DNA matching two men accused of throwing acid at the face of a Scottish Sun journalist was found on items at the scene, a court has heard.

Article: Hundreds of record highs are expected to fall on Christmas Eve and Christmas Day across eastern parts of the US and Canada, with temperatures forecast as high as 77F (25C) in Georgia, 75F further north in Washington, and 15C (59F) in Toronto.
While the East enjoys spring-like warmth, forecasters predict heavy snow across the West while tornadoes have been reported as a storm system crosses parts of the South.
In a reversal of a traditional Christmas, forecasters expect temperatures in New York to be several degrees higher than in Los Angeles.
70F (21C)
Forecasted temperature for Christmas Eve in New York
75F (24C) Forecast for Washington on Christmas Eve
69F Previous daily record (1933)
59F (15C) Forecast for Portland, Maine on Christmas Eve
53F Previous daily record (1957)
Bruce Bombara, a construction worker who was wearing a t-shirt outside Penn Station in Manhattan, told the BBC that he was freezing this time last year. "I think it's great that there's no snow - I love it. It lingers too long. I'll take the rain over snow any day."
"Oh God this time last year I remember it was cold and dry," said Lillian White as she waited for a cab. "No, I don't miss the snow. I don't miss the inconvenience of it - especially from last year. I do miss the snowflakes though."
But for Montana Cole, a student originally from Chicago who was wearing a sweatshirt and shorts, the unseasonable weather in New York felt all wrong.
"I think snow is a lot better than this rain. I grew up with seeing snow at this time of the year. Right now it doesn't really feel like Christmas."
And it's not just the holiday week that's been warmer than usual - it's been an unseasonably warm month across North America.
More than 2,500 record daily highs and 30 monthly records have already been tied or broken across the US after a wave of extremely warm temperatures earlier in December.
In Washington, the iconic spring cherry blossoms have begun blooming again, while in Buffalo, in upstate New York, the first measurable snowfall arrived very late...

Summary: In the movies, New York is always cold and covered in snow at Christmas - but this season it's an unseasonably warm and wet wonderland.
###
Article: The jury concluded the 96 fans who died as a result of a crush at the Liverpool v Nottingham FA Cup semi-final on 15 April 1989 were unlawfully killed.
They found that a number of failures including errors from South Yorkshire Police, the South Yorkshire Ambulance Service and defects in the stadium contributed to the deaths.
What happens next for those involved in the UK's worst sporting disaster?
Two criminal investigations have been taking place during the Hillsborough inquests.
Operation Resolve and the Independent Police Complaints Commission (IPCC) launched inquiries after the publication of the Hillsborough Independent Panel's (HIP) report in 2012.
It raised questions about the policing of Hillsborough and presented evidence of a cover-up to shift blame on to Liverpool fans.
Operation Resolve is investigating the causes of the disaster including the events on the day and those leading up to it.
It is looking at a range of organisations and bodies involved in the preparation and planning of the match.
The IPCC is looking into police actions in the aftermath of the Hillsborough disaster.
It is considering offences including perverting the course of justice, perjury, and misconduct in a public office.
Operation Resolve's areas of investigation include:
It is also examining the actions of South Yorkshire Police, but this is being carried out by the IPCC to provide "oversight and scrutiny" to "ensure independence".
On Operation Resolve's behalf, the IPCC will review:
The IPCC has a number of allegations to consider to form the basis of its decisions.
They are:
Operation Resolve is re-examining documents and data collected from various sources.
They include the original police investigation, the coroner's inquest, a public inquiry, private prosecution, a judicial review and the HIP.
The IPCC has so far taken hundreds of statements from police officers.
Jurors at the Hillsborough inquests concluded the 96 Hillsborough victims were unlawfully killed and there were a number of failings from South Yorkshire...

Summary: After more then two years of evidence, the Hillsborough inquests jurors presented their conclusions to the relief of families who felt vindicated after a campaign lasting 27 years.
###
Article: The song is released both digitally and on vinyl this weekend.
Professor Hawking, who was recently the subject of Oscar-winning film The Theory of Everything, is in the music video flying through space.
An online game has also been released which invites players to "destroy all Monty Python asteroids before they collide with Stephen Hawking".
Professor Hawking, 73, also appeared in last year's live Monty Python stage shows alongside Professor Brian Cox at London's O2 Arena.
Galaxy Song, originally sung by Eric Idle, is from the Monty Python film The Meaning of Life and is crammed with facts and figures about the universe.
Idle announced the song by tweeting that the "Galaxy Song digital download and video has now been released".
Theoretical physicist Hawking, famed for his book A Brief History of Time, is no stranger to appearing in comedy sketches and shows.
He was recently in a Comic Relief sketch with David Walliams and Catherine Tate, and has appeared on US shows The Big Bang Theory and The Simpsons.
In The Theory of Everything he was played by Eddie Redmayne, who won the best actor Oscar. The film also won two Golden Globe awards and three Baftas.
After being diagnosed with motor neurone disease (ALS) while studying at Oxford University, Professor Hawking was given two years to live.
However he went on to develop theories that reshaped the way the world thinks about black holes, stars and the universe.

Summary: Professor Stephen Hawking has lent his voice to Monty Python's famous Galaxy Song as part of Record Store Day 2015.
###
Article: Members of the UN's heritage committee have gathered in Germany for the start of a three day meeting, where the bridge's nomination will be considered.
It has been recommended for approval, with inspectors praising it as an "extraordinary milestone in the history of bridge construction".
A final decision is due to be taken some time before Sunday night.
The distinctive red rail bridge spans the Firth of Forth between South Queensferry, on the outskirts of Edinburgh, and North Queensferry in Fife.
It opened in 1890 after eight years of construction work, and at 2,529m long was at the time the world's longest multi-span cantilever bridge.
Supporters of its bid for World Heritage Status have described it as a masterpiece of human creative genius.
Unesco appeared to agree with that assessment in its inspection report, which stated: "This enormous structure, with its distinctive industrial aesthetic and striking red colour, was conceived and built using advanced civil engineering design principles and construction methods.
"Innovative in design, materials, and scale, the Forth Bridge is an extraordinary and impressive milestone in bridge design and construction during the period when railways came to dominate long-distance land travel."
World Heritage Sites are those which Unesco considers to have an internationally significant cultural or natural heritage, and whose value is considered to transcend national boundaries.
The aim is to protect and preserve them for future generations.
There are currently 1,007 World Heritage Sites spread across 161 countries.
Other Scottish landmarks to have been given the status are Orkney's Neolithic sites, the Antonine Wall, New Lanark, St Kilda and Edinburgh's Old and New Towns.

Summary: The Forth Bridge is set to become Scotland's sixth Unesco World Heritage Site.
###
Article: Forensic expert Susan Williamson was giving evidence at the trial of William Burns and Alexander Porter, who deny attacking Russell Findlay.
The High Court in Glasgow heard she examined a jacket, mail bag, a knife and a jar that had contained acid.
The jury was told DNA matching Mr Burns was found on the jacket.
Prosecutor Richard Goddard asked Miss Williamson: "When you examined the jacket you obtained a DNA profile which matched William Burns," and she replied: "Yes."
Ms Williamson told the court that she also examined the handle of the knife found at the scene and said the major DNA contributor was Mr Porter.
The court was told the odds on the DNA belonging to anyone else not related to the men was a billion to one.
Defence counsel Susan Duff, representing Mr Porter, said: "There are a number of ways DNA could have got there," and Ms Williamson said: "Yes."
As well as working for the Sun newspaper, Mr Findlay is the author of books about Glasgow crime gangs.
Mr Findlay has already given evidence alleging that a man claiming to be a postman came to his door at 08:30 on 23 December 2015.
The journalist said the man, whom he identified as Burns, threw liquid onto the right side of his face and right eye.
The jury has heard from an eye specialist that Mr Findlay's sight could have been saved by a neighbour dousing is face with water.
Mr Burns, 56, and Mr Porter, 48, also deny attempting to murder Ross Sherlock by shooting at him repeatedly near St Helen's Primary School in Bishopbriggs on 24 September 2015.
The trial before Judge Sean Murphy QC continues.

Summary:


The reintroduction of trams to Birmingham will "give the city a network to rival the best", a transport official has said.

Article: New York University's Jerry Hultin lists 10 "green future" priorities - such as green energy and innovation - as key areas to ensure future growth.
He also wants to see a system to accelerate the time it takes for ideas to appear in the marketplace.
Mr Hultin outlined his priorities at a high level forum in San Francisco.
"Young people are very excited about the chance to make the world a better place," explained Mr Hultin, who was under-secretary of the US Navy during Bill Clinton's presidency.
"The clock is ticking as far as population growth, consumption etc is concerned. We need to come up with solutions.
"As an under-secretary for the navy and thinking about the stability and defence of the world, solving this challenge is a great opportunity for young people around the world."
Mr Hultin's 10 priorities include:
He said conventional fuel would be one of the "three big things" that will be in short supply in the future.
"Food, fuel and [water] are going to be in short supply when the population rises to nine or 10 billion people by 2050," he told BBC News.
"So green energy, both in terms of how you create it and how you use it, is a critical issue.
"In the United Arab Emirates, there is a lot of interest in green energy because they do not want to consume  what is their most valuable source of revenue, which is oil and gas.
"They want to be sure that they have alternative ways to generate and use energy."
Networking key
Mr Hultin will be among speakers at the High Level Forum on Green Future in San Francisco, organised by the Global Science and Innovation Advisory Council (GSIAC) - a joint initiative between the Malaysia Industry-Government Group for High Technology and the New York Academy of Sciences (NYAS).
Malaysia's Prime Minister, Najib Abdul Razak, will be among the speakers at the event.
Mr Hultin identified an area that he felt needed to be unlocked in order for emerging economies to advance.
"The key that I think it missing to (unlock) innovative economies and societies is networking and...

Summary: In order to move up the world's financial rankings, emerging economies need to prioritise green growth, a US expert on the topic says.
###
Article: The Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) has confirmed an earlier decision that the company should not run its MyFerryLink service from Dover.
Spokesman Alasdair Smith said it was the CMA's view that current competition on the ferry route was unsustainable.
MyFerryLink said it disagreed with the CMA and would appeal. Sailings would continue beyond summer, it added.
Mr Smith said the CMA had jurisdiction over Eurotunnel's move to buy three ferries that had belonged to the former SeaFrance operation.
He said two other Dover-Calais operators were making losses and any exit of a competitor would leave My FerryLink as one of only two ferry operators, in addition to the competing rail link.
He said Eurotunnel's purchase of the ferries meant it had more than half the market and its share could still rise.
It would be better for passengers and freight operators to have three competing operators which would be Eurotunnel's rail link and two independent ferry operators, he said.
But he added the CMA would not stop Eurotunnel finding an independent purchaser to buy and run its ferry service.
"We are conscious of the potential effect of our decision on the jobs of the MyFerryLink workers," he said. "However, there will also be job losses if MyFerryLink remains on the route and another operator leaves."
Mr Smith, CMA Panel deputy chairman, said Eurotunnel would have six months to stop ferries in order to reduce disruption and uncertainty for customers.
'Bad for consumers'
MyFerryLink said it disagreed with the CMA on a number of points, including that it did not consider the CMA had jurisdiction to review the transaction as a matter of UK merger law.
It said the CMA's decision would reduce choice and was bad for consumers, competition and all involved in cross-Channel operations - including staff, customers and Dover and Calais.
"Given that any appeal is unlikely to be finally determined until much later this year at the earliest, we would like to reassure our loyal customers that we will continue to operate our full...

Summary: Cross-Channel rail operator Eurotunnel has been banned from operating a ferry service it started two years ago.
###
Article: Transformers: Age of Extinction, which made more than $1bn at the worldwide box office, has seven nominations including worst picture and screenplay.
Director Michael Bay has also been nominated for a Razzie, which launched in 1980 as a spoof of the Oscars.
Kirk Cameron's Saving Christmas and The Legend of Hercules received six nods.
They join action comedy Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles - another Michael Bay production - and Nicolas Cage's thriller Left Behind in the worst picture category.
Other notable nominees include Cameron Diaz, who is cited for her roles in romantic comedies The Other Woman and Sex Tape as well as worst supporting actress in the remake of Annie.
Seth MacFarlane, who hosted the Oscars in 2013, also has a number of nominations for his comic western, A Million Ways to Die in the West.
He joins Bay in the worst director category and is nominated for "worst screen combo" with Charlize Theron, who is also up for worst actress.
MacFarlane is also in the running for worst actor alongside The Legend of Hercules' Kellan Lutz, Cameron, Cage and Adam Sandler.
Sandler is no stranger to the Razzies, having received 10 nominations for worst actor and won three times.
A new category has also been launched to honour a past Razzie winner for a critically acclaimed role.
Online voters will choose between Ben Affleck, Jennifer Aniston, Mike Myers, Keanu Reeves and Kristen Stewart for this year's "redeemer" award.
The winners of the spray-painted golden raspberry statues will be announced at a ceremony on the eve of the Academy awards in February.
The full list of nominees is as follows:
Worst Picture
Worst Actor
Worst Supporting Actor
Worst Actress
Worst Supporting Actress
Worst Director
Worst Remake, Rip-off or Sequel
Worst Screen Combo
Worst Screenplay
Redeemer Award

Summary: The fourth entry in the Transformers franchise leads this year's Razzie nominations, which single out the worst movies of the last 12 months.
###
Article: Gen Selim Idriss claimed that more than 7,000 fighters of the Lebanese Shia movement were taking part in attacks on the rebel-held town of Qusair.
The French foreign minister has estimated the number at 3,000-4,000.
The US State Department has demanded that Hezbollah withdraw its fighters from Syria immediately.
A spokeswoman Jen Psaki said their presence was an "extremely dangerous" escalation.
The statements follow a meeting of the UN Human Rights Council in Geneva, which condemned government attacks on Qusair and the involvement of foreign fighters.
Gen Idriss made an emotional appeal to Western powers on the BBC World Service's Newshour programme, saying: "We are dying. Please come and help us."
He appealed for more weapons "to defend our citizens".
He said the FSA was fielding fewer than 1,500 fighters in the fight for Qusair, armed only with light weapons.
More than 50,000 residents were trapped in the town and a "massacre" would occur if it fell, he added.
He also said he had received information that Iranian fighters were involved in the offensive.
Hezbollah fighters have been in Syria for some time now but their numbers appear to have grown rapidly over the last few weeks because of the intense fighting for control over the key town of Qusair, says the BBC's Kim Ghattas in Washington.
Ms Psaki called their presence "unacceptable" and demanded they leave.
Washington has no leverage over Hezbollah and the warning did not come with a threat of any consequences if the Lebanese militant group does not withdraw, our correspondent says.
But the statement is a sign of growing concern in the US that the conflict in Syria is morphing into a complex regional war by proxy.
Asked about the presence of jihadist factions in the Syrian opposition, Gen Idriss said they formed "not more than 5-8% of all fighters in Syria" and that they had received excessive media coverage.
However, he said that while he did not share jihadists' ideology, he was not in a position to try to deter anyone who wanted to join the fight...

Summary: The military chief of the main umbrella group of Syrian rebels, the Free Syrian Army, has accused Hezbollah fighters of "invading" Syria in a BBC interview.
###
Article: Trams ran in the city between 1904 and 1953 before being replaced by buses.
In December, they returned to the streets with the opening of the Midland Metro service - the first part of a Â£128m project.
Once complete, trams from Wolverhampton will continue in to Birmingham, terminating at New Street station.
Roger Lawrence, chairman of the West Midlands Integrated Transport Authority said: "This is an opportunity to expand. Not just into the city centre but out to the airport.
"We will have a network to rival the best ones, like Manchester and Nottingham and even south London. Our network will equal those".
At its peak, the original tram network ran 230 million passenger journeys every year from Yardley to Dudley, and from Erdington down to the Lickey Hills.
Elsie Field, now 91, began working on the trams as a conductress when she was 18. Part of her job was using a pole to connect the tramcar to the overhead power lines.
She said although she was short-sighted she was "too proud to wear her glasses, so the connection was sometimes a bit hit-and-miss".
Tram enthusiast Geoffrey Claydon grew up in Birmingham and said he was disappointed when his regular commute was replaced by a bus service.
"I said why have the trams gone and was told 'Oh, they're old fashioned'. From that moment I thought I would be very supportive of trams, I would do my best to try and keep them where I can for the rest of my life".
When working as a government lawyer, Mr Claydon helped design the Transport and Works Act of 1992, which paved the way for the Midland Metro Line.
"I can now feel quite smug. It was an immense satisfaction that I've lived long enough to see trams back and the poor souls who got rid of them have been proved wrong".
Inside Out West Midlands has a full report on the history and reintroduction of trams in Birmingham on BBC One, Monday at 19:30.

Summary:

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A letter written by the Queen revealing how she and Prince Philip first fell in love attracted "furious" bidding as it smashed pre-auction estimates.

Article: It expects inflation in the eurozone to remain "very low" for some years as threats to economic growth increase.
ECB president Mario Draghi said Europe's economic recovery would continue, "albeit at a somewhat weaker pace than expected".
The euro fell sharply as Mr Draghi also hinted that the bank could expand its stimulus programme if necessary.
He was speaking after the ECB kept its main interest rate on hold at 0.05%.
The ECB is now forecasting economic growth in the eurozone of 1.4% in 2015, down from 1.5%, and 1.7% in 2016, compared with its previous projection of 1.9%.
However, Mr Draghi said that risks to the outlook for economic growth and inflation had worsened since mid-August, when the latest projections were calculated.
"Lower commodity prices, a stronger euro, somewhat lower growth, have increased the risk to a sustainable path of inflation towards 2%," he told a news conference in Frankfurt.
The euro fell sharply following Mr Draghi's comments, dropping a cent against the dollar to $1.1127.
He also admitted that inflation could turn negative in the coming months.
The bank expected inflation to be 0.1% for 2015, rising to 1.5% in 2016 and 1.7% in 2017, dampened by lower energy prices.
The ECB made no change to its bond-buying programme, but Mr Draghi said it could be extended beyond its planned conclusion in September 2016 if necessary.
What was the (not very) coded message in Mario Draghi's remarks? That the ECB's Governing Council is very uneasy that inflation remains too low and is not responding as quickly as hoped to the quantitative easing programme launched earlier this year.
It was also clear that the ECB was ready to strengthen the programme by running it for longer - it is planned to run until September next year - spending more each month on it, or by buying a wider range of assets.
It all depends on the economic data - essentially whether it looks like inflation is going to get back to the target of below or close to 2%. It remains way below that figure and is not getting closer, so...

Summary: The European Central Bank (ECB) has cut its inflation and growth forecasts for 2015 and the next two years.
###
Article: But the figures from National Records of Scotland showed there was wide variation across the country in the length of time people live.
They also showed that people in the most deprived areas died sooner.
East Dunbartonshire had the highest life expectancy in Scotland, while the lowest was in Glasgow.
The figures, which covered 2011-13, showed:
Tim Ellis, National Records of Scotland chief executive, said: "This report shows that life expectancy continues to vary widely across Scotland.
"People living in rural areas, in general, live longer than those in more urban areas.
"Men in the least deprived areas of Scotland may live 12.5 years longer than those in the most deprived areas while women in the least deprived areas could expect to live 8.5 years longer than those in the most deprived."

Summary: Life expectancy for men and women in Scotland has risen to between 76 and 80 in the last few years, according to new official figures.
###
Article: The party failed in an attempt to have proceedings adjourned to allow for talks after the murder of ex-IRA man Kevin McGuigan Sr.
The police have said they believe IRA members were involved in his murder.
But they added there is no evidence at this stage that the killing was sanctioned by the organisation.
It is still not clear what the DUP tactics will be, but Arlene Foster said her party had a plan of action.
The DUP finance minister told the BBC that the public "will see these actions laid out in full" on Monday.
"I'm not going to precipitate those actions coming to the fore but we've said all along that it won't be business as usual," Mrs Foster said.
MLAs are due to debate a Sinn Féin motion condemning the murders of former IRA members Jock Davison and Mr McGuigan, and calling on anyone with information to pass it on to the police.
Political talks called by Downing Street are due to begin on Tuesday.
At the weekend, Northern Ireland Secretary of State Theresa Villiers said if there is no agreement on welfare reform the Westminster government will, as a last resort, take back the power to legislate on the issue.
Deputy First Minister Martin McGuinness, from Sinn Féin, said on Sunday that it would be a huge mistake for Westminster to impose welfare cuts.
The Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP) which has also opposed welfare reform legislation, accused the government of giving in to the DUP on the issue.
"It is bad politics for London to give ground to the DUP before talks have begun or for London to think they can rewrite the Good Friday Agreement, the SDLP's Alex Attwood said.
Alliance leader David Ford said the Northern Ireland Executive was facing "serious financial difficulties".
"Those serious financial difficulties have been exacerbated by the failure of Sinn Féin and the SDLP to agree the necessary reforms to the welfare system which they agreed back in December but have failed to put into practice," he said.
"If it's not going to happen, the only option is that legislation goes through at...

Summary: The Northern Ireland Assembly returns  later with the Democratic Unionist Party promising it will not be business as usual.
###
Article: Gloucestershire Fire and Rescue will be alerted by the council's 24-hour Telecare service in a pilot scheme to support residents in the Cotswolds.
John Beard, from the fire service, said it was "great" to help "plug a gap in social care" in rural areas.
Gloucestershire County Council said it would help to "deliver savings".
The pilot scheme, involving retained firefighters, is aimed at elderly and vulnerable people who do not have support from local friends or family.
Sensors which can detect fire, flooding, carbon monoxide and gas leaks have been placed around the person's home. A "falls detector" can also be worn around the neck or on the wrist and generates an emergency call if the wearer has fallen.
All of the equipment is linked to a 24-hour monitoring centre, which operates all year round.
John Beard said: "It's really great for the fire service to plug a gap in the social care of the people who need it most, particularly in our rural community.
"It's wonderful to be able to offer our existing infrastructure and well-trained professional firefighters to be able to deliver a service that otherwise we'd struggle to be able to do."
Commissioning manager Donna Miles, who works across Gloucestershire Commissioning Group and the county council, said: "It's about having the longer term ambition to keep people at home as long as we possibly can, which in itself will help prevent hospital admissions.
"It will deliver savings in delaying when somebody goes into a care home, from a county council perspective."
The pilot scheme will run initially in the in the Northleach, Chipping Campden and Fairford areas.

Summary: Gloucestershire firefighters are to answer emergency calls from isolated and vulnerable people via special sensors installed in their homes.
###
Article: It was written to author Betty Shew by the 21-year-old princess in 1947, months before her marriage.
The two-page note describes how the couple met, were chased by a photographer in Prince Philip's sports car and danced at London nightclubs.
It was given a pre-auction estimate of £800 to £1,200 but sold for £14,400.
Describing it as a "fantastic result", Richard Edmonds of the Chippenham Auction Rooms in Wiltshire said: "It was quite an honour to be able to sell such an important document, particularly as the country is celebrating the Queen's 90th birthday.
"The bidding was both online and over eight phone lines. It was pretty fast and furious. At times our internet connection looked like it was lighting up."
The identity of the buyer has not been disclosed.
The then Princess Elizabeth agreed to share the details of her relationship with Philip, for a royal wedding souvenir book being written by Mrs Shew.
In the letter, written in ink on white paper adorned with the royal crest, the princess recalls how she met Prince Philip at the age of 13, describes his love of fast cars and how the couple danced at nightclubs Ciro's and Quaglino's in London.
The future Queen also writes about her wedding ring, which she says will be made of Welsh gold.
She and Prince Philip married in November 1947 at Westminster Abbey, the same location as her coronation in June 1953.

Summary:


The prime minister has entered a row between Corby by-election candidates over the future of a hospital, amid claims it could be downgraded in a healthcare review.

Article: When the Changleng twins, David and Malcolm, were calling it a day, she was busy forming a girls' team at her high school on the banks of the River Dee.
And when her mentor and boss, Dave Pearson, was hanging up his whistle, she was a self-confessed terrier scrum-half in the national youth ranks, yapping and snarling and, on occasion, mouthing off at the men in the middle.
Had her shoulder not had the unfortunate knack of dislocating, she might well be part of Shade Munro's impressive transformation of the Scotland women's team, rather than the latest in a new clutch of young and ambitious Scottish Rugby referees.
"I was one of those little nines and 10s who gave the ref some gyp," Davidson laughs. "I did two seasons at Scotland Under-20s, then the summer I graduated to the senior set-up I dislocated my shoulder again the week before I was supposed to win my first cap.
"I saw rugby sevens was an Olympic sport, and decided to give refereeing a go. Injury probably pushed it faster than I'd anticipated, but it's definitely a way to stay involved in the sport."
Of Scottish Rugby's five contracted referees, Davidson, now 24, is the first woman, following counterparts such as England's Sara Cox, or Amy Perrett of Australia, in packing in the day job, and going full-time.
She cares little for the gender distinction, but hopes her appointment will serve notice to those who struggle to marry the abrasiveness and attrition of the game with any lingering perceptions of what it is to be feminine.
"Male players almost feel a bit like, there's a woman on the park, they have to be a bit more courteous," she says.
"I guess it's good for the game that they're being courteous, but it should be no different to if it was a guy refereeing.
"Instead of comments being made - 'oh, it's a female referee'  you turn up, do the exact same thing as a guy, and leave. There's no extra limelight on you just because you're a female."
The adjustment from the brink of a senior cap to novice arbiter brought unexpected challenges.
Davidson had...

Summary: Hollie Davidson was nine years old when the great Jim Fleming, Scottish rugby's last regular representative at the sharp end of elite refereeing, brought his career to a close.
###
Article: Auctioneer Andrew Aldridge said the Spillers and Bakers Pilot cracker, from a survival kit in a lifeboat, was "the world's most valuable biscuit".
It was bought by a collector in Greece.
A photograph purporting to show the iceberg that sank the ill-fated liner sold at the same auction for £21,000. The picture was taken by a steward on another ship which passed the iceberg.
Mr Aldridge said they were among the most "collectible and iconic" Titanic items to be sold.
The auction, at Henry Aldridge & Son in Devizes, Wiltshire, also saw a "loving cup" presented to the captain of the Carpathia, which came to the Titanic's aid, also sell for £129,000 to a UK collector.
It was given to Captain Arthur Rostron by survivor Molly Brown, paid for by donations from wealthy passengers after the disaster.
Mr Aldridge said the price paid for the cup made it the third most valuable item associated with the Titanic story to have ever been sold.
He said: "The interest in the items reflected the worldwide nature of Titanic memorabilia. They captured collectors' imagination".
The biscuit was saved by James Fenwick, a passenger on the Carpathia which picked up Titanic survivors.
He kept it in an envelope complete with original notation, "Pilot biscuit from Titanic lifeboat April 1912".
RMS Titanic had been four days into a week-long Transatlantic crossing from Southampton to New York when the supposedly "unsinkable" ship struck the iceberg on 14 April 1912.
The ship sank less than three hours later at around 02:20 on 15 April.
The photograph was captured the day after the luxury liner sank in the Atlantic, killing more than 1,500 people.
It was taken by the chief steward of steamer the Prinz Adalbert, who was at the time unaware of the tragedy that had occurred the previous day.
It comes with a previously unpublished statement from the photographer, who describes seeing scrapings of red paint on the side.
The estimated guide price had been between £10,000 and £15,000.
Mr Aldridge described it as an "incredibly fascinating relic of...

Summary: A biscuit which had been aboard a lifeboat on the Titanic has sold at auction for £15,000.
###
Article: The United Automobile Workers union negotiated a profit sharing deal in 2011.
It is worth up to $1,000 per $1bn of profit the company makes in the continent.
However, net profit for the whole of GM dropped 2.7% last year to $9.43bn after foreign exchange losses.
A jump in sales in mid-size pick-up trucks and SUVs aided sales in the US. Chevrolet was the fastest growing US GM brand in 2016, increasing its share of the US retail market by 0.5 percentage points.
A year earlier, payments of up to $11,000 were awarded to union workers after $11bn of North American profits were posted. The award is based on working more than an average of 35 hours per week during the year.
In Europe, the company reported a narrower loss of $257m, compared with $813m in 2015, as sales rose.
GM sold a record 10 million vehicles in 2016, up 1.2% from 2015, with 3.04 million vehicles sold in the US.
In China, deliveries rose 7.1% to a record 3.87 million vehicles and in Europe, its Opel and Vauxhall marques posted a 4% sales increase.
GM said fourth-quarter net profit fell partly because of $500m in currency losses, mostly from the decline of the pound.
The carmaker forecast profit per share in 2017 would be the same or slightly better than last year.

Summary: Workers paid hourly at General Motors in the US will receive bonuses of $12,000 (Â£9,700) after the firm made a profit of $12bn in North America.
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Article: Mainland women will be prevented from giving birth in Hong Kong unless they have a Hong Kong husband.
While the proposal would only apply to public hospitals, private hospitals have also agreed to follow suit.
Increasing "birth tourism" from the mainland has caused tensions.
Soaring numbers of mainland women have sought to give birth in Hong Kong to ensure that their child receives Hong Kong citizenship.
Almost half of all babies born in Hong Kong in 2010 were the children of mainland couples, according to government figures.
The "zero quota" proposals were made by Chief Executive-elect CY Leung, who takes office on 1 July.
Under the proposals, pregnant women from mainland China will not be eligible for obstetrics services from next year, unless their husband is from Hong Kong.
Furthermore, children born to mainland parents will not be guaranteed residency unless one of their parents is a Hong Kong resident.
The new proposals are likely to be popular in Hong Kong, whose residents have said that "birth tourism" from mainland China has strained resources and put lives at risk.
Ethnic Chinese babies born in Hong Kong currently automatically receive the right to live and work there, as well as the right to carry a Hong Kong passport, which makes international travel easier.
Some mainlanders also choose to give birth in Hong Kong to skirt the one-child policy, which can result in heavy fines for violators.
Mr Leung, who was elected with the weakest mandate of any chief executive to date, has been trying to rally political support with populist policies, says the BBC's Hong Kong correspondent Juliana Liu.
The Hong Kong government has already imposed quotas on the number of mainland mothers allowed to give birth in local hospitals, but residents say the quotas do not go far enough.
Alan Lau, head of Hong Kong's Private Hospitals Association, told the BBC that its members felt they had no choice but to comply with Mr Leung's wishes.
He confirmed that the hospitals would stop taking bookings from mainland mothers from...

Summary: Hong Kong hospitals will limit maternity services to most pregnant women from mainland China from next year, under new proposals from its incoming chief executive.
###
Article: Labour argues that Kettering General Hospital could lose services, but this has been rejected by the Conservatives, Liberal Democrats and UKIP.
In Parliament, David Cameron said Labour was not telling the truth.
The NHS has told the BBC the hospital will not be downgraded.
An NHS consultation has started into the organisation of five hospital and clinical commissioning groups, in Northamptonshire, Milton Keynes and Bedfordshire.
The hospitals included in the review are Kettering - which is used by people living in Corby - Northampton, Milton Keynes, Luton and Dunstable, and Bedford.
The review looks at the option of providing "specialist centres for some services where this will improve quality".
At Prime Minister's Questions, Conservative MP for North West Leicestershire Andrew Bridgen asked the prime minister about concerns that Labour was running a negative campaign over the future of Kettering hospital.
Mr Cameron said: "Labour MP after Labour MP is trouping up to Corby and claiming this hospital is not safe and they know this is simply not true.
"This hospital is being invested in by this government, unlike the party opposite."
On a visit to the constituency on Tuesday to support Labour candidate Andy Sawford, shadow health secretary Andy Burnham said: "You clearly can't believe a word the Tories say on the NHS.
"Here in Corby and East Northamptonshire, ministers have failed to provide all the details about plans to downgrade services at Kettering.
"Local people should be given all the facts."
The United Kingdom Independence Party candidate Margot Parker said: "I live in the constituency. I live next to a nurse. I speak to local people. We know there is no truth in this at all.
"It is political football of the worst kind. It is a shabby load of nonsense and scaremongering."
Jill Hope, who is standing for the Lib Dems, has described the claims as "totally irresponsible", while Tory candidate Christine Emmett has said she has received assurances about the future of the hospital.
The by-election was sparked...

Summary:


The Scottish government has been criticised for its "political courage" in attempting to introduce a minimum unit price for alcohol.
The report found that average household spending had increased by 12 per cent, while household income went up by five per cent.
The report found that average household expenditure in the island rose to just over??

A third man has been jailed for murdering a flight attendant who was bludgeoned with a hammer and buried in a concrete tomb.

Article: The standardised average price of a home in the region is almost £117,000 - that is 7% higher than a year ago.
Figures issued through the Department of Finance show all areas of Northern Ireland, except mid-Ulster, saw a rise in the latest quarter (July - Sept).
Between 2005 and 2007, Northern Ireland house prices doubled before collapsing, reaching a low point in early 2013.
However, the market has been in recovery mode since then. Prices are still about 40% below what they were before the crash.

Summary: House prices in Northern Ireland continue to increase, according to the latest official figures.
###
Article: Because of their abundance of stars, these "globular clusters" were an early favourite in the Seti field.
But recent efforts to scour the sky for planets orbiting alien stars have had little success within star clusters.
Now, two astronomers say there is good reason to keep up the search.
Rosanne Di Stefano from the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, US, and Alak Ray from the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research in India, have described what they call the "globular cluster opportunity".
At an average age of 10 billion years (much wrinklier than the Sun, at four billion), globular clusters don't have many young stars, rich in the metallic elements needed to build planets.
But Dr Di Stefano, speaking in Florida at the 227th meeting of the American Astronomical Society, pointed out that recent discoveries had placed exoplanets - especially small, rocky ones like Earth - around stars much less metal-rich than our Sun.
"When Seti first started in 50s and 60s, we didn't even know if there were exoplanets," she told reporters at the meeting.
"Now we can use the information that we've gleaned from other planet discoveries - and there are over 2,000 planets known today - to ask, is it likely that they'd be in globular clusters."
Dr Di Stefano also pointed to the remarkable example of PSR B1620-26 b, sometimes called "Methuselah". It is the only exoplanet so far detected orbiting a star - or in its case, two stars - within a globular cluster.
"I think most of us would say that the discovery of that one, bizarre planet indicates that there must be other planets in that cluster," she said.
Furthermore, Drs Di Stefano and Ray have identified a "sweet spot" in the dimensions of globular clusters.
Because most of their stars are old, cool red dwarfs, any habitable planets would have to huddle in very close orbits to sustain liquid water.
Staying wet, however, isn't the only challenge for a life-bearing planet in a crowded cluster. A ball of a million stars just 100 light years across is a raging turmoil of...

Summary: Ancient, tightly packed clumps of stars found at the fringe of the Milky Way are a good bet in the search for extra terrestrial intelligence (Seti), research suggests.
###
Article: It came from the Global Alcohol Policy Alliance (GAPA) which aims to counter the health problems created by alcohol consumption.
Alcohol causes more than three million deaths around the world annually.
But the number of deaths linked to drinking has been falling in Scotland in recent years.
GAPA said it selected Scotland for its annual conference - being held in in Edinburgh from 7-9 October - because of the progressive approach it is taking to prevent alcohol harm, in particular the government's attempts to tackle cheap alcohol through minimum unit pricing (MUP).
Although MSPs passed a law in 2012 imposing a minimum unit price to try to cut the harm it can cause, its implementation has been held up by a legal challenge from the Scotch Whisky Association.
Derek Rutherford, who chairs GAPA, said holding its annual conference in Scotland would acknowledge the work being done there to reduce the harm caused by alcohol.
"It provides the opportunity to acknowledge their advocacy strategies and to share in the experience of advocates in other regions and countries of the world," he said.
"Importantly, we can pay tribute to the Scottish government for the political courage it has shown to implement appropriate policy in the face of stiff opposition by the drinks industry."
Dr Mac Armstrong, chair of Alcohol Focus Scotland (AFS), the national charity working to reduce alcohol harm, said: "The Scottish government's plans to introduce minimum unit pricing for alcohol will increase the price of the cheapest, strongest drinks.
"Unfortunately, the implementation of this innovative policy has been delayed due to a legal challenge from the alcohol industry.
"This action provides yet more evidence of the alcohol industry's role in seeking to prevent the implementation of alcohol policies that are going to be effective in reducing alcohol consumption and harm."
The main focus of the conference, which has attracted more than 400 delegates from 55 countries, is on protecting children from the promotion of alcohol.
Research...

Summary: The Scottish government has been praised for its "political courage" in attempting to introduce a minimum unit price for alcohol.
###
Article: The Household Expenditure Survey Report 2012-2013 compares data with the previous report of 2005-2006.
The report found that average household spending had increased by 12 per cent, while household income went up by five per cent.
Figures show the average Guernsey household spends just over ??4,530 per month.
The report found that average household expenditure in the island rose to just over ??54,000 per year.
??269.32 Housing, maintenance and energy
??122.98 Recreation and culture
??95.96 Transport - on and off island
??93.93 Food and non-alcoholic drinks
Housing, fuel and power account for the largest proportion of household spending at 25% of total outgoings.
The average weekly shop costs just under ??100, but the proportion of expenditure on food has decreased over the past 50 years, the survey said.
Pierre Blampied, the managing director of mortgage broker SPF Private Clients Guernsey, said: "The percentage of income going towards a mortgage is far greater than it used to be. People tend to live beyond their means. It doesn't surprise me that people are eating into their savings."
Just over 1,000 local households took part in the survey, which is carried out every five to seven years.

Summary: Household spending in Guernsey is increasing faster than income, a survey has found.
###
Article: Frenchman Christophe Borgye's remains were found at a property in Ellesmere Port, Merseyside, in 2013 - four years after he was reported missing.
Manuel Wagner, 29, has been found guilty of murder and sentenced to a minimum jail term of 16 years following a trial at Liverpool Crown Court.
Two other men were convicted in 2014.
Mr Borgye, 36, was killed in May 2009 and buried in the outbuilding of the house he shared with German national Wagner and fellow Frenchmen Sebastian Bendou and Dominik Kocher.
Bendou contacted Cheshire Police in May 2013 and led officers to Mr Borgye's body, which was wrapped in tarpaulin and encased in thick concrete.
Officers said a low brick wall had been built inside the outhouse with three layers of concrete placed over the body.
A post-mortem examination found My Borgye died from hammer blows to the head.
He had been reported missing by a work colleague, but after launching an investigation police said they believed he had left the country.
Det Sgt Steve Currie said the case had been "complicated" and "devastating" for Mr Borgye's family, but added "the final jigsaw piece in this shocking crime is now in place".
Wagner was previously found not guilty of assisting an offender and preventing a lawful burial.
However, was re-arrested in 2015 when new evidence came to light.
Bendou, now 39, and Kocher, now 38, were given life sentences for murder with minimum terms of 14 and 23 years respectively in 2014.

Summary:


A patient evicted from hospital after spending more than two years in a bed "declined" all options offered, a council has said.

Article: Two of those mentioned are senior advisers to the king.
The cable was sent to Washington in January this year by the then American ambassador in Bangkok.
The ailing 83-year-old King Bhumibol Adulyadej is the world's longest-reigning current head of state.
The reverence in which the monarch is held is invariably evident whenever and wherever he appears in public.
Crown Prince Vajiralongkorn is in his late fifties.
The ambassador's cable quotes alleged conversations with General Prem Tinsulanonda, the head of the privy council, a former prime minister, Anand Panyarachun, and Air Chief Marshall Siddhi Savetsila.
It says all three had quite negative comments about  the crown prince and two of them - while asserting that the crown prince will become king - implied that the country would be "better off if other arrangements could be made".
The cable also cited concerns about the crown prince's private life.
The ambassador's conclusion in the cable is that "on the two most difficult and sensitive issues of the day in Thailand - [ousted Prime Minister] Thaksin [Shinawatra] and the monarchy - the Thai elite appear as unsure about the future as any other sector of society".
He says the stakes are significant for all sides.
Analysts point out that these views are reported in a cable sent at the start of what has been one of the most turbulent years in Thailand's recent history.
Dr Tim Forsyth, an East Asia expert from the Development Studies Institute at the London School of Economics, told the BBC:
"The Wikileaks cables certainly give the impression that the members of the privy council of Thailand are concerned about the suitability of the crown prince. Of course these cables are unconfirmed and it is very difficult for outside people to comment on it.
"But it does seem to suggest that some of the origins of the political problems in Thailand over the last few years are somehow connected to this worry about what will happen to the monarchy.
Dr Forsyth said some people in Thailand had told him that the 2006 coup which...

Summary: A leaked US diplomatic cable obtained by the Wikileaks website says three influential figures in Thailand expressed concerns about the prospect of the crown prince becoming king.
###
Article: The right to select their next leader is a key part of citizenship, they heard, as photos were shown of the three men running to become the city's next chief executive.
After the lecture, the students returned to their classrooms, where everyone took turns using computers to cast votes for the three candidates - Henry Tang, CY Leung or Albert Ho - as part of a city-wide mock election.
Hong Kong residents do not yet have the right to directly select their top official, but the desire for universal suffrage is strong, according to students and teachers at Fung Kai, one of the biggest schools in Hong Kong.
Eunice Leung, 16, is sharply critical of the current system, in which fewer than 1,200 electors largely loyal to Beijing will choose the Chinese city's top official on 25 March.
"They are given the right to choose the chief executive, but the decision they are going to make cannot represent all Hong Kong people. That's why it is a very unfair election," she said, after casting her vote.
Though it was meant to be a secret ballot, Ms Leung revealed she voted for Mr Ho, chairman of the Democratic Party, whose main platform is universal suffrage.
Because of his outspoken pro-democracy stance, Mr Ho is widely seen as being unacceptable to Beijing.
His two rivals are more familiar to the establishment.
Two systems
When Hong Kong rejoined China in 1997 after 150 years as a British colony, certain rights and freedoms not granted on the mainland were guaranteed here.
Among them was the right to elect the chief executive, a position roughly equivalent to mayor of Hong Kong, China's most international city and a global financial powerhouse.
But Beijing has dragged its heels on actually giving Hong Kong citizens that right.
Robert Chung, an influential pollster who organised the city-wide popular vote, said the desire for universal suffrage has been whipped up even more by a series of embarrassing scandals revealed during two months of campaigning.
"As it turns out, the election is getting more and more exciting. The...

Summary: In an airy auditorium at Fung Kai Number One Secondary School in Hong Kong, about 900 students sat and listened as one of their teachers gave them a civics lesson.
###
Article: While having a flutter at the bookies has long been associated with horse racing, the growth of online betting could see football challenge that position in Britain.
However, betting on football is now a worldwide phenomenon with much of the trading carried out on illegal markets in Asia, where the huge sums wagered bring with it the threat of match-fixing.
Here we look at the rise in betting, the risks of corruption and the history of cheating in the sport.
"The current estimations, which include both the illegal markets and the legal markets, suggest the sports match-betting industry is worth anywhere between $700bn and $1tn (£435bn to £625bn) a year," says Darren Small, director of integrity at betting and sports data analysts Sportradar.
About 70% of that trade has been estimated to come from trading on football.
Sportradar has contracts to monitor betting on some 55,000 matches a year, running algorithms which cover 350 global bookmakers, to spot suspicious betting patterns. Concerns are raised with about 1% of fixtures monitored.
"It doesn't sound a great deal but it is still 500 or so matches that are potentially fixed and we are talking potentially millions of pounds in turnover on these matches which is running through criminal activities," says Small.
International crime investigation body Interpol says its Operation Soga has carried out more than 2,300 raids on properties worldwide as part of its drive to disrupt match fixers.
It has seized over $27m (£16.8m) in cash, and closed down illegal gambling dens which handled bets worth more than $2bn (£1.2bn).
While betting in Asia is usually restricted to a limited range, the array of options in Europe are far more than the traditional straightforward choices of win, lose or draw.
Licensed bookies offer upwards of 200 different markets on matches around the globe.
You can bet on the first and last goalscorer, the correct score, the half-time score, number of goals, whether there will be a sending-off, a hat-trick, penalty or the amount of corners.
Some...

Summary: Gambling on football is a huge and growing global industry worth billions of pounds per year.
###
Article: The order gives the league the means to have computer servers used to power the streams blocked.
Until now, it could only go after individual video streams which were relatively easy to re-establish at different links.
A spokesman said it could now target pirates in a "precise manner".
"For the first time this will enable the Premier League to disrupt and prevent the illegal streaming of our matches via IPTV, so-called Kodi, boxes," he added.
Football fans are urged instead to get a Sky Sports or BT Sport subscription, or watch games at a venue that pays for access.
The Federation Against Copyright Theft (Fact) declared that the use of Kodi software to watch pirated streams was becoming an "epidemic" last September.
Since then, there have been several arrests of people selling set-top boxes  pre-installed with both Kodi software and additional third-party add-ons that make it possible to watch copyright-infringing film and TV streams.
According to a recent survey commissioned by the security firm Irdeto, Kodi boxes are particularly prevalent in the UK.
It reported that 11% of Brits that admitted to watching pirated streams in a survey said they did so via a Kodi box.
There is confusion about whether doing so is illegal.
Derbyshire County Council trading standards officers recently said users would not break copyright laws by doing so.
"Accessing premium paid-for content without a subscription is considered by the industry as unlawful access, although streaming something online, rather than downloading a file, is likely to be exempt from copyright laws," they said.
But the Intellectual Property Office has taken a different view.
"It is a criminal offence to knowingly receive subscription broadcasts without paying for them, and there are also provisions restricting the manufacture, sale or use of equipment designed to circumvent the encryption that protects many TV broadcasts," said Matt Cope, deputy director of intellectual property enforcement.
Kodi is free software, built by volunteers, that is designed to...

Summary: The Premier League has secured a court order to help tackle rights-infringing video streams of football matches via so-called Kodi set-top boxes.
###
Article: Adriano Guedes, 63, who was paralysed by a stroke in 2008, was admitted to the James Paget Hospital in Gorleston, Norfolk, in 2014.
He was evicted two weeks ago after the hospital obtained a court order and is now in a council flat in Suffolk.
It was granted as Mr Guedes repeatedly turned down offers of care and housing.
In a statement, Suffolk County Council - which is responsible for his care since he left hospital - said it had worked "extensively" with the patient, along with other agencies.
"We explored all options available, but they were declined by him," it said.
"We will continue to work with our partners and Mr Guedes to ensure he continues to receive appropriate levels of care and support."
On Tuesday, Mr Guedes told the BBC the hospital had "forced" him to to stay.
He said: "It's very bad to occupy a place which should be used by someone in need, but I didn't cause the situation. On the contrary - I tried to get out of there.
"I wanted to leave but they always offered what they knew I would refuse."
Mr Guedes said he had been admitted to hospital on mental health grounds.
He said he has been on a hunger strike since he left on 10 January.
It is understood he is visited by carers four times a day in his new home.

Summary:


Asian markets headed lower after a survey of China's manufacturing sector indicated it is shrinking at the fastest pace for six-and-a-half years.

Article: Mike Johnson said the elite Fife institution had outreach programmes which connected with local communities.
Recent figures showed that the number of 18-year-olds from Scotland's poorest areas going to university was down.
Mr Johnson said a good university needed "diversity of thought" from its "diversity of students".
The admissions' director was speaking to BBC radio presenter Bill Whiteford who was hosting Thursday's Good Morning Scotland programme from St Andrews, Scotland's oldest university.
Mr Johnson said: "We meet our funded places allocation with Scottish students, we cannot go above that cap but we always meet that number in terms of Scottish students.
"What we want to see is the diversity of the student, wherever that student comes from.
"It shouldn't be seen as some charitable venture at universities - this is about the diversity of a student bringing diversity of thought, we want many world views.
"When students are in tutorials we want them to come from different backgrounds, this is good for universities, there is no doubt about that."
The Scottish government has placed a major focus on cutting the attainment gap between rich and poor, and increasing the number of Scots from the worst-off communities making it to university.
However, some politicians and education experts believe the cap on funded university places needs to be lifted if the system is going to target poorer students without impacting on the wider student population.
Convenor of Universities Scotland, Andrea Nolan, told the programme it was important to give "as many opportunities as we can to people who we believe have the potential and the ability to succeed".
She explained "In Scotland we have a fixed number of places for Scottish and EU domicile students and as we seek to widen access to people from communities that are underrepresented at universities that is going to put pressure in a fixed system."
Ms Nolan said lifting the cap on places was one way of "expanding the system".
She added: "There are other ways where we can...

Summary: The head of admissions at the University of St Andrews said it had a good "student diversity" policy without having to be a "charitable venture".
###
Article: Instead, a study concluded, the only way to prevent a hangover is to drink less alcohol.
More than 800 students were asked how they tried to relieve hangover symptoms, but neither food nor water was found to have any positive effect.
The findings are being presented at a conference in Amsterdam.
A team of international researchers from the Netherlands and Canada surveyed students' drinking habits to find out whether hangovers could be eased or if some people were immune to them.
Among 826 Dutch students, 54% ate food after drinking alcohol, including fatty food and heavy breakfasts, in the hope of staving off a hangover.
With the same aim, more than two-thirds drank water while drinking alcohol and more than half drank water before going to bed.
Although these groups showed a slight improvement in how they felt compared with those who hadn't drunk water, there was no real difference in the severity of their hangovers.
Previous research suggests that about 25% of drinkers claim never to get hangovers.
So the researchers questioned 789 Canadian students about their drinking in the previous month and the hangovers they experienced, finding that those who didn't get a hangover simply consumed "too little alcohol to develop a hangover in the first place".
Of those students who drank heavily, with an estimated blood alcohol concentration of more than 0.2%, almost no-one was immune to hangovers.
According to lead author Dr Joris Verster, from Utrecht University, the relationship was pretty straightforward.
"The more you drink, the more likely you are to get a hangover.
"Drinking water may help against thirst and a dry mouth, but it will not take away the misery, the headache and the nausea."
Dr Verster said part of the problem was that scientists still do not know what causes a hangover.
"Research has concluded that it's not simply dehydration - we know the immune system is involved, but before we know what causes it, it's very unlikely we'll find an effective cure."
He said the next step was to carry out more...

Summary: Raiding the fridge or downing glasses of water after a night of heavy drinking won't improve your sore head the next day, Dutch research suggests.
###
Article: BBC Worldwide said "a small number" of fans had been sent pre-ordered DVDs three weeks early.
It asked those with the DVD not to reveal plot details which would ruin the "viewing pleasure" of others.
It promised footage of current Doctor Matt Smith with predecessor David Tennant "if everyone keeps the secret".
"A small number of US Doctor Who fans have received their series seven part two DVD three weeks early," BBC Worldwide said in a statement.
"We are asking fans who may have the discs not to divulge plot details so that fellow fans who have yet to see the episodes do not have their viewing pleasure ruined."
It said BBC Worldwide was "currently investigating how this has happened".
It added executive producer and lead writer Steven Moffat had promised the special video featuring Smith and Tennant if the secret was kept.
Saturday's episode of the BBC One show, The Name of the Doctor - written by Moffat - comes ahead of a 50th anniversary 3D special, due to air on 23 November.
Tennant and Billie Piper, who played his on-screen companion Rose Tyler, are among those who will guest star.
Tennant starred in Doctor Who from 2005 to 2010, while Piper first appeared in 2005 opposite Christopher Eccleston, who played the ninth Doctor.
In May 2011, Moffat criticised those "who call themselves fans" who revealed crucial plot lines ahead of transmission.
"You can imagine how much I hate them," he told BBC Radio 5 live.
"I wish they could go and be fans of something else."
He said it was "heartbreaking" when a fan, who had been invited to a press screening but asked not to give away spoilers, had posted the entire plot of two episodes on an internet forum "because you're trying to tell stories and stories depend on surprise".
"So to have some twit who came to a press launch, write up a story in the worst, most ham-fisted English you can imagine, and put it on the internet [is heartbreaking]."
The 50th anniversary of Doctor Who was marked at Sunday night's TV Baftas with a video montage while Jenna-Louise Coleman, who...

Summary: US Doctor Who fans are being urged to keep the plot of Saturday's finale secret after DVDs of the series were sent out early in error.
###
Article: Toby Perkins, who is leading Liz Kendall's leadership campaign, said it suggested a "paucity of intellectual argument" on behalf of Ms Goodman.
Labour needed a serious debate about its future direction, he said.
Ms Cooper, Ms Kendall, Jeremy Corbyn and Andy Burnham are all vying to become Ed Miliband's successor.
The winner of the contest will be announced on 12 September, ahead of the party's autumn conference.
In an article for Huffington Post, Ms Goodman, shadow media minister and Bishop Auckland MP, set out why she would be supporting Yvette Cooper's candidacy.
She said that being a parent to two children was "much more important" than her political career.
"That's why I'm backing Yvette Cooper to be the next Leader of the Labour Party. As a working mum, she understands the pressures on modern family life," she wrote.
Ms Goodman added: "We need a leader who knows what challenges ordinary people face day to day, and who is committed to helping them."
Asked about her comments Mr Perkins told BBC2's Daily Politics programme he was "disappointed" by the article.
"The idea that you say 'because one of the candidates is a mother they are the one that you should back' suggests a paucity of intellectual argument that the Labour Party really should have moved beyond," he said.
Mr Perkins said Labour suffered its worst electoral performance since 1983 at the general election.
The idea that the party could "go back to the electorate with the same programme but get a different outcome is intellectually bankrupt".

Summary: Helen Goodman's decision to back Yvette Cooper as the next Labour leader because she is a "working mum" has been criticised by a rival's campaign chief.
###
Article: The preliminary Caixin manufacturing purchasing managers' index (PMI) fell to 47 in September, below forecasts of 47.5 and down from 47.3 in August.
A reading below 50 indicates contraction in the sector, while one above shows expansion.
The Shanghai Composite dropped 2.2% to 3,115.89 on the disappointing data.
The private survey also marked the seventh consecutive month of contraction in the sector.
In Hong Kong, the Hang Seng index closed down 2.3% at 21,302.91.
Japanese markets are closed for a three-day public holiday and will reopen on Thursday.
In Australia, shares in mining companies were hit by falling commodity prices.
Oil prices continued to decline after US crude fell 2% overnight on global growth concerns, while copper prices slipped further on slowing Chinese demand.
Sydney's S&P/ASX 200 index closed down 2.1% at 4,998.10.
In South Korea, the Kospi index ended 1.9% lower at 1,944.64 following the release of the data from China.

Summary:


The AI system was developed by the National Institute of Technology, a company that has been working on the development of the AI system.
The AI system was developed by the National Institute of Technology, a company that has been working on the development of the AI system.
The AI system was developed by the National Institute of

Scientists at Oxford University have developed a machine that can lip-read better than humans.

Article: Widow Una Crown was found in her Magazine Lane home in Wisbech on 13 January. She had been stabbed and her body was burned.
A 58-year-old man was arrested in Wisbech earlier this week on suspicion of murder.
He has been released on bail pending further inquiries.
Mrs Crown was last seen alive on the morning of 11 January, but had spoken to a friend by telephone on the afternoon of the following day.

Summary: A man arrested on suspicion of murdering an 86-year-old woman found stabbed to death in her Cambridgeshire home has been released on bail.
###
Article: New forensic analysis on the teeth of the unidentified "Isdal woman" found chemical traces which may tell investigators where she grew up.
The results narrow the search to an area along the French-German border.
The case received fresh impetus after journalists from Norway's national broadcaster NRK began an inquiry.
The NRK team, which has been researching the case for over a year, hailed the new information as a "major breakthrough".
And a scientist at the Norwegian Criminal Investigation Service (Kripos) said the results were "much more specific than I could have dreamed of".
The unusual circumstances surrounding the case, and speculation over her mysterious past, have made it an enduring popular mystery for 46 years.
Someone had cut the labels off her clothes, and scraped distinctive marks off her belongings - as if to stop her from being identified.
And as police started investigating her death, they uncovered a trail of coded messages, disguises, and fake identities - but never cracked the case.
Forty-six years later, Norwegian police and NRK journalists have decided to reopen the investigation.
This is the story of the Isdal Woman - and the perplexing trail of clues she left behind.
NRK's investigation discovered the Isdal woman's jaw had been preserved in a forensic archive - opening up the chance that modern scientific methods could reveal more about her origins.
Investigators at Kripos and University of Bergen started an isotope analysis on her teeth - looking at the chemical "signature" left as her teeth were being formed.
It is the first time Norwegian police have used the technique - but the findings have been so specific they may now make it much easier to find people who knew the woman.
"It's actually quite a narrowed-down area that she most probably originated from," associate professor Jurian Hoogewerff at the University of Canberra in Australia - an expert in the technique - told NRK (in Norwegian).
Past analysis of her DNA and handwriting has already suggested the Isdal woman may have come...

Summary: Scientists believe they may have made a major breakthrough in efforts to solve a decades-long mystery of a burned body found in Norway 1970.
###
Article: Great Yarmouth and Gorleston lifeboats were called to reports of a man, 22, in a dinghy near Britannia Pier, Great Yarmouth on Thursday afternoon.
He did not have any paddles when he was found. He was taken to Gorleston.
Lifeboat crews said it was a "prank gone wrong", and Coxswain Paddy Lee added: "He is a very lucky man".
"This could have easily been a different outcome. He was being blown offshore into wind farm traffic and shipping lanes.
"The dinghy was losing air. The sea is still very cold," he said.

Summary: A man who was pushed out to sea in a dinghy for a joke by his friends and then carried off by strong winds has been rescued by lifeboat crews.
###
Article: HM Inspectorate of Prisons found evidence of bullying at HMP Moorland, and "limited provision for the third of prisoners who were sex offenders".
A report said it had made progress since 2010, when there were riots, but "there remained much to do".
Serco is expected to take over management of the prison this year.
Inspectors said Moorland had faced "considerable change and uncertainty" over the last three years.
In November 2010 parts of the prison were damaged during three days of rioting. The facility was then expanded in 2011, which the report said was "followed by the introduction of over 300 sex offenders and 250 foreign national prisoners".
Moorland is part of a cluster of South Yorkshire prisons - along with Hatfield and Lindholme - due to transfer into the private sector this year.
"With the high number of sex offenders, the lack of any sex offender treatment programmes was a serious concern," the report said.
It added that not enough priority was given to learning, skills and work, while 35-40% of prisoners "were unemployed or failed to attend their place of work or learning".
Chief Inspector of Prisons Nick Hardwick said: "We found that Moorland had made some progress and was dealing with considerable uncertainties. That said, the pace of progress was disappointing and there remained much to do, some of it fundamental.
"The need to deal with these problems, and improve outcomes for prisoners, should not be lost in the transit to the private sector."
Andrew Neilson from the Howard League for Penal Reform said: "Moorland is still a dangerous and intimidating place. Almost a fifth of prisoners feel unsafe and there are high levels of victimisation and bullying.
"Perhaps most concerning is the fact that, although one in three prisoners at Moorland has been convicted of a sexual offence, the prison failed to offer a single course designed to tackle that behaviour."
Moorland Prison is 10 miles from the centre of Doncaster, and is a category C training prison with a capacity for 1,006 inmates, including...

Summary: An unannounced inspection of a South Yorkshire prison has led to "serious concerns" over its handling of sex offenders.
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Article: The artificial intelligence system - LipNet - watches video of a person speaking and matches the text to the movement of their mouths with 93% accuracy, the researchers said.
Automating the process could help millions, they suggested.
But experts said the system needed to be tested in real-life situations.
Lip-reading is a notoriously tricky business with professionals only able to decipher what someone is saying up to 60% of the time.
"Machine lip-readers have enormous potential, with applications in improved hearing aids, silent dictation in public spaces, covert conversations, speech recognition in noisy environments, biometric identification and silent-movie processing," wrote the researchers.
They said that the AI system was provided with whole sentences so that it could teach itself which letter corresponded to which lip movement.
To train the AI, the team - from Oxford University's AI lab - fed it nearly 29,000 videos, labelled with the correct text. Each video was three seconds long and followed a similar grammatical pattern.
While human testers given similar videos had an error rate of 47.7%, the AI had one of just 6.6%.
The fact that the AI learned from specialist training videos led some on Twitter to criticise the research.
Writing in OpenReview, Neil Lawrence pointed out that the videos had "limited vocabulary and a single syntax grammar".
"While it's promising to perform well on this data, it's not really groundbreaking. While the model may be able to read my lips better than a human, it can only do so when I say a meaningless list of words from a highly constrained vocabulary in a specific order," he writes.
The project was partially funded by Google's artificial intelligence firm DeepMind.

Summary:


Thirty homes had to be evacuated after a gas pipe was damaged in a fire that was started deliberately.

Article: The state department says the agency supports or participates in a programme of coercive abortion or involuntary sterilisation in China.
But the UNFPA says this is an "erroneous claim", and that its work does not break any US laws.
In total $32.5m (Â£26m) in funds will be withdrawn for the 2017 financial year.
This is the first of the promised cuts to US financial contributions to the UN by the Trump administration.
Saving Mosul's mothers-to-be
The UNFPA, like other UN agencies, is funded by governments voluntarily.
In 2015, it received $979m in donations, with the US being its fourth-largest donor.
Earlier this year, President Donald Trump reinstated a ban on US funding of any international organisation that provided any kind of abortion service or advice.
The state department referred to the presidential directive from January and a provision called the Kemp-Kasten Amendment in its statement on Monday.
"This determination was made based on the fact that China's family planning policies still involve the use of coercive abortion and involuntary sterilisation, and UNFPA partners on family planning activities with the Chinese government agency responsible for these coercive policies," the state department said.
The UNFPA calls those claims "erroneous" and says that "all of its work promotes the rights of individuals and couples to make their own decisions, free of coercion or discrimination".
It says its programmes have saved the lives of tens of thousands of women. Its works include:
The UN Population Fund has often been the target of conservative Republican administrations, the BBC's Nada Tawfik in New York reports. Presidents Ronald Reagan, George HW Bush and George W Bush withheld funding for the same reason.
The money that had been allocated to the UNFPA for the fiscal year 2017 will be "transferred and reprogrammed to the Global Health Programs account," the state department said.
The account will be used by the US Agency for International Development (USAID) to support family planning, maternal and...

Summary: The US says it is withdrawing funding for the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), an agency that promotes family planning in more than 150 countries.
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Article: The move follows years of briefings by the police and security sources which said that while dissidents had a high level of intent to mount attacks outside Northern Ireland, they lacked the capacity or capability to do so.
That has now changed.
The Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI) warned earlier this year that dissidents have shown a range of capabilities over the past 18 months which they described as deeply concerning.
These include the use of home made bombs, referred to by the police as Improvised Explosive Devices, improvised rocket launchers, close quarter shootings, and under vehicle bombs.
While the government announces updates on threat levels, the assessment is made by the security service MI5, with input from the PSNI.
This recalibration of the threat level clearly suggests they believe dissidents are actively planning to exploit their increased capabilities by exporting them to Great Britain, and that they have the capacity to do so.
No organisation was named in a written statement about the increased threat level by Home Secretary Theresa May on Wednesday, but it is understood this assessment reflects concerns about the activities of the group widely referred to as the New IRA.
It was formed in the summer of 2012, from the amalgamation of a number of dissident organisations.
The group killed prison officer Adrian Ismay using an under car bomb in March.
In a statement to the BBC at the time it warned that further attacks would follow.
Increasing the threat level from "moderate" to "substantial" means the likelihood of an attack in Great Britain has gone up from "possible but not likely" to "a strong possibility".
It does not mean MI5 has intelligence which suggests that a dissident republican attack on a target in England, Scotland or Wales is about to take place some time soon.
If that was the case, the threat level would have been raised to "severe", which means an attack is regarded as "highly likely."
The threat level dissidents pose in Northern Ireland has been characterised as...

Summary: The escalation of the level of threat dissident republicans pose to potential targets in Great Britain means that the security service MI5 believes their capacity and capability has grown significantly.
###
Article: Peter Gill told the BBC that UK courts would not accept forensic tests whose details are kept secret due to commercial confidentiality issues.
He said this would prevent proper scrutiny of forensic techniques.
Professor Gill also warned the National DNA Database needed upgrades urgently.
And that without them, the UK resource would fall behind comparable systems used in other countries.
Late last year, the government said the Forensic Science Service would be wound up, adding that as many of its operations as possible were to be transferred or sold off.
The Home Office, the Association of Chief Police Officers (ACPO) and the National Policing Improvement Agency (NPIA) agreed to set up a working group to ensure a "smooth transition" as the Forensic Science Service (FSS) was wound down.
Now based at the University of Oslo, Norway, Peter Gill helped develop the DNA fingerprinting technique used widely by crime scene investigators - along with Sir Alec Jeffreys at the University of Leicester.
"Courts will not accept secret tests that have not been subject to rigorous peer review and challenge," Professor Gill has said in his submission to the House of Commons science committee's inquiry into the closure of the Forensic Science Service (FSS).
"The public will not accept sub-standard tests being used in any laboratory."
He added: "An exploratory framework is needed to discover whether laboratories are providing sub-standard results."
Professor Gill cited one recent court case where the judge criticised the FSS for using an internally developed "commercial in confidence" database.
"This case... demonstrates that a serious mismatch exists between the government's aspiration to privatise forensic science, versus the court requirement for openness, disclosure, and scientific peer review," said Professor Gill.
"It is easily demonstrated, therefore, that the framework to utilise forensic science in the UK, where the market is entirely privatised, is already fatally flawed."
The FSS analyses evidence from crime scenes in...

Summary: There is a serious mismatch between the government's aim to commercialise forensic science and the requirement of courts for openness, according to a top forensic expert.
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Article: British citizen Nicky Paul Mitchell claimed that being sent to the US would breach his human rights.
He argued that if found guilty, he could face indefinite detention as a sex offender and two decades in jail.
But two High Court judges rejected his case, two years after the US Department of Justice called for his extradition.
The allegations against Mr Mitchell relate to 2013 when he worked as a nanny to a family in Georgia with three children.
An undercover FBI officer used a peer-to-peer online network and observed that someone with the username Mitch287 had 897 files in a protected folder - containing images of boys exposing themselves or engaging in sexual acts.
In March 2014, after a federal grand jury hearing in Atlanta, Georgia, Mr Mitchell was accused of inter-state distribution of child pornography.
The charge does not involve allegations of "contact molestation" with any child, that court heard.
After the US requested his extradition to Atlanta in October 2014, Mr Mitchell was arrested in the UK and appeared before Westminster Magistrates' Court, which referred his case to the then home secretary Theresa May.
In April 2015, she agreed to the extradition.
Mr Mitchell appealed on the grounds that if convicted, he faced the risk of a civil commitment order under which he would face indefinite detention as a sex offender, as well as a lengthy prison sentence.
But Lord Justice Gross and Mr Justice Nicol rejected his claim and he now faces extradition.
Mr Justice Nicol said an assurance had been received from the US Department of Justice that Mr Mitchell, if found guilty, would be deported from America "as quickly as possible" on completing any prison sentence.

Summary: A nanny wanted in the US on a child pornography charge has lost a UK court fight against extradition.
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Article: Firefighters were called to the scene in Craigton Place, Winchburgh, at about 01:30 after a wheelie bin was set on fire.
The bin had been resting against the house, which caused the fire to take hold quickly.
Firefighters swiftly extinguished the blaze, when it was discovered that a gas pipe had been damaged in the fire.
Thirty homes in the area were evacuated, with 38 residents temporarily housed at a local community centre.
They were eventually allowed to return home at about 06:30.
'Young children'
Police are treating the blaze as wilful fire-raising and appealed for information about the West Lothian incident.
They are keen to trace anyone who may have seen someone in the area just before the bin was set alight.
Det Con Adrian Wallis said: "This was a serious incident which could have had devastating consequences.
"It also resulted in the evacuation of over 30 people, including young children and elderly residents. This caused much alarm and upset to those who had to leave their homes in the middle of the night.
"Anyone who saw anything suspicious at around 01:00, or has any other information regarding this incident, is asked to contact us immediately."

Summary:


Brazil's interim President Michel Temer has called an emergency meeting of state security ministers after a gang rape of a teenage girl in Rio de Janeiro triggered wide condemnation.

Article: The Londoner's role was announced on BBC One during half time of the FA Cup semi-final match between Everton and Manchester United.
Mackie, 28, replaces Jenna Coleman, whose character Clara Oswald left the show in 2015.
Filming for the next series of the long-running science fiction show will start this year but air in 2017.
Mackie, who graduated from Bristol Old Vic Theatre School in 2010, played Anne-Marie Frasier in Doctors in 2014 and is currently performing in the National Theatre's West End production of The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night Time.
"I'm incredibly excited to be joining the Doctor Who family," she said. "It's such an extraordinary British institution, I couldn't be prouder to call the Tardis my home."
She added: "Peter Capaldi is such a brilliant actor, and his Doctor is such a wacky and wonderful character, I can't wait to see what adventures are in store for him and Bill throughout time and space."
Mackie said her new character "Bill" was "wicked", describing her as "cool, strong, sharp, a little bit vulnerable with a bit of geekiness thrown in".
Capaldi said: "It is a genuine delight to welcome Pearl Mackie to Doctor Who. A fine, fine actress with a wonderful zest and charm, she's a refreshing addition to the Tardis and will bring a universe of exciting new possibilities to The Doctor's adventures."
Doctor Who, which was first shown in 1963, is heading for its 10th season since it was reintroduced to schedules in 2005 after a gap of nine years.
Coleman joined the show in 2012, and starred alongside two Doctors, Matt Smith and Capaldi, the 12th Doctor who joined in 2014.
She asked to be written out and left to take on the role of Queen Victoria in a major ITV drama series.
In January, it was announced that the head writer and executive producer of Doctor Who, Steven Moffat, was stepping down from the show.
The next series will be his last, after which he will be replaced by Broadchurch writer Chris Chibnall.

Summary: Pearl Mackie has been named as the new Doctor Who companion alongside Peter Capaldi's Time Lord in the Tardis.
###
Article: Anne Longfield says the current system can add to the trauma for children, with some facing hostile cross-examination by defence lawyers.
She wants to use "children's houses" - a system pioneered in Iceland - where complainants have a single interview.
She is due to meet with police and crime commissioners.
The children's house system, which is to be piloted in Greater London and County Durham, sees children testify to a trained psychotherapist while a judge, police, prosecution and defence lawyers watch via video link.
In Iceland, the single interview takes place in a children's house or "Barnahus", where it is used both by police to gather evidence, and prosecutors as witness testimony.
The house - one of which can be found in a quiet Reykjavik residential street - is where a child is taken within a week of an abuse allegation being made.
Bragi Gudbrandsson, the director of the Icelandic government's child protection agency, pioneered the Barnahus scheme, which began in 1998.
He said: "The basic idea is to ensure a child-friendly intervention in child sexual abuse cases with the aim of complying to the general principle of human rights.
"It's an environment that children are used to, familiar with, and is natural for them.
"We believe it can be harmful to take child victims to police stations because all children relate police stations to where people in conflict in the law are taken to.
"So we are really conveying a message to children by the place we are taking them to."
Inside the house, a specially trained interviewer asks questions, while other parties watch via a video link.
Any questions they have are fed through an earpiece to the interviewer.
Lawyers for the accused have to put all their questions at this point.
Ólöf Ásta Farestveit, who runs the Reykjavik Barnahus, says one benefit of the system is that children need only recount their ordeal once.
"If the parents have been asking them maybe two or three times, they get tired of answering the same questions so they say sometimes 'Ask Ma, she knows...

Summary: The children's commissioner for England will call for a radical rethink of the way children are interviewed in abuse cases, at a meeting later.
###
Article: The 22-year-old, who has not been named, was stuck by a black Audi A5 at about 04:10 GMT in Bramhall Moor Lane in Hazel Grove, Stockport.
He was taken to hospital where he died, police said.
A 29-year-old man has been arrested on suspicion of causing death by dangerous driving alongside his passenger, a 27-year-old woman.
The man has also been arrested on suspicion of driving while under the influence of alcohol.

Summary: A man and woman have been arrested after a man was killed in a suspected hit-and-run crash.
###
Article: They also provide the first direct evidence that there may be as much water trapped in those rocks as there is in all the oceans.
The diamond, from central-west Brazil, contains minerals that formed as deep as 600km down and that have significant amounts of water trapped within them.
Researchers have published their findings in the journal Nature.
The study suggests water may be stored deep in the interiors of many rocky planets.
Diamonds, brought to the Earth's surface in violent eruptions of deep volcanic rocks called kimberlites, provide a tantalising window into the deep Earth.
A research team led by Prof Graham Pearson of the University of Alberta, Canada, studied a diamond from a 100-million-year-old kimberlite found in Juina, Brazil, as part of a wider project.
They noticed that it contained a mineral, ringwoodite, that is only thought to form between 410km and 660km beneath the Earth's surface, showing just how deep some diamonds originate.
While ringwoodite has previously been found in meteorites, this is the first time a terrestrial ringwoodite has been seen. But more extraordinarily, the researchers found that the mineral contains about 1% water.
While this sounds like very little, because ringwoodite makes up almost all of this immense portion of the deep Earth, it adds up to a huge amount of deep water.
Dr Sally Gibson from the University of Cambridge, who was not involved in the work, commented: "Finding water in such large concentrations is a hugely significant development in our understanding of the ultimate origin of water now present at Earth's surface."
The observation is the first physical evidence that water can be stored in the deep interiors of planets and solves a 25-year-old controversy about whether the deep Earth is dry, wet, or wet in patches.
Discussing his findings, Prof Pearson told BBC News: "The discovery highlights the unique value of natural diamonds in trapping and preserving fragments of the deep Earth.
"It's incredible to think that, as you hold this sample in your hand,...

Summary: Minerals preserved in diamond have revealed hints of the bright blue rocks that exist deep within the Earth.
###
Article: He vowed to form a federal police unit to deal with violence against women.
The girl, 16, believes she was doped after going to her boyfriend's house last Saturday and says she woke up in a different house, surrounded by 30 men.
Hundreds of protesters on Friday demanded an end to sexual violence.
The video of the attack was put on social media, shocking Brazil.
Police are hunting more than 30 male suspects. Arrest warrants have been issued, including one for the boyfriend.
"I condemn most forcefully the rape of the teenager in Rio de Janeiro," Mr Temer said.
"It is absurd that in the 21st Century we should have to live with barbaric crimes such as this."
He said the authorities were working "to find those responsible" for the attack.
Rio police chief Fernando Veloso told a news conference that investigators will review forensic evidence.
"If these images hadn't been posted, maybe we wouldn't be here right now,'' he said, adding that many rapes go unreported.
The rape is said to have taken place in a poor community in western Rio over the weekend.
A 40-second-video was widely shared and followed by a wave of misogynistic comments, before the users' accounts were suspended.
In a message posted on Facebook, the victim said she was thankful for the support she had received and added: "I really thought I was going to be badly judged."
She later said: "All of us can go through this one day. It does not hurt the uterus but the soul because there are cruel people not being punished!! Thanks for the support."
The girl's grandmother told Brazilian media the family had watched the video and cried.
"I regretted watching it. When we heard the story we didn't believe what was happening. It's a great affliction. It's a depressing situation," she told Folha de S Paulo newspaper.
The assault has provoked an online campaign against what campaigners call a culture of rape in Brazil.
Experts say many cases of rape in Brazil go unreported as victims fear retaliation, shame, and blame for the violence they have suffered.
Hundreds...

Summary: