will be tried in secret
In a statement earlier this month, GSK said that its China operation hired ChinaWhys in April 2013 "to conduct an investigation following a serious breach of privacy and security related to the company's China general manager".
This is understood to relate to a sex tape said to have shown the general manager, Mark Reilly, who said the footage was filmed without his knowledge or consent.
The video was sent to GSK's London-based CEO Andrew Witty with an email accusing Mr Reilly of being behind systematic corruption in the company's China operation.
GSK suspected a former senior staff member, Vivian Shi Wen, who was dismissed at the end of 2012, had sent...

Summary: Chinese prosecutors have formally filed charges against a British man and his wife linked to the GlaxoSmithKline bribery claims, state media say.
###
Article: The Brewers - a non-league club until the 2009-10 season - finished second in League One this term to clinch promotion to the Championship.
Clough told BBC Radio Derby: "It is frightening, but exciting as well.
"We will be underdogs in every game we play and favourites for relegation."
Clough, who returned for a second spell in charge in December, first managed Burton in the sixth tier of English football in 1998.
He said the size of the club, and town, meant surviving against teams like Newcastle, Aston Villa and Nottingham Forest would be incredibly tough.
"We have to find people who will want to prove people wrong," the 50-year-old added.
"It will be daunting but we will have to use everything we have used in League One to play like the underdog and try to attract characters that will embrace the sort of season it will be here.
"To come from crowds of 500 or 600 around 17 years ago, and to grow that ten-fold is remarkable in itself. It's not the biggest town - maybe about 70,000.
"This is a much more local fanbase and that makes it nice as well. Fans will get to experience Championship football, something they never ever dreamed of."
You can hear a full interview with Burton Albion manager Nigel Clough by clicking this link.

Summary:


The duke has been in the UK for more than two years, and has been in the UK for more than two years.
The duke has said he could return to his regiment in London, the Household Cavalry's Blues and Royals, which would allow him to carry out more royal engagements in support of The

The Duke of Cambridge has completed his final shift as an RAF search and rescue pilot at Valley on Anglesey, according to BBC royal correspondent Peter Hunt.

Article: The allegations stem from an undercover report on the TV show Le Iene, in which an anonymous employee explained how tickets made their way onto such sites.
The MD of Live Nation Italy, Roberto De Luca, then admitted to the practice.
He said "a very limited number" of tickets were sold in this manner.
De Luca initially denied the reports but, when interviewed by journalist Matteo Viviani, retracted that statement.
"I want to be clear that, to your question if Live Nation issued tickets on secondary sites and I answered no… In fact we issue some tickets, a very limited number of tickets on other sites, in this case Viagogo.
"But I must make clear that Live Nation sells around two million tickets every year and the tickets that we issue on the secondary sites are equal to 0.20% of our tickets sales. We are not talking about tens of thousands of tickets, but hundreds of tickets for a concert."
The investigation was prompted by a Coldplay concert in Milan, where hundreds of tickets appeared on secondary sites within minutes of going on sale, often at inflated prices. The band were not implicated in the report, however.
Viviani stated that the show had tracked the journey of a ticket for a separate gig as its price increased from 50 euro (£43) to 1,050 euro (£911), using testimony from an employee of one of the companies and various documents, invoices and contracts obtained via an anonymous source.
Since the programme was broadcast last week, several Italian artists have cut ties with Live Nation.
Management firm Giamaica, which looks after one of Italy's most famous artists, Vasco Rossi, said it had "suspended all trading relations with Live Nation" and may consider legal action against the company.
Italian consumer organisation Codacons has also submitted a complaint to the public prosecutor of Milan against Live Nation Italy.
Politicians have also tabled an amendment to Italy's budget law, which would curb the activities of secondary ticketing websites.
Culture minister Dario Franceschini said in a statement...

Summary: Calls have been made for the secondary ticketing market to be curtailed in Italy, after concert promoters Live Nation admitted giving tickets directly to the resale website Viagogo.
###
Article: Gross domestic product expanded at an annualised rate of 4% in the April-to-June period, government data showed, beating expectations for a 2.5% rise.
The economy grew 1% compared to the previous quarter.
Japan is enjoying its longest economic expansion in a decade, buoyed by spending and investment.
The world's third-largest economy has been gaining strength thanks to rising exports, including smart phones and memory chips.
Investment tied to the Tokyo 2020 Olympics has also given Japan's economy a boost in recent months.
Strong domestic demand helped to offset a drop in exports during the second quarter of the year.
Is this a triumph for Abenomics? Well up to a point.  Certainly, the growth in consumer spending and business investment is welcome.   Nonetheless while six consecutive quarters of growth may be Japan's best run in a decade, it is not that impressive compared with other developed economies.
Abenomics is at best unfinished business.  At 0.4% inflation is still well below the Bank of Japan's 2% target.  And there is the demographic challenge, Japan's rapidly ageing population and declining workforce.
There are reform plans in the Abenomics agenda, intended to encourage more people to get in to the labour market. Japan needs that to work.
Japan has been trying to lift consumer spending, which accounts for more than a half of the country's GDP.
The latest figures could be a help to Prime Minister Shinzo Abe who pledged to reignite growth and spending through his Abenomics reforms.
Mr Abe has seen his popularity sink recently over a series of scandals including claims he exploited his political power to help a friend.
Falling prices
Japan has battled years of deflation, or falling prices, and slow growth following an equity and property market bubble in the early 1990s.
The Abenomics programme, a mix of monetary easing, government spending and structural reforms, was designed to reignite the once-booming economy and lift consumer prices.
Falling prices can discourage spending by consumers, who might...

Summary: Japan's economy grew at its fastest pace for more than two years in the second quarter as consumer spending and capital expenditure ramped up.
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Article: Mutations in BRCA genes can give women up to an 80% chance of developing breast cancer.
A trial involving 1,034 Ashkenazi Jews, who are at high risk, suggested more than half of their cases were not being picked up under the current NHS guidelines.
The Eve Appeal charity said wider testing would save lives and money.
Mutations in BRCA genes stop DNA repairing itself and increase the risk of cancer developing.
As well as breast cancer, they are also linked to ovarian and prostate cancers.
Around one in 800 people carry a BRCA mutation. But in the Ashkenazi Jewish population the figure reaches one in 40.
The research team, based at University College London and the University of Manchester, compared the effectiveness of screening all Ashkenazi Jews with just screening those who were identified as being at risk because of their family history.
They showed that 56% of those carrying a mutation would not have had a test for BRCA based on family history alone.
The findings, published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, show extra screening could save lives and money.
There are an estimated 114,400 Ashkenazi Jewish women in the UK.
A separate analysis showed screening all of them over the age of 30 would lead to "a reduction in ovarian cancer and breast cancer by 276 and 508 cases, respectively, at a discounted cost savings of Â£3.7m."
Prof Ian Jacobs, one of the researchers at the University of Manchester, said: "For the Ashkenazi Jewish community specifically, this suggests that population testing for BRCA1/2 mutations could save lives."
He told the BBC: "This can save lives and money, why wouldn't the NHS want to do something that could achieve both objectives.
"But the NHS does need to do its own proper evaluation."
The cost of this kind of screening, both for BRCA and other risk genes, is plummeting.
The NHS will eventually have to deal with questions about screening the whole population.
"No-one is suggesting we test the entire UK population for BRCA right now," Prof Ian Jacobs told the BBC.
He...

Summary: More people in high risk groups should have their DNA tested for breast cancer risk genes, a cancer charity says.
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Article: Prince William's last shift was thought to have been on Tuesday.
It has been reported he could return to his regiment in London, the Household Cavalry's Blues and Royals, which would allow him to carry out more royal engagements in support of The Queen.
The duke has said the island has been a "special place" for him.
His final shift brought to an end a three-year posting on Anglesey.
In a speech at Anglesey Show in August, the duke thanked the island's people for being so welcoming to him and his wife.
"I know that I speak for Catherine when I say that I have never in my life known somewhere as beautiful and as welcoming as Anglesey," said the duke.
"I know that both of us will miss it terribly when my search and rescue tour of duty comes to an end next month and we have to move elsewhere.
"From the bottom of my heart, thank you for making my wife and me so welcome when we arrived here, as you do thousands of visitors each year."
He said the island had been their first home together and would always be an "immensely special place for us both".
"Catherine and I look forward to returning again and again over the coming years with our family," he added.
The duke graduated as a search and rescue pilot in September 2010, having started his training at Valley the previous January.
He carried out his first rescue in October 2010 during his first full operational shift.
The BBC's royal correspondent Peter Hunt tweeted that Prince William's last shift at RAF Valley was on Tuesday.
He also tweeted that it was not yet in the public domain what the duke was going to do next.

Summary:


The US Air Force has been investigating the crash of a Russian plane that crashed in Egypt on Saturday.
The US Air Force has been investigating the crash of a Russian plane that crashed in Egypt on Saturday.
The US Air Force has been investigating the crash of a Russian plane that crashed in Egypt on Saturday.
The

Former world number one Tiger Woods says he is getting "professional help" to manage medication for pain and sleep loss as he tries to return to fitness.

Article: Six former employees at Leeds and Partners, set up to bring investment to the city, have lodged formal grievances against chief executive Lurene Joseph.
Unison said an inquiry should be held to investigate the management and leadership of the company.
Leeds and Partners said it could not comment while an investigation was taking place.
The statement of grievance accuses Ms Joseph, who has been in post since May 2012, of systematic and sustained bullying, victimisation and misuse of power.
Another nine former employees have written supportive statements.
Dean Harper, area organiser for Unison, said: "We would ask now the complaints have been received that the employer looks at commissioning an independent inquiry into the management and leadership of Leeds and Partners because they are of a serious nature these allegations."
Leeds City Council, the company's main funder, confirmed the grievance had been submitted.
A spokesman said the authority took all grievances very seriously and the matter would be dealt with through the proper procedures.

Summary: An independent inquiry should be held into claims of bullying against a company boss, a union has said.
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Article: In his first public comments on the Ukrainian crisis, Mr Putin said on Tuesday that Moscow reserved the right to act to protect Russian citizens and speakers anywhere in Ukraine, but added that military action was "a last resort".
Ukrainian newspapers say that the threat of war has been averted, but warn that Russia may now attempt a plan of "creeping federalisation" to split the country.
Most of the major Russian dailies adopt a staunch pro-government stance, praising President Putin as a "man in control" who has clearly outlined his "negotiating positions" to the West and Ukraine.
Russian pundits dwell not so much on the messages relayed by Mr Putin but rather on the political and personal qualities that they feel he displayed during the news conference.
Izvestiya daily notes that the president was "calm and confident" and "clearly answered all questions" asked by journalists.
"By not going to war, Putin proved himself as a statesman, not just as a tactician," says an editorial in Vedomosti, adding that a crisis in relations with a neighbour "is a maturity test for every head of state".
Writing in Moskovskiy Komsomolets, Mikhail Rostovsky says that "having faced such a heavy flow of threats from almost all Western leaders" Mr Putin did not look like a "frightened politician" but behaved like it was "water off a duck's back".
"Vladimir Putin communicated indirectly with his G8 colleaguesâ€¦ and defined his negotiating positions," says the article.
"The president feels the master of the situation," exclaims Nikolai Petrov in Nezavisimaya Gazeta. He argues that Mr Putin's position is "strengthened by the fact that the new Ukrainian authorities are not in control of Eastern Ukraineâ€¦ and also by the fact that the West cannot quickly provide the money that Kiev desperately needs". That is why "with each passing day Kiev is pushed towards making concessions to Putin," concludes the pundit.
"Putin made his move. It's the turn of Ukraine and the West to respond," another political analyst, Igor Bunin, tells...

Summary: The press in both Russia and Ukraine interpret President Vladimir Putin's press conference as a new approach by the Kremlin in dealing with its neighbour.
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Article: Egypt says its experts will be joined by teams from Russia and also the Republic of Ireland, where the Airbus 321 was registered.
It crashed over the Sinai peninsula, killing all 224 people on board.
Egypt dismissed as "propaganda" claims that militants linked to Islamic State (IS) brought down the aircraft.
President Abdul Fattah al-Sisi told the BBC that it was too early to say what had caused the crash.
The aircraft - flying from Sharm el-Sheikh to St Petersburg - is thought to have broken up in mid-air.
On Monday, Russia's Kogalymavia airline blamed "external influence" for the crash of its plane. But the head of Russia's aviation agency said such talk was premature and "not based on any proper facts".
Meanwhile, Russia's Interfax news agency on Tuesday quoted a source as saying the plane's cabin crew had not had any information about faults before the moment of crash.
"According to the recording of the conversations between the cabin crew and flight operations officers, the situation onboard four minutes before the aircraft disappeared from the radars was normal, the crew had regular conversations with flight operations officers," the source said.
"Nothing indicated any faults onboard. The crew did not report on them either," the source added.
Egypt's Civil Aviation Minister Hossam Kamal said the investigators would conclude their last field inspection at the crash site by the end of Tuesday and start working on the two flight recorders.
Mr Kamal was quoted by the Associated Press news agency as saying that it "will take some time" to produce the final report and that the joint investigative committee "has all the tools and experts to deal with the investigation".
The experts hope the examination of the recorded onboard conversations as well as flight data will help provide clues as to what caused the crash.
During the BBC interview, President Sisi warned against jumping to conclusions. "When there is propaganda that it crashed because of Isis [IS], this is one way to damage the stability and security of...

Summary: Investigators are due to start examining flight recorders retrieved from the wreckage of a Russian plane that crashed in Egypt on Saturday.
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Article: Woods, 41, is recovering from a fourth back operation since April 2014.
The American 14-time major winner was breathalysed in Florida in May after being arrested on suspicion of driving under the influence.
He denied alcohol was involved and said it was down to "an unexpected reaction to prescribed medication".
In a statement released on social media, Woods said: "I'm currently receiving professional help to manage my medications and the ways that I deal with back pain and a sleep disorder.
"I want to thank everyone for the amazing outpouring of support and understanding, especially the fans and players on tour."
Woods has not won a tournament anywhere since 2013, while his title drought in major championships dates back to 2008.
Last December, he came back after 15 months out injured but has not played since his back problems recurred in February.
A month ago, he wrote that his latest surgery had relieved pain and that he had not "felt this good in years".
Four days later he was arrested on the driving charge, which he is due to answer in court in Palm Beach County on 9 August.

Summary:


A seal wardens on the National Trust (NT) reserve at Blakeney Point have recorded 180 more grey seal pups compared to this time last year.
Coastal ranger Ajay Tegala said the location is a "fantastic" breeding site as "human disturbance is minimal."
Mr Tegala

More than 900 seal pups have been born on a north Norfolk nature reserve in the last three weeks giving experts hopes of another record breaking year.

Article: Colin Hough, of Shrewsbury, volunteered to spend time in the box, in a 24-hour Tesco supermarket, to raise money for children's charity Cauldwell Children.
He went into the box at midday on Thursday and came out at 14:00 BST on Saturday.
He said the toughest part had been the nights, with lights on in the shop and people shopping around him.
Former bus driver Mr Hough volunteered for the challenge after reading about the charity's Locked in for Autism campaign. The box in the supermarket measures 3m by 2m.
"The store staff have been so supportive, tapping on the glass to see if I'm okay," he said.
"I was a bit nervous going into it but I thought, it's for a really good cause, and it's actually opened up my eyes to what children with autism go through.
"One little girl gave me a card she had made, thanking me for what I'm doing, that made me feel very proud."
Mr Hough can be supported through his Just Giving page.

Summary: An 81-year-old man has completed a challenge to spend 50 hours locked inside a perspex box.
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Article: Video assistant referees will review "match-changing" situations before informing the on-field official.
The referee will then be able to view footage for some decisions - something not permitted in previous trials.
Fifa's chief of technical development Marco van Basten said the move "represents a big step forward".
Video assistant referees have been able to assist officials during two international friendlies this year but the Club World Cup represents their first use in Fifa competition.
Previous usage has been in what Fifa call a "semi-live" scenario, where the referee was not able to review decisions on a pitchside monitor.
Under the live system, on-field referees will still make the final decision in the process but it is hoped video assistant referees will be able to correct clear mistakes in serious incidents.
"Ultimately, these tests should prove invaluable in terms of determining whether the processes are sound or whether any further refinements are needed," added Van Basten, a former Netherlands international striker.
"At the same time it's important to remember that we are entering somewhat unchartered territory here, given that we are going live for the first time."
Fifa intend conducting further live trials in several countries next year.
The Club World Cup, which features champion club sides from each of Fifa's six continental confederations, plus the domestic champions from the host nation, begins in Yokohama with Kashima Antlers taking on Auckland City. Europe's representatives Real Madrid play their first fixture on 15 December.
Barcelona won the 2015 tournament, beating Argentina's River Plate 3-0 in the final.

Summary: Referees will be able to use a pitch-side monitor for the first time to review decisions when the Club World Cup begins in Japan on Thursday.
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Article: A member of the public had spotted the bird in Maryculter and took it to the Scottish SPCA rescue centre in Drumoak, where the name Decker was chosen.
Local bus operator First Aberdeen has now stepped in to sponsor the bird's care.
It has also presented the white cockerel with its own personalised bus pass.

Summary: A cockerel found at a bus stop in an Aberdeen suburb has been given its own pass.
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Article: Seal wardens on the National Trust (NT) reserve at Blakeney Point have recorded 180 more grey seal pups compared to this time last year.
Coastal ranger Ajay Tegala said the location is a "fantastic" breeding site as "human disturbance is minimal."
Mr Tegala predicts up to 1,800 pups could be born by the end of February.
"The seals like Blakeney Point as it has beaches and dunes which are safe and easy places to have a pup with no predators," he said.
Last year, 1,566 pups were counted during the four month breeding season at Blakeney Point, a split of shingle and sand jutting out into the North Sea.
Seals have been breeding on the site since about 2001, when just 25 were recorded.
Pup numbers reached over 1,000 for the first time during the 2012-13 breeding season, with newborns now increasing by about 25% year-on-year.
Blakeney has become well known for its seals with thousands of tourist taking boat trips to see the colonies each year.
Mr Tegala said: "We do a pup count twice a week and comparing this year to last year we're almost 200 ahead so it looks like the number will continue to increase and another record-breaking year is on the cards."
Source: BBC Nature
Visitors have been flocking to the north Norfolk coast to see the seals, prompting the NT to warn people to keep their distance and keep all dogs on leads.

Summary:


The painting was commissioned by Royal Northern Sinfonia, which wants to challenge the Austrian's "chocolate box" portrayal, ahead its new season.
"Somehow we've come to think of his music as pretty," said the orchestra's music director Lars Vogt.
"But that music is often dramatic and

A new portrait of Mozart imagines the composer as a "daring" and "edgy" musician in the mould of Johnny Rotten.

Article: He takes over from Sam Allardyce who left in September after just 67 days in charge of the team.
When Allardyce left, Southgate stepped up from his role as the England Under-21s boss to look after the senior team for four games.
He oversaw two wins and two draws and has now signed a contract, reportedly for four years.
"I have thoroughly enjoyed working with the players over these past four games and I think there is huge potential," said Southgate.
During his career playing football Gareth Southgate made 57 appearances for England.

Summary: Gareth Southgate has been confirmed as the new manager for the England football team.
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Article: In its filing, the company said it was seeking to raise $1bn (Â£589m). But that figure is seen just as an estimate to calculate various fees.
Analysts expect it to raise more than $15bn and top Facebook's share sale.
Alibaba did not disclose details of the number of shares it intends to sell or their price range.
It also did not reveal which US exchange - the Nasdaq or New York Stock Exchange - it is looking to list its shares on.
Founded 15 years ago by Jack Ma, the firm has been a dominant force in e-commerce in China and is now the biggest online retailer in the country.
While it has been a key player in the sector for many years, its filing gave investors the first glimpse at the firm's finances.
The firm generated revenues of 40.5bn yuan ($6.5bn; Â£3.8bn) in the nine months to the end of December 2013, making a net profit of $2.9bn.
The documents reveal that last year, the value of all merchandise sold on Alibaba's various platforms was $248bn, with more than 11.3 billion orders placed.
The total value of merchandise sold on its platforms last year was more than that sold on Amazon and eBay combined.
In a nod to the importance of smartphones, the firm said it was responsible for 72% of mobile commerce in China.
That is important as Alibaba has been locked in competition recently with rival Tencent - China's largest internet firm - to attract mobile shoppers.
Analysts said there was likely to be keen interest in the share sale as investors hope the firm will be able to replicate its success in China on a global scale.
"If it is able to transport that kind of power to outside China, it has the potential to become a true global e-commerce powerhouse," said Roger Entner, lead analyst and founder of Recon Analytics.
Among the major shareholders set to benefit from the listing are US technology giant Yahoo and Japan's Softbank.
Yahoo owns a 22.6% stake in the firm, while Softbank owns 34% of the company.
Yahoo had paid $1bn for a 40% stake in Alibaba in 2005.
It sold half of that stake back to Alibaba in May...

Summary: Chinese internet giant Alibaba has filed documents for a public share sale in the US, which is widely expected to be one of the biggest in history.
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Article: The 1983 manifesto was written at a time of economic turmoil, mass unemployment and Cold War tensions and is arguably more ambitious in its scope. It is certainly framed in more forceful language.
"Within days of taking office, Labour will begin to implement an emergency programme of action, to bring about a complete change of direction for Britain," it says.
"Our priority will be to create jobs and give a new urgency to the struggle for peace. In many cases we will be able to act immediately."
They are very different documents in many ways, written to reflect the concerns of their respective times.
Jeremy Corbyn's draft manifesto uses a more measured tone, talking about "delivering a fairer, more prosperous society for the many, not just the few".
There is no mention of socialism, in contrast to the nine mentions it gets in 1983.
But at the 2017 manifesto's heart is the same commitment to using government intervention and public money to boost industrial development and create jobs.
In 1983, Labour leader Michael Foot had a five year "emergency programme" to rebuild industry and end mass unemployment. In 2017, Jeremy Corbyn proposes a "a ten-year national investment plan to upgrade Britain's economy".
Both manifestos propose higher taxes on the rich and a crack down on tax avoidance.
In 1983, Labour said: "We shall reform taxation so that the rich pay their full share and the tax burden on the lower paid is reduced."
In 2017, Labour says "only the highest 5% of earners will be asked to contribute more in tax to help fund our public services".
The 1983 manifesto goes further, proposing "a new annual tax on net personal wealth" to "ensure that the richest 100,000 of the population make a fair and proper contribution to tax revenue".
Both manifestos include plans for a National Investment Bank to boost industrial development and support research and development.
The 2017 version would allow the government to use public money to support long-term, higher-risk investment that the bank's are reluctant to...

Summary: Labour's draft general election manifesto has been compared by some with the party's 1983 manifesto - how do the two documents measure up?
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Article: The oil painting was commissioned by Royal Northern Sinfonia, which wants to challenge the Austrian's "chocolate box" portrayal, ahead its new season.
"Somehow we've come to think of his music as pretty," said the orchestra's music director Lars Vogt.
"But that music is often dramatic and dark. Those qualities must have been there in the man."
The portrait was painted by renowned American artist Tim O'Brien, and will be projected onto buildings around the orchestra's home towns of Newcastle and Gateshead over the coming months.
Regarded as one of the greatest composers of all time, Mozart wrote more than 600 works, including some of the most celebrated and enduring pieces of classical music, before he died at the age of 35.
Only 14 images of the composer are known to have been created during his lifetime, but many are stylised or incomplete.
The best physical description came from baritone Luigi Bassi, for whom Mozart had written the role of Don Giovanni.
"Mr Mozart was an extremely eccentric and absent-minded young man, but not without a certain spirit of pride," he said. "He was very popular with the ladies, in spite of his small size; but he had a most unusual face, and he could cast a spell on any woman with his eyes."
Describing the existing portraits as "cosy and pretty", O'Brien explained the thinking behind his new painting.
"I know of few musicians of real depth where you can't see some of that complexity in the face.  So to find the Mozart who was obsessively driven, who pushed boundaries and who lived in a world where harsh poverty and crime were a very real facts, I looked at musicians from our own era to provide some inspiration.
"Photos of Johnny Cash and Eric Clapton suggested both obsession and some kind of danger. Johnny Rotten provided a certain precocious brilliance, and I related to those for Mozart."
O'Brien previously made headlines by creating a portrait of Beethoven for the cover of Gramophone magazine, which was inspired by U2 singer Bono.
The portrait accompanies the Northern...

Summary: