An Edinburgh taxi driver has created an exhibition and book from pictures he has taken of passengers in his cab.

Article: The party held three seats and won one from the Greens on Glasgow City Council. It also held another seat on South Lanarkshire Council.
Three of the by-elections were prompted by the resignation as councillors of newly elected SNP MPs.
The remaining two were the result of the resignation of an SNP and a Green councillor.
The five contests saw a repeat of the large swings to the SNP seen at the general election and in other recent council by-elections.
However, turnout in the latest polls was as low as 14.5% in one case and 16.1% in another.
In the poll in Glasgow's Langside ward, where the SNP won a seat from the Greens, first-preference voting was: SNP 2,134, Labour 932, Green 579, Conservative 379, Liberal Democrats 125, Ukip 65, TUSC 62.
The swing from Labour to the SNP was 13%. The Greens saw their vote share increase by 4.5 points but it was not enough to hold the seat they had won when three seats were contested in the ward in 2012. Turnout was 21.7%.
At Glasgow, Calton, the SNP held the council seat vacated by new MP Alison Thewliss with 1,507 first-preference votes against Labour 814, Conservative 129, Ukip 103, Green 99, Independent 47 and Lib Dems 18. The swing from Labour to the SNP was 25%, and turnout 16.1%.
At Glasgow, Anderston/City, formerly represented by new MP Martin Docherty, the SNP held the seat with 1,441 first-count votes against Labour 857, Green 414, Conservative 164, Lib Dem 66, Ukip 43, Libertarian 12. Swing from Labour to SNP was 20%, and turnout 14.5%
The SNP also held a seat at Glasgow, Craigton. First-preference voting was: SNP 2,674, Labour 1,643, Conservative 300, Green 136, Ukip 95, Lib Dem 87. Swing from Lab to SNP was 21.5%, and turnout 21.7%.
At South Lanarkshire, Hamilton South, the SNP held the seat vacated by Angela Crawley MP. First-preference voting was: SNP 1,881, Labour 1,396, Conservative 349, Green 127, Christian 77, Ukip 43, Lib Dem 32, Pirate 13. Swing from Labour to SNP was 16%, and turnout 26.8%.
Similarly large swings of 20% and 23% from Labour to the SNP...

Summary: The SNP is celebrating further success after winning in five council by-elections.
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Article: The city dropped from fifth place to 10th in the Good Growth for Cities Index.
The index was compiled by business advisers PwC and think-tank Demos.
It evaluated the performance of 42 UK cities against a number of categories selected to measure economic success and personal and family wellbeing.
These included jobs, health, income, skills, work-life balance, house affordability, commuting times, income equality and pollution.
Aberdeen was found to score well on jobs, skills and income but had below-average scores for income distribution, house prices to earnings and work-life balance.
Edinburgh maintained its position as the third-highest placed city, despite a below-average ranking for transport, while Glasgow fell from 24th to 29th place.
The city still outperformed Newcastle, Birmingham and Sheffield but had below average scores for health and owner-occupation.
While Inverness was not included in the main index and therefore not ranked, it was found to have performed particularly well. It saw above average results in measures including jobs, transport, skills, income distribution and environment.
The report found that Scottish cities overall scored particularly well on elements such as skills, jobs and income.
However, they were mostly around or below average in other areas, particularly health.
On that issue, the report said: "This may raise some questions about the different ways in which the health services are organised in the devolved administrations, the extent of relationship between health outcomes and inputs (e.g. spending) and the likely impact of welfare reform on those currently not participating in the workforce."
Paul Brewer, from PwC in Scotland, said: "It was only a few years ago that Aberdeen was ranked second in the report but has now slipped to 10th place as the impact of the reorganisation of the North Sea oil and gas industry takes effect.
"As our recent Sea Change report highlighted, there is still opportunity in the oil basin but the city also needs to continue to explore other...

Summary: Aberdeen has slipped down the rankings of the best UK cities in which to live and work as a result of the downturn in oil and gas, according to a new report.
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Article: Scientists at Newcastle University are trying to help women who are at risk of passing on serious genetic disorders to have a healthy child.
Last year the UK approved laws to permit the procedure, which involves using donor DNA from a second woman.
The study in Nature found the technique will lead to normal pregnancies.
The process, known as "early pronuclear transfer" involves removing the parents' key genetic material from an embryo within hours of fertilisation, leaving behind the woman's faulty mitochondria.
The parental DNA, which contains all the key genes responsible for character and appearance, is then transferred into a donor woman's embryo, which has its nucleus removed but contains healthy mitochondria.
Last year the UK became the first country to approve laws to permit the procedure.
A study involving more than 500 eggs from 64 donor women found that the new procedure did not adversely affect embryo development and significantly reduced the amount of faulty mitochondria being passed on.
Prof Doug Turnbull, director of the Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Disease at Newcastle University and a co-author of the study, said:  "This study using normal human eggs is a major advance in our work towards preventing transmission of mitochondrial DNA disease."
Prof Mary Herbert, also from the centre, added: "We are optimistic that the technique we have developed will offer affected women the possibility of reducing the risk of transmitting mitochondrial DNA to their children".
But the studies showed the technique was not always successful.  The amount of faulty mitochondrial DNA transferred during the procedure was less than 2%.
However, one in five of the stem cell lines created from the embryos showed an increase in carryover of defective DNA from the original embryo.
Prof Turnbull said: "Our studies on stem cells does express a cautionary note that it might not be 100% efficient in preventing transmission, but for many women who carry these mutations the risk is far less than conceiving...

Summary: The use of an IVF technique involving DNA from three people to create a baby has moved a step closer with a study that shows it is safe.
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Article: The five-Test series will begin in Brisbane on 26 November, with the day-night match taking place in Adelaide from 2 December.
The third Test will be in Perth - either at the Waca or the new Perth Stadium.
Melbourne and Sydney will host the traditional Boxing Day and New Year Tests respectively.
A five-match one-day international series will follow, starting on 14 January 2018.
A Twenty20 tri-series featuring the two sides and New Zealand begins in February, with three matches in Australia and four in New Zealand, including the final.
"We know how much Adelaide fans love this style of Test cricket," Cricket Australia chief executive James Sutherland said of the day-night match.
"We're expecting a full house next year in what is sure to be a great contest."
A statement from Cricket Australia explained it is working with the Western Australian Cricket Association and the Western Australia Government "on the possibility of hosting matches at Perth Stadium in 2017-18".
The Perth Stadium is a new 60,000-seater venue which has been planned as a multi-sport arena, also hosting rugby union and league, football and Australian Rules football (AFL). Its official website states that it will be open "for the start of the 2018 AFL season", which is likely to be March 2018.
23-27 Nov 1st Test, Brisbane
2-6 Dec 2nd Test, Adelaide (d/n)
14-18 Dec 3rd Test, Perth (venue TBC)
26-30 Dec 4th Test, Melbourne
4-8 Jan 5th Test, Sydney

Summary: England and Australia will meet in a day-night Test for the first time during the 2017-18 Ashes series.
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Article: Ryan Walls took pictures of 101 passengers during the Edinburgh Festival in 2015.
The 42-year-old said only two people refused out of the 103 people he asked due to being in a hurry and having a bad hair day.
Now the father-of-three's pictures will go on display at Out of the Blue Drill Hall, Dalmeny Street, in August.
Mr Walls told the BBC Scotland news website how he took photographs of a hen party, stag do, football fans, a chef, a high court judge and a TV agony aunt from Kuwait.
He said: "Everyone was so nice. One of the pictures is of a passenger who was in such a hurry that he couldn't wait for another taxi when I discovered the central locking system was broken so I had to pull him in and out of the taxi window.
"I also had an elderly former English teacher who had suddenly decided she wanted to go out to a show at the festival at the last minute and she had lots of words of encouragement for me so I really enjoyed chatting with her.
"I also got a Jambo fan and was worried I wasn't going to get a Hibs fan but luckily I did.
"I'm really interested in people and wanted to capture that moment in my cab, I only had seconds to take a few pictures and I'm really pleased with the end result."
The exhibition runs from 31 July until 5 August.

Summary:


A unique perspective on a landmark social event is to be unveiled as part of Nottingham's Caribbean Carnival.

Article: James Seevakumaran, 30, was found with explosives and firearms in his room at the University of Central Florida.
Officials said he pointed a gun at another student, who called the police, before pulling a fire alarm and shooting himself.
Hundreds of students were evacuated early on Monday but classes were held after the explosives were removed.
The incident occurred as the US holds an emotionally charged debate about how to curb its gun violence epidemic.
At a news conference on Monday, authorities said writings found in his dorm room suggested Seevakumaran was planning a massacre on the scale of the horrific US school and university shootings of recent years.
Campus Police Chief Richard Beary said he believed Seevakumaran shot himself as police answered the emergency call shortly after midnight on Monday.
"His timeline got off," Chief Beary said. "We think the rapid response of law enforcement may have changed his ability to think quickly on his feet."
Four explosive devices were found in a back pack, the police chief added.
Investigators think Seevakumaran may have triggered a fire alarm in the building in order to push students outside into the open so he could massacre them, Chief Beary said.
His roommates told investigators he had at times been anti-social but had not displayed violent tendencies.
But a spokesman said the university, based in Orlando, had been in the process of removing him from his dorm after he failed to register for classes.

Summary: A US university student may have been planning a massacre before he killed himself instead, authorities have said.
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Article: He told the BBC that he had not seen another situation in Washington where "compromise" seemed so far away.
Mr Greenspan confessed to sympathies with the aims of the Tea Party, the Republican faction that fought the government during debt ceiling talks.
But the former central banker said the movement's tactics were "undemocratic".
Mr Greenspan, the most powerful figure in economic policy when he ran the Fed between 1987 to 2006, spoke to the BBC's Evan Davis ahead of publication of his new book, The Map and the Territory.
In a wide-ranging interview to be broadcast on Radio 4's Today programme and the World Service's Business Daily, the former Fed chief had strong words for those who thought the eurozone crisis was over.
The crisis is likely to continue until the eurozone sees "consolidation politically. I think that's where we are going".
He said: "The culture of Greece is not the same as the culture of Germany, and to fuse them into a single unit is extremely difficult.
"The only way you can do it is by political union, like with East and West Germany, and even that is not working as well as it should be."
But he was optimistic about the UK's attempt to revive its economy.
"What Britain has done with its austerity programme has worked much better than I thought it would," Mr Greenspan said.
"As far as I can judge, it [the economy] is coming out pretty much the way they [the coalition government] had expected."
Mr Greenspan also defended his record at the Fed against criticism that easy-credit policies and light-touch regulation had contributed substantially to the 2008 financial crash. He also declined to criticise the financial derivatives market.
He said: "One thing that shocked me is that not only did the Federal Reserve's very sophisticated model completely miss (the crash on) September 15th, 2008, but so did the IMF, so did JP Morgan, which was forecasting American economic growth three days before the crisis hit, going up all through 2009 and 2010."
There is a difference between predicting economic...

Summary: Former US Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan has said that a repeat of the crisis that brought the country close to default is "perfectly conceivable".
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Article: The trust has identified nine sites suitable for snorkelling which also have environments rich in marine life.
The locations include Tanera Mor in the Summer Isles, Camusnagaul and Achmelvich Bay.
SWT said marine life that could be seen at the sites included dogfish, barrel jellyfish and sea urchins.
The trail project, which forms part of the trust's Living Seas programme, has received funding from the EsmÃ©e Fairbairn Foundation.
Noel Hawkins, Living Seas communities officer, said: "The coast of Wester Ross and Sutherland features some fantastic sheltered headlands and beaches that are great places for snorkelling.
"The new trail is self-led, but we are hoping to establish a training programme for local people to become qualified snorkel instructors, and also a snorkel club at the local leisure centre to introduce younger members of the community to snorkelling and their local marine environment."
Lizzie Bird, of the British Sub Aqua Club, added: "Lots of people might think it's too cold to snorkel in Scotland but the colours and life under the surface in places like the north west coast are up there with the coral reefs you can find abroad."
The launch of the trail has been welcomed by Tourism Secretary Fiona Hyslop.
She said: "Scotland's coast boasts some of the UK's richest spots for marine wildlife, which is why nearly half of the visitors surveyed come to Scotland for our scenery and landscape.
"The snorkel trail is an innovative approach to marine and coastal planning that encourages use of existing infrastructure to help tourism diversification like this."

Summary: What has been described as Scotland's first snorkel trail has been created in the north west Highlands by the Scottish Wildlife Trust (SWT).
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Article: The proposal is part of a wider-ranging European Commission initiative for a "digital single market".
The regulator says it wants to boost the use of online goods and services by introducing new rules.
But the technology industry has warned that some of the suggested changes could undermine that goal.
The measure affecting internet catch-up services would become possible thanks to a pledge to reduce the differences between national copyright laws.
"The Commission wants to ensure that users who buy films, music or articles at home can also enjoy them while travelling across Europe," it said in a statement.
"The Commission will also look at the role of online intermediaries in relation to copyright-protected works.
"[And there will be] a review of the Satellite and Cable Directive to assess if its scope needs to be enlarged to broadcasters' online transmissions and to explore how to boost cross-border access to broadcasters' services in Europe," the Commission added.
The BBC confirmed it would look into the possibility of easing its iPlayer restrictions.
"We note the Commission's interest in making services more portable to UK users while temporarily travelling in Europe, and will begin work to look at the technical and legislative implications," said a spokesman.
As part of its wider plan, the Commission also announced it had launched a new anti-trust competition inquiry into the 28-nation bloc's e-commerce sector.
It said it wanted to tackle anti-competitive measures taken by retailers and manufacturers that prevented customers in one country from buying electronics, clothing, shoes and other goods from online stores available elsewhere in the EU.
In particular, the regulator said it wanted to see an end to "unjustified geo-blocking".
This is a measure that either denies a user access to a site based on their location or re-routes them to a related store that features different prices.
The Commission highlighted instances of car rental companies using the practice to charge different countries' citizens...

Summary: EU officials want the public to be able to continue using catch-up services, such as the BBC's iPlayer and Sky's Now TV, as they travel across Europe.
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Article: SKN Heritage Museum is showing the type of belongings brought by African-Caribbean immigrants in the 1940s and 50s.
The Windrush generation responded to adverts to work in Britain but were only allowed to bring one suitcase.
Organisers said the display gives a unique insight into important part of Nottingham's history.
The Windrush was named after the first boat which brought people from the Caribbean to Britain in 1948.
The exhibition, called 'From Caribbean Isles to the British Isles -Home to Home', aims to give an insight into people who travelled across the Atlantic to seek a better life in what was still the Empire's "mother country".
Item include photographs, clothes, records and games - as well as beauty products designed for black skin and hair when none were commercially available.
Catherine Ross, the museum's founder, cameto Nottingham from St Kitts when she was just seven years old.
She said: "Our aim is to let everyone know about the contributions that Caribbeans have made to British society and Nottingham and commemorate these achievements.
"There'sno better place tostart than Nottingham Carnival, as it's such awell known and celebratory event in Nottingham's calendar."
The carnival is taking place for the first time take in two sites - the Forest Recreation Ground on Saturday and the Victoria Embankment on Sunday.

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A public spending watchdog has published "serious concerns" over the financial control of East Dunbartonshire Council.

Article: Under the headline DO NOT PUB Kirk Douglas Dies, the magazine accidentally posted a pre-written tribute to the actor, who turns 98 this month.
The post listed details about Douglas's life and career spanning six decades, including his 1956 Vincent Van Gogh biopic Lust for Life.
The obituary, which sparked reaction on Twitter, has been removed.
It is unclear whether the tribute, which had a date stamp of 29 September, had been online for two months.
It read: "Kirk Douglas, one of the few genuine box-office names to emerge just as TV was overtaking American culture in the years right after World War II, died TK TK TK. He was 97 (DOB 12/9/1916) and had been in good health despite having suffered a debilitating 1996 stroke that rendered his speech difficult."
Douglas starred in his first movie in 1946 - the classic film noir The Strange Love of Martha Ivers.
His other films include Gunfight at the OK Corral, Lonely Are the Brave and Cast a Giant Shadow.
The actor has received three Oscar nominations during his career, for Lust for Life, The Bad and the Beautiful and Champion.
Although he never won, Steven Spielberg presented him with an honorary Academy award in 1996.
It is common for media outlets to write obituaries of celebrities or important figures in advance.
In 2008, Bloomberg made a similar mistake when it reported Apple co-founder Steve Jobs had died, three years before his actual death in 2011.
People has yet to comment on its Douglas error.

Summary: Kirk Douglas is alive and well, despite his obituary being published online by People magazine on Sunday.
###
Article: It found a steady rise in the proportion of overweight children in England in 1994-2003, but in the past decade it has remained at about 30%.
The King's College London researchers add obesity rates among 11- to 15-year-olds are still rising, however.
And Public Health England said there was no room for complacency.
Experts believe that being significantly overweight is responsible for a wide range of health problems such as heart disease, type 2 diabetes, some cancers and infertility.
The number of obese people in the UK has more than trebled in the past 25 years.
Obesity levels among children have also been rising during this period. One in three children in the UK is now overweight, while one in five is obese.
But data from other sources had previously suggested that childhood obesity levels were now starting to plateau or even fall slightly.
This study, published in the Archives of Disease in Childhood, used GPs' electronic health records in England to monitor trends over 20 years.
Weight, height and body mass index (BMI) measurements for more than 370,000 children from 1994 to 2013 were analysed.
The findings show that the rate of growth of overweight and obesity levels, which was 8% each year up to 2003, has slowed substantially in the past 10 years, to 0.4%.
Trends were similar for both boys and girls, but differed by age group.
Overweight and obesity levels among two- to five-year-olds stayed relatively stable at 25% for boys and 23% for girls between 2003 and 2013.
In six- to 10-year-old girls and boys, about 30% were overweight or obese during that time.
The highest figures were seen in 11- to 15-year-olds, where overweight and obesity levels ranged from about 26% in 1996 to 35% in 2003.
Among this group, overweight and obesity levels have continued to rise - to 37% - in the past decade.
The study defined overweight as equivalent to a BMI (body mass index) at or above the 85th centile and obesity as above the 95th centile.
Dr Cornelia van Jaarsveld, from the department of primary care and public...

Summary: The rise in childhood obesity, which has left one in three children overweight, may be beginning to level off in the under-10s, a study suggests.
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Article: If the amendment had been passed, children between 16 and 18 years of age could have been tried as adults.
They could have faced the same sentences as adults, and been sent to adult jails, for serious crimes.
The bill's supporters argued that it would have acted as a deterrent.
They said that under the current system, teenagers who have committed serious crimes often only serve short sentences.
Opponents however said the bill would have had "disastrous consequences", with young people put at risk in Brazil's overcrowded and dangerous adult prisons.
Justice Minister Eduardo Cardozo called the proposal an "atomic bomb" for the prison system.
He also said that some Brazilian jails were "veritable crime schools" where young people would be negatively influenced by hardened criminals.
A majority of members of the lower house voted in favour of the move, but they were five short of the number of votes needed to pass the bill.
The bill had been amended to restrict the age reduction to only the most serious crimes, such as murder and rape.
The original bill, which seeks to lower the age at which youngsters can be prosecuted as adults for all crimes, still has to be voted on.
However, some of the lawmakers who supported trying 16- to 18-year-olds as adults for the most serious crimes said they would not do so for all crimes.
The original bill therefore looks unlikely to gain more votes than the amended version.

Summary: The lower house of the Brazilian Congress has narrowly rejected a proposed amendment to the constitution that sought to lower the age of criminal responsibility.
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Article: Could it be a topic that persuades undecided voters on polling day?
Always an emotive issue, religious slaughter has become an unexpected political battleground as the general election approaches.
Animal rights campaigners have long called for a ban on halal or shechita slaughter, which amongst other requirements specify slitting an animal's throat quickly with a sharp knife while it is still conscious.
The British Veterinary Association, the RSPCA, Compassion in World Farming and the National Secular Society all want to see an end to the religious slaughter of animals or to slaughter without pre-stunning.
However, in the run-up to the general election, opposition to those methods of slaughter would also seem to have become dog whistle politics: shorthand for targeting a specific religious minority - Muslims - without saying as much.
UKIP last week said it would ban all slaughter methods that didn't involve pre-stunning - causing controversy amongst British Muslims and Jews, some of whom warned that any such ban would in effect drive those who observe religious dietary laws out of the UK.
For many of the UK's almost three million Muslims, halal slaughter is a strict religious requirement, as is eating kosher for many of the UK's 300,000 Jews.
According to the Halal Authority Board, there is a strong strand of religious opinion that livestock should not be stunned before slaughter, but others feel that light stunning is permissible.
Its standards permit both types of slaughter, and dictate a number of requirements regarding animal welfare for both.
"If followed properly, both unstunned and stunned are extremely humane forms of slaughter and the evidence to suggest otherwise is completely wrong," according to its head of certification, Shaykh Tauqir Ishaq.
"Being cruel to animals is a sin in Islam, and we do not permit any form of cruelty in abattoirs certified by us.
"The discomfort and pain experienced by any animal should be absolutely minimised if not eliminated, and our standards reflect such...

Summary: It's a passionate conflict - animal welfare campaigners opposing the slaughter practices of religious minorities.
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Article: The Accounts Commission said there was a risk services could not be maintained without improvements in the way the council was run.
But the report recognised that the council delivered good services at the moment.
The authority needs to save Â£22.3m - 10% of its budget - by 2017/18.
On top of that, council reserves are low and are projected to fall further, the report said.
The Accounts Commission is the public spending watchdog for local government in Scotland.
In its report, the commission said the council urgently needed "clearer priorities" in its transformation programme to ensure key projects were completed and savings made.
The report recognised the council's "commitment to improvement", but added that it was concerned about the pace of those improvements.
Deficiencies highlighted by the commission included financial control and management of resources.
The chairman of the commission, Douglas Sinclair, said: "There is a gap between the council's ambition and seeing evidence of that on the ground. This is what East Dunbartonshire needs to address if it is to continue to deliver good quality services in the future."

Summary:


Finding Dory has clung on to the top spot in the UK box office - despite the threat from nearest rival Bad Moms.

Article: Sir Iain Lobban will leave later this year, after six years as director.
The Foreign Office said Sir Iain, 53, was doing "outstanding job" and his departure was "planned".
Officials denied the move was linked to controversy over GCHQ and its US counterpart, the NSA, sparked by disclosures from former US intelligence contractor Edward Snowden.
Sir Iain, who first joined GCHQ in 1983, became director in June 2008.
"Today is simply about starting the process of ensuring we have a suitable successor in place before he moves on as planned at the end of the year," a Foreign Office spokesman said.
ln November, Sir Iain became the first head of the agency to give evidence in public when he appeared before MPs on the Intelligence and Security Committee, alongside the heads of MI5 and MI6.
They came under pressure to be more open after leaks by Mr Snowden revealed widespread spying by GCHQ and the US National Security Agency.
Sir Iain told the committee Mr Snowden's disclosures had done immense damage to Britain's counter-terrorism efforts.
MPs asked Sir Iain why he felt it was necessary to "collect information on the majority of the public in order to protect us from a minority of evildoers".
He said GCHQ did not spend its time "listening to the telephone calls or reading the emails of the majority" of the public.

Summary: The head of GCHQ - Britain's electronic intelligence gathering agency - is to step down, the Foreign Office has said.
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Article: A questionnaire filled in by 1,048 young people attending a TV debate in Glasgow found 97% of them thought fees was the most important issue to them.
But the economy (94%), currency (88%), welfare (88%) and pensions (84%) also scored highly.
About 7,500 first time voters attended the BBC's Big Big Debate special.
They were asked to fill in the six-question form ahead of the SSE Hydro arena recording which is to be broadcast on BBC One Scotland at 21:00.
Just over one thousand young people responded with their views on what issues were important to them; where they get their news about the referendum and whether they were likely to go to the ballot box on Thursday, 18 September.
For the first time in the UK, 16 and 17-year-olds in Scotland - the majority of whom attend high school - can vote.
Along with the rest of the electorate in Scotland, they will be asked the "Yes/No" question: "Should Scotland be an independent country?"
Dr Jan Eichhorn, from Edinburgh University's School of Social and Political Science, said he was not surprised students saw tuition fees as the most important issue.
He explained: "Tuition fees for a lot of young people are obviously the thing that is most relevant to them, just like for the older part of the population, pensions would be regarded as more important.
"But there's a tendency they'll tick things they think are really important in the debate but might not necessarily move them to 'yes' or 'no'."
Dr Eichhorn conducted two surveys of 1,000 young adults and their parents in 2013 and 2014.
The high ranking of the less likely young people's topics of pensions and welfare was also found in his own research.
Most students who responded to the questionnaire, which was web based and conducted over the last 10 days, said they got their information about the referendum from TV, social media, friends and family.
The six multiple choice questions on the web form asked students the following....
The questionnaire was sent to students who attended the debate.
It was filled in anonymously...

Summary: Tuition fees is a key issue for 16 and 17-year-olds as they consider what way they should vote in next week's Scottish independence referendum.
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Article: The road at junction 41 westbound was closed from 07:00 to 09:00 BST and 16:00 to 18:00 weekdays for a six-month trial, which started last August.
The junction will now be reopened, but a consultation on its future will continue.
Steve Garvey, president of Port Talbot Chamber of Trade, said the trial closure had "decimated" businesses.
He said: "There has been a 20% fall in trade across the board. There has been a huge impact on the footfall since August.
"A couple of stalwarts of the chamber of trade have gone since this came in.
"A ladies accessories business and another T-shirt business have both been lost since August.
"We can't say it was exactly down to the closure, but it will certainly have contributed. Most cafes used to be open until 5pm, but many are closing earlier now.
"The biggest problem we have had is the working day went from 9-5 to 9-3 as the traffic was so congested people left early to avoid the backlog.
"Simply, it meant people were around for two hours less. We are just really relieved it's going to be open again."
Announcing the on-slip road was to reopen, Transport Minister Edwina Hart said: "The final report into the trial closure confirms the primary measure - the overall balance of monetised journey time benefit for the westbound M4 and local roads routes - is Â£180,000 per annum.
"On this basis the trial has demonstrated a benefit to the M4 without overall dis-benefit to the local road network.
"The report also states that car parking, footfall, queue lengths and air quality did not show any significant impact attributable to the trial closure."

Summary: Businesses in Port Talbot have seen a 20% fall in trade since the closure of a M4 slip road, it has been claimed.
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Article: But Amelia Womack told BBC Wales' Sunday Politics Wales programme the party would be looking to Westminster when it came to the fees of Welsh students studying outside Wales.
Students from Wales currently pay £3,810 towards their tuition fees each year, wherever they study in the UK.
The Welsh Government pays the rest.
This can be up to £5,190 a year.
When asked what would happen to Welsh students who want to study elsewhere in the UK, Ms Womack said: "It would be fantastic to help them, but the reality is if we could push that on from a Westminster perspective of free education, that's something we stood for in the General Election.... We need to be able to afford it."
When asked whether these students would be on their own, Ms Womack said: "We want to be able to give that free education elsewhere, but the reality is we cannot do that in a five-year process.
"So although there is that ambition, we realise the constraints of where we are at the moment.... It is a future ambition, but these are our first steps of what we believe we can achieve in these first five years."
Asked about the cost of paying the tuition fees of Welsh students who study in Wales, Ms Womack said her party's manifesto would be out on Tuesday.
Welsh Labour has ruled out means testing for university tuition fee grants in future, if they retain power.
The Welsh Conservatives have said they would scrap tuition fee subsidies and pay half of students' rent instead.
Plaid Cymru would also scrap the grants, and instead pay Welsh students working in Wales after graduation £6,000 a year, up to a maximum of £18,000.
The Welsh Liberal Democrats' policy is to replace tuition fee subsidies with maintenance grants, while UKIP says it would like to cut tuition fees.

Summary: Welsh students studying in Wales would not have to pay tuition fees if the Green Party wins power in the assembly election, its deputy leader has said.
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Article: The adult comedy, starring Mila Kunis and Kristen Bell, took £1.47m in its first week, falling just behind the animated Pixar film.
Finding Dory took another £1.51m, bringing its total UK takings so far to £35.8m.
Suicide Squad dropped one place to third, with takings of £1.27m, followed by new entry War Dogs.
The comedy drama, starring Jonah Hill and Miles Teller, is based on the true story of two men in their 20s who won a contract to arm America's allies in Afghanistan.
The top 10 also saw a new entry for horror film The Purge: Election Year, which took £807,803 in its first week.
Mechanic: Resurrection, a thriller starring Jason Statham, debuted at number 10, with a total of £508,715.
Jason Bourne is in the charts for a sixth week, taking £732,632 and the number six spot this week, with The BFG following in seventh place with £658,840.
Lights Out - another horror film - took £558,167 in its second week of release and is in eighth place, with David Brent: Life on the Road at number nine with £508,762.
Follow us on Twitter @BBCNewsEnts, on Instagram, or if you have a story suggestion email entertainment.news@bbc.co.uk.

Summary:


North Korean scientists have invented a hangover-free alcohol, according to the Pyongyang Times.

Article: The high-throughput platform should provide customers with superior connections at a lower cost.
Designated Intelsat 29e, it will sit at 50 degrees west, and deliver services to the Americas and the North Atlantic aeroplane and shipping routes.
At least six more Epic spacecraft will follow, to cover other regions and to provide back-up.
Commentators and analysts see the success of the fleet as critical to the fortunes of Intelsat, which is based in McLean, Virginia, and is battling to hold its ground in a fiercely competitive market.
At 6.5 tonnes, Intelsat 29e is a heavyweight "bird", and was the only passenger on its Ariane launch rocket, a vehicle that normally puts up two platforms at once.
All the major commercial satellite operators are in the midst of introducing next-generation systems.
The 29e has substantially enhanced capability compared with Intelsat's previous spacecraft, delivering a throughput of 25 gigabits per second.
Stephen Spengleris is the CEO of Intelsat: "Intelsat 29e is the first of our Intelsat Epic high-throughput satellites. Its entry into service starts the first phase of establishing a high-performance overlay for our global fleet. And more importantly, it allows us, our partners and our customers, to deliver broadband services that will impact the lives of millions of people around the world."
The satellite will be used for all manner of data connections, from broadband access in remote areas to machine-to-machine communications - the so-called "Internet of Things". Media companies will use Epic to transmit video channels, and telcos will route backhaul traffic through 29e from their cellphone networks.
Special antennas are being developed that will allow even motor cars to talk to the Epic system.
But two key areas of business will be the aeronautical and maritime sectors. Providing connectivity to planes so that passengers can surf in their seats has become a booming business.
The footprint of 29e will cover the region of the North Atlantic with the densest traffic.
Panasonic...

Summary: Commercial satellite giant Intelsat has launched the first of its new Epic telecommunications spacecraft.
###
Article: The National College for Teaching and Leadership panel was told children at Tollgate Primary School in Bury St Edmunds could regularly be heard "shouting or crying" from the rooms.
Alison Earl admitted leaving children in the rooms, but denied it was for an "inappropriate" amount of time.
The education secretary is to rule on what disciplinary action she will face.
The hearing heard, under Mrs Earl's leadership, staff would put children into solitary confinement for bad behaviour.
It was heard staff would hold the handle from outside so children could not get out.
The handle was then moved higher up the door so the children could not reach it, the panel was told.
In summer 2015, a second room, known as the "blue room", was created.
It was about 2m (7ft) by 1.5m (5ft) and teachers could not observe it from the main corridor.
A few children were put into solitary confinement in this room, the panel was told.
Mrs Earl said she expected staff to supervise children who were put into solitary confinement, but the panel said it had no evidence to support her claim.
The 55-year-old, however, did admit putting children at risk.
The panel said Mrs Earl had shown a "lack of insight into the impact of the room upon the wellbeing and safety of pupils and a disregard for the law and guidance".
Mrs Earl had been the head teacher at the school between 2014 and 2015. She resigned in December 2015 after an investigation was carried out.

Summary: A head teacher who punished children by locking them in rooms has been found guilty of unprofessional conduct.
###
Article: The MSPs have been looking into the use of the machines, which allow players to bet on the outcome of games and events with fixed odds returns.
The games can include roulette, bingo, simulated horse and greyhound racing and a range of slot machine games.
The committee heard evidence that the machines were highly addictive.
And it was told that players could sometimes lose hundreds, or even thousands, of pounds while playing the fixed odds betting terminals (FOBTs).
The Scotland Bill which is currently going through Westminster would give the Scottish Parliament the ability to limit the number of machines allowed in new bookmaker shops.
But Holyrood's local government and regeneration committee concluded that this did not go far enough given the high number of terminals already available.
Committee convenor Kevin Stewart, an SNP MSP, said he believed the maximum stake of £100 per game and the ability to play three games per minute meant FOBTs were a form of "hard gambling" and should therefore be banned from the high street.
He said: "The casino industry told us these machines are a form of hard gambling and unsuitable for the unsupervised environment of a bookmaker's shop.
"We were given evidence about the clustering of bookmakers in some communities - for example, one parade of shops in Glasgow with three bookmakers each offering four FOBT machines - and local authorities have told us they feel powerless to do anything to restrict the number of bookmakers."
£1.6bn
profit made by bookmakers from the machines in a year*
£100  maximum stake per bet
£2 what campaigners believe the maximum stake should be
£500  maximum win per bet
34,874 number of FOBTs in betting shops in the UK*
He said planning rules should be changed to give local authorities more control and the ability to address the clustering of machines.
And he said the Scotland Bill would not give the Scottish Parliament any "real and effective powers" to tackle FOBTs.
In its submission to the committee, the Association of British Bookmakers argued that...

Summary: Holyrood should be given the power to ban fixed odds betting terminals from high street bookmaker shops, a committee of MSPs has concluded.
###
Article: Mr Kerry's confident assertion will, no doubt, have been bolstered by a reminder from State Department legal advisers that a 21-year-old Supreme Court ruling seems to settle the question of whether kidnapping on foreign soil is legal.
The case concerned a Mexican gynaecologist accused of participating in the torture and murder of an American narcotics agent in Mexico in 1985. The man was abducted by agents of the Drug Enforcement Administration and flown to Texas to stand trial.
By a majority of 6-3, the Supreme Court ruled the kidnapping lawful, despite the existence of an extradition treaty between Mexico and the USA.
This decision confirmed earlier precedents in which judges in the United States have declined to concern themselves with the manner in which a suspect was brought to the sovereign territory of the US to stand trial.
These precedents were famously cited in a Jerusalem court in 1961 to reject a claim by lawyers for the Nazi, Adolf Eichmann, that his kidnapping by Israeli agents in Argentina rendered the prosecution unlawful.
Abu Anas al-Liby was indicted by a federal court in Manhattan in 1998 in connection with the bombing of the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania and there are outstanding international warrants for his arrest. So, John Kerry's argument that he was a "legal and appropriate target" is well-founded.
However, the accepted route for bringing to court suspects who are living outside of the jurisdiction of the requesting state is extradition, not kidnapping.
There is no extradition treaty between the US and Libya and, even if there was one, it is not all certain that the US government would have chosen that option because of its lack of confidence in the rule of law in Libya.
An international law expert, who wished to remain anonymous because he is acting in a Libyan case, said:
"What is critical here is the degree of involvement or collusion of the Libyan authorities in this kidnap.
"There are rumours or allegations that al-Liby was seized by a local militia, but if it was done with...

Summary: The statement made by the US Secretary of State, John Kerry, that the kidnap of Abu Anas al-Liby complied with United States law is correct - but that will not stifle criticism that the seizure was a flagrant breach of international law.
###
Article: The state newspaper says the "suave" liquor will spare you wincing when you wake, despite boasting 30%-40% alcohol.
The brew is reportedly made from a type of indigenous ginseng called insam and glutinous rice, and cultivated by an organic farming method.
North Korean media is known for making often outlandish claims about its domestic achievements.
Last year, it said medical products containing extracts from the insam plant could cure Mers, Sars and even Aids, NK News reported.
The Pyongyang Times said the new alcohol "exudes national flavour", without dampening your national fervour the following morning.
Among its other unique selling points, according to the paper - the spirit "is highly appreciated by experts and lovers".
The newspaper article, titled, "Liquor wins quality medal for preserving national smack", says the Taedonggang Foodstuff Factory has been working for years on the elixir.
The drink derives from Kaesong Koryo insam - a natural herb thought to have medicinal properties. According to the Pyongyang Times, replacing sugar with the scorched, glutinous rice removed the bitterness from the insam and, crucially, the hangover.
"Koryo Liquor, which is made of six-year-old Kaesong Koryo insam, known as being highest in medicinal effect, and the scorched rice, is highly appreciated by experts and lovers as it is suave and causes no hangover," the article reads.
The liquor "has already been registered as a national scientific and technological hit", it adds.
Andray Abrahamian, who travels to North Korea on business for Chosong Exchange, told the UK-based North Korean News website that insam liquors were "OK"  but he is "not that keen on it as a tasty treat".
"There are some high quality liquors made in North Korea, though in my experience there is no such thing as hangover-free booze anywhere in the world," he said.

Summary:


The Queen has tweeted her thanks to people who sent her 90th birthday messages on social media.

Article: In August 2014, a damning report stated 1,400 girls had been sexually exploited in the town, with local authorities failing to take the issue seriously.
The Independent Police Complaints Commission (IPCC) aims to finish its inquiries by April "at the latest".
A report will be published "soon after" this point, an IPCC spokesperson said.
Read more on this and other stories in Yorkshire
The IPCC is investigating complaints connected to former and serving police officers into how they handled child sex abuse allegations in Rotherham.
It previously said it was conducting 62 inquiries with 30 officers formally investigated, with that figure rising to 88 investigations into 35 officers.
The figure had increased after some of the "more complex investigations" were split into smaller ones, a spokesperson said.
Professor Alexis Jay's 2014 report detailed how children as young as 11 had been subjected to trafficking, rape and other sexual exploitation between 1997 to 2013 by gangs of men who were predominantly of Pakistani origin.
Initial inquiries by the IPCC began in late 2014 after South Yorkshire Police referred 14 members of staff to the police watchdog.
It has now grown into the "the second largest operation" the IPCC has undertaken after the Hillsborough inquiry.
In a statement, the IPCC said: "The very nature of these investigations makes them difficult to conclude quickly, we are dealing with highly sensitive issues and the allegations can date back decades.
"Our priority is to conclude our investigations rigorously and thoroughly and we thank the survivors and all those affected by these investigations for their patience and understanding."

Summary: Thirty-five South Yorkshire Police officers continue to be investigated following the Rotherham grooming scandal, the police watchdog said.
###
Article: Pakistan has had nuclear weapons for years but this is thought to be the first time it has spoken publicly about its nuclear arsenal.
The disclosure was made by Pakistan's Foreign Secretary Aizaz Chaudhry during a news briefing in Washington on Monday.
It comes before Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif is to meet Barack Obama in Washington on Thursday.
The two are expected to discuss Pakistan's nuclear programme among other issues, including Afghanistan and militant groups such as the Haqqani network and Lashkar-e-Taiba.
Mr Chaudhry's disclosure is seen by many as the first concrete explanation by a Pakistani official of how Pakistan intends to deal with possible Indian aggression.
"The fact that Pakistan was making small tactical nuclear weapons was clear to the world from the day Pakistan started its missile programme," says Pervez Hoodbhoy, a nuclear physicist and independent security analyst based in Lahore.
"It meant that Pakistan had developed low-yield nuclear warheads to be delivered by those missiles at short ranges, in a battlefield, having localised impact, unlike big bombs designed to destroy cities."
Experts believe that the 2011 testing of the nuclear-capable Nasr missile with a 60km range was an indication that Pakistan was building an arsenal of tactical nuclear weapons for use in a theatre of war.
Hasan Askari Rizvi, a Lahore-based expert on defence and security issues, suspects Pakistan may have designed even smaller nuclear weapons, capable of being shot from a specially-designed gun.
"The Americans apparently know about these weapons, and recent debate in the US media suggests that Pakistan may actually be in possession of tactical weapons which are greater in number and accuracy than those of India," he says.
Mr Hoodbhoy points out that these battlefield weapons could be more dangerous than larger weapons because in the event of a conflict, they will need to be spread out, deployed at multiple locations closer to the targets, and would need to be fired at short notice.
"Compliance with...

Summary: Pakistan has disclosed for the first time that it has made low-yield nuclear weapons for use in the event of a sudden attack by its larger neighbour and rival, India.
###
Article: The UK has paid a total of £1.26bn in interest on these bonds since then.
The debt has not been paid off before because of the relatively low interest it incurs.
The Treasury plans to cut the annual cost of the debt by re-borrowing money at current market rates.  It is the first such move for 67 years.
The bonds that Chancellor George Osborne has acquired have a lower rate than the 4% interest on the debt.
The continued existence of the war bond debt illustrates the lasting shadow cast by World War One.
According to the UK Treasury there are currently 11,200 registered holders of the bonds.
Winston Churchill first issued "4% Consols" in 1927 when he was Chancellor partly to refinance bonds from the First World War.
In addition to the war bonds, some of the debt being refinanced by the Treasury dates back to the 18th Century.
One of these bonds was issued by William Gladstone in 1853 to consolidate the capital stock of the South Sea Company, which was founded in 1711.
The South Sea Company collapsed during the South Sea Bubble financial crisis of 1720, leaving behind it a lot of debt.
In 1932 Chancellor Neville Chamberlain converted some war bonds into "perpetuals". This gave the government the right not to pay back the loans, as long as they continued paying 3.5% interest on them.
Perpetual bonds, as the name suggests, pay a steady stream of interest forever.

Summary: The UK Government has said that it will 'retire' £218m of the UK's £2bn First World War debt by refinancing bonds originally issued by Winston Churchill.
###
Article: In a speech on his first day as NHS England's chief executive, Simon Stevens, will say the health service is enduring the most sustained "budget crunch in its 66-year history".
He will warn navigating the next few years will require a huge effort.
And he will say only by "radically transforming services" will the NHS continue to thrive.
Mr Stevens joins NHS England after a decade working for the US firm United Healthcare.
Before that he worked as a health adviser in Tony Blair's government and held various management posts in the NHS.
The speech will be made on Tuesday evening after he spends the day visiting services in the North East, which is where he started his NHS career in the late 1980s.
He is expected to say: "The global recession has meant the NHS facing its most sustained budget crunch in its 66-year history.
Despite having worked in the US in recent years, the Oxford University graduate has plenty of NHS experience.
During the late 1980s and for much of the 1990s he worked in a number of management positions, including a stint at Guy's and St Thomas's Hospital Trust in London and for a mental health service in Northumberland.
In 1997, he became an adviser to Alan Milburn and co-authored the 2000 NHS Plan, which led to record increases in investment for the health service.
From 2001 to 2004 he worked directly with Tony Blair and was a strong advocate for increasing the use of the private sector.
After that he joined United Healthcare, first to lead their European arm and then as a senior executive in the US in charge of global operations.
"But care for our patients has continued to be of an extremely high standard. That is a remarkable tribute to the personal dedication - and shared sacrifice - of health service staff.
"As someone who has spent the last decade working in healthcare around the world, I know of no other country's health system which has managed this economically turbulent period better."
But he will add: "I know that for the NHS the stakes have never been higher. Service pressures...

Summary: The NHS is facing the biggest challenge in its history because of the squeeze on its budget, says its new boss.
###
Article: "I am most grateful for the many digital messages of goodwill I have received and would like to thank you all for your kindness," she wrote.
The monarch, whose milestone birthday was marked with numerous events, signed off the rare message "Elizabeth R".
The Queen sent her first ever tweet in 2014 when she opened a new exhibition at the Science Museum in London.
Britain's longest-serving monarch celebrated her 90th birthday on 21 April, and a host of events were held over three months, from April to June.
The Queen has two birthdays - her real birthday on 21 April, and her official birthday held on a Saturday in June - a tradition going back 250 years. It was introduced to try to ensure better weather for the monarch's official celebrations.
Her official birthday this year was 11 June and the annual Trooping the Colour was held on Horse Guards Parade, followed by an RAF flypast which the Royal Family watched from the balcony of Buckingham Palace.
The following day the Queen hosted the Patron's Lunch, a street party for some 10,000 people along The Mall which recognised her patronage of more than 600 organisations in the UK and around the Commonwealth.
Queen Elizabeth II at 90
Find out more about Queen Elizabeth II on BBC iWonder

Summary:


Streaming service Netflix has postponed a Bill Cosby comedy special in the wake of allegations of sexual assault that have resurfaced in recent weeks.

Article: Doctors have told her there is an 85% chance she will develop breast cancer as she has inherited a mutation in her BRCA 1 gene.
But are you at risk and what can you do reduce your chances of contracting it?
Katherine Woods from Breast Cancer Campaign explains.
"The risk of a woman developing breast cancer in the UK is one in eight.
"That's about 50,000 women a year. Women are far more likely to develop the disease, but it does affect men too.
"Around 350 men a year are diagnosed with breast cancer in the UK.
"Gender, age and family history are the three most important risk factors. The older you get, the greater risk of getting breast cancer.
"More than 80% of breast cancers are diagnosed in women over 50, so it's a lot more common for women who have gone through the menopause.
"In terms of family history, some have a higher risk of getting breast cancer.
"But not everybody with a family history will have that high risk. One in five women that get it have a family history of the disease."
"Women who have family history and have a confirmed higher risk can opt to have risk-reducing surgery.
"The most common type is a double mastectomy. A mastectomy removes tissue from both breasts. It reduces the risk by up to 90%.
"Removing the ovaries can also reduce risk by around 50% in younger women.
"In terms of lifestyle there are three things people can do to reduce their risk. Cut down on alcohol, be a healthy weight and to get 30 minutes of exercise five times a week."
"It's the removing of breast tissue from both of the breasts.
"For a lot of women there is an option to have reconstruction at the same time as they have surgery.
"So it doesn't necessarily mean that the entire breast and nipple are taken.
"This surgery can reduce the risk of getting breast cancer by 90%.
"But a risk-reducing mastectomy still leaves part of the chest wall behind and actually breast cancer can still develop in those tissues which is why we can't say it reduces the risk by 100%."
"It is really important to check whether you have a high...

Summary: 1Xtra presenter Claira Hermet has told Newsbeat about her decision to have a double mastectomy after loosing her mum and sister to breast cancer.
###
Article: Researchers said warmer water affected the distribution and size of plankton - tiny organisms that form the basis of food chains in aquatic systems.
The team warmed plankton-containing vessels by 4C (7F) - the temperature by which some of the world's rivers and lakes could warm over the next century.
The findings appear in the journal Global Change Biology.
"Our study provides almost the first direct experimental evidence that - in the short-term - if a [freshwater] ecosystem warms up, it has profound implications for the size structure of plankton communities," said lead author Gabriel Yvon-Durocher from Queen Mary, University of London.
"Essentially, what we observed within the phytoplankton (microscopic plants) community was that it switched from a system that was dominated by larger autotrophs (plants that photosynthesise) to a system that was dominated by smaller autotrophs with a lower standing biomass."
Dr Yvon-Durocher added that a greater abundance, but lower overall biomass, of smaller phytoplankton had "very important implications for the stability of plankton food webs".
"This meant that the distribution of biomass between plants and animals changed from a... situation where you had a large amount of plants and a smaller amount of animal consumers to an 'inverted pyramid' where you have a smaller quantity of plant biomass and a larger amount of animal biomass," he told BBC News.
"Systems that tend to have larger consumer biomass relative to the resource biomass tend to be less stable over time."
Dr Yvon-Durocher explained that phytoplankton played a key role in the food webs of oceans, rivers and lakes.
"An inordinate amount of the primary productivity and carbon draw-down in ocean and freshwater ecosystems are carried out by microscopic planktonic organisms."
Because the tiny plants are able to produce their own food by using energy from sunlight, they are an important food source for zooplankton - microscopic animals that are not able to synthesise their own food.
The zooplankton are also a...

Summary: Future warming could have "profound implications" for the stability of freshwater ecosystems, a study warns.
###
Article: During question time in parliament on Wednesday, the new man in charge was accused of "mansplaining" by Labor deputy leader Tanya Plibersek.
Mansplaining is when a man explains something in which he is less of an expert, to a woman who is more so, because he assumes she is ignorant.
Ms Plibersek had asked whether Mr Turnbull could "confirm how much he will restore to the foreign aid programme after the cabinet he was part of cut the budget by $11.3bn dollars" in the last budget.
Mr Turnbull responded: "If the honourable member wanted to get a serious answer she should ask a serious question. If all she's interested in is making an allegation, making a political argument across the dispatch box, that is fine. But it's a complete waste of Question Time."
Unimpressed with the verbal jousting, she replied: "Mr Speaker, I'd rather have an answer than the mansplaining by the prime minister."
Within minutes, "mansplaining" was trending on Twitter in Australia, winning Ms Plibersek - and the word itself - both fans and critics.
The charge of sexism may have stung, however, as Mr Turnbull had earlier said he was "very committed" to having more women in his cabinet than in previous ones.
"There is no greater enthusiast than me for seeing women in positions of power and influence in parliament, in ministries right across the country," he said.
An amalgam of the words "man" and "explain", it is a man explaining something in a patronising way to a woman, typically one who is more expert in the subject matter than he, because he assumes she is ignorant of it.
It is thought to have been first used by American feminists in 2008 shortly after the Los Angeles Times printed an article by Rebecca Solnit, titled Men Who Explain Things, in which she recounted the story of a Mr Very Important explaining her own book to her at a party.
Starting to cross over into mainstream conversation, mansplaining has joined "manspreading" - men sitting with their legs too wide apart in shared spaces, often on public transport - on a growing list...

Summary: Barely two days into his new job, and Australian Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull has already had a taster of some of the biting wit he can likely expect from the opposition.
###
Article: In a report, the Bellingcat team links personnel from the 2nd Battalion of the 53rd Anti-Aircraft Missile Brigade to the tragedy in eastern Ukraine in 2014.
A Dutch report last year said the plane was hit by a Russian-made Buk missile.
The West and Ukraine say pro-Russian rebels brought down Flight MH17, but Moscow blames Ukrainian forces.
All 298 people people on board the Boeing 777 - which was flying from Amsterdam to Kuala Lumpur - died in the disaster on 17 July 2014. The majority of the victims were Dutch nationals.
The Bellingcat team published its 115-page report entitled "MH17 - Potential Suspects and Witnesses from the 53rd Anti-Aircraft Missile Brigade" on Tuesday.
The UK-based investigation says it used open source data - such as social media sites and forums - to identify dozens of Russian soldiers and officers from the 53rd Brigade (based in the city of Kursk) who could have had knowledge of or been personally involved in shooting down the plane.
By comparing and analysing the data, Bellingcat concludes it is very likely that personnel from the brigade's 2nd Battalion were sent from Russia to eastern Ukraine.
It identifies a number of soldiers only by their first names and initials, saying also that the 2nd Battalion commander was Dmitry T.
However, it gives the full name of the brigade's overall chief, identifying him as Sergey Muchkayev.
The report says that "the decision to send military equipment to the Russia-Ukraine border and to Ukraine was made at an even higher level - the level of the ministry of defence of Russia".
"Consistent with the probable conclusion that the Russian Buk missile launcher... downed MH17, the ministry of defence (of Russia) bears the main responsibility... shared with the military commanders and leaders of the self-proclaimed Donetsk and Luhansk People's Republics", the document adds.
Bellingcat says it submitted all uncensored names and supporting evidence to the Dutch-led investigators, who are continuing their criminal inquiry into the disaster.
Bellingcat says...

Summary: A UK-based online investigative team says it has identified Russian soldiers who were likely involved in the shooting down of a Malaysian plane.
###
Article: Bill Cosby 77 was to have been streamed from 27 November. It is not clear when or if the special will now be shown.
Netflix's announcement came shortly after Tuesday's airing of an interview with a model and TV host who claimed Cosby sexually assaulted her in 1982.
Cosby's lawyer previously said the comedian would be making no comment.
John P Schmidt said the allegations were a "decade-old [and] discredited" and that he did not intend to "dignify [them] with any comment".
A follow-up statement amended the earlier denial to say it did not refer to Andrea Constand, an accuser whose civil action against him was settled in 2006.
The latest allegation came from TV presenter Janice Dickinson, who accused Cosby of sexually assaulting her after a dinner date in Lake Tahoe, California.
"The next morning I woke up and I wasn't wearing my pyjamas," she told Entertainment Tonight. "I remembered before I passed out that I had been sexually assaulted."
Dickinson claimed she had written about the alleged assault in a 2002 autobiography but had been pressured by Cosby's lawyer and her publisher to remove the details.
Dickinson, a contestant in the 2007 series of I'm a Celebrity... Get Me Out of Here!, is one of several women to have accused Cosby of sexual assault going back almost 30 years.
Cosby remained silent during an NPR radio interview that aired on Saturday when he was asked to comment on the accusations levelled against him.
The veteran comedian is best known for playing Cliff Huxtable, benign patriarch of an African-American family in hit US sitcom The Cosby Show.

Summary:


Gay and bisexual men convicted of abolished sex offences in Northern Ireland look set to be pardoned.

Article: "Inseparable" Bella the ewe and Blake the border collie disappeared from their owner Natalie Haywood's home near Clumber Park in Nottinghamshire.
Ms Haywood posted on Facebook saying someone had picked up Blake and returned him home.
She said Blake was "all well" and was behaving "like nothing has happened".
"The hunt for Bella continues still, with Blake's help we will bring her home," she wrote.
Bella was five weeks old when she went missing from her home in the village of Perlethorpe on 8 May.
Because of her age, she needed regular bottle feeding.
She had been adopted from a farmer neighbour after being orphaned, and quickly bonded with Ms Haywood's pet dog.
"They are the best of friends, she follows him around everywhere," said Ms Haywood after the pair's disappearance.
The disappearance sparked a campaign to find them and the hashtag #findblakeandbella.
A £1,000 reward for their recovery was offered by ITV presenter Philip Schofield on This Morning, and thousands of people joined a Facebook group set up to find the pets.
Eight cameras were set up in four locations and tracking dogs were used in the search.

Summary: A sheepdog who went missing with his orphaned lamb "best friend" has been found after three weeks - but without his woolly companion.
###
Article: Eastern Airways has taken over from Citywing, which has been liquidated after 14 months running the route.
Economy Secretary Ken Skates said a review would report shortly on the future of the Â£1.2m annual subsidy.
The Welsh Conservatives said more should be done to make the service more appealing to the general public.
The new operators took over the Cardiff-Anglesey service on Monday with all Citywing tickets being honoured, Mr Skates said.
Since its launch in 2007, the service has had a string of operators and was found to be underperforming in a 2014 report.
Last September, Mr Skates ordered a review of its future beyond May, with a report due in the next few weeks.
"One of my concerns is whether the actual service is sustainable ... whether we can actually identify a carrier that will be able to provide a reliable service long term, whether the level of subsidy is appropriate ... whether we are actually getting sufficient value for money at present," he told the Good Morning Wales programme on BBC Radio.
"What I've asked the review to look at is whether this service is needed, what alternatives or additional services might be needed.
"Cardiff is one of the fastest growing airports in the UK - we wish to grow Cardiff, we wish to grow other airports around the coast of Wales as well.
"Particularly in the context of Brexit we need to be better connected to the rest of the UK - not just Cardiff, but the whole of the country.
"With our smaller airports there's an opportunity to be connected to other cities and centres of economic activity."
Mr Skates confirmed that with around 9,000 passengers using the service every year, the cost of the subsidy amounted to around Â£120 each.
He pointed out that about half of the passengers came from the private sector, and that the prospect of major projects in north west Wales such as a new nuclear power station might justify the survival of the service.
"In the next few years Wylfa Newydd will come on stream and that's going to create a huge amount of activity on...

Summary: The troubled air link between Cardiff and Anglesey could be saved by demand fuelled by projects like Wylfa Newydd, the minister responsible has said.
###
Article: Photographs released by KCNA state news agency to go with a report on Mr Kim's visit to a facility at the Academy of Defence Sciences facility show wall charts describing the missiles, called Hwasong-13 and Pukguksong-3.
Hwasong-13 appears to be a three-stage ICBM (Inter Continental Ballistic Missile), while the chart showing Pukguksong-3, although largely obscured by officials, is an Submarine Launched Ballistic Missile (SLBM).
It's not the first time that North Korea has "accidentally" left details of important developments in the background of photo-shoots, and this is seen by analysts as a means of showing off its military power or sending messages to its foes.
North Korea's report of the visit appears to be deliberately timed, coming on the third day of the Ulchi Freedom Guardian military exercises involving South Korea and the United States, to which Pyongyang is vehemently opposed.
The timing and the content is critical. Speaking to South Korea's JoongAng Ilbo newspaper, Shin Jong-woo of the Korea Defence and Security Forum said that North Korea "has a history of displaying actual weapons, or graphic designs of them, via state media in order to flaunt its military prowess to the world."
According to KCNA, Kim Jong-un is said to have ordered scientists at the facility to produce more solid rocket fuel and warhead tips missiles, and these fit with the details displayed on the wall charts.
Unlike the liquid-fuelled Hwasong-14 missile which North Korea tested in July, Hwasong-13 appears to be a three-stage solid fuel rocket; while the solid-fuelled Pukguksong-3 is a longer-range version of the Pukguksong-1 and -2 missiles which were tested in 2016.
Whether by mistake or as a ruse, it has happened before.
Two weeks ago, photos of Kim Jong-un planning a ballistic missile test in the direction of US Andersen Air Force Base on Guam also contained strategically-placed wall charts and and an ominous aerial view of the base itself.
The message here is clear. Pyongyang is telling Washington that American military...

Summary: North Korea appears to have revealed details of two as-yet untested missile systems in its press coverage of a factory inspection by the country's Supreme Leader Kim Jong-un.
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Article: Output is measured using the Northern Ireland Composite Economic Index (NICEI), which is roughly equivalent to Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
They are the most up-to-date figures for the local economy.
The quarterly expansion was slightly higher than UK GDP growth in the same period.
On an annual basis growth was estimated at 2.4%, above the UK rate of 2%.
The private sector showed estimated quarterly growth of 0.4% and annual growth of 3.4%.
The services sector, which is the largest part of the economy, accounted for most of the growth.
On an annual basis it grew by 1.6% with construction up by 0.5% and production (manufacturing) up by 0.4%.
Nisra, the official statistics agency, said that when looking at trends over the last three years it suggests that there is some evidence the rate of growth has improved.
Annualised average growth over the four quarters to Q1 2017, compared to the previous four quarters, was 1.9%.
This compares with annual growth over the previous two year period of 1.2%.
Meanwhile, detailed figures for the Northern Ireland construction sector showed that output fell by 1.7% in the first quarter.
However, compared to the same period in 2016, output was up by 7.1%, making it the second best quarter in the last five years.
The figures only relate to work carried out in Northern Ireland.
The largest Northern Ireland construction firms do the majority of their work elsewhere in the U.K.

Summary: The Northern Ireland economy grew by 0.3% in the first quarter of 2017, official figures suggest.
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Article: Justice Minister Claire Sugden confirmed a motion will go before the assembly for approval.
The move will bring Northern Ireland in line with England and Wales, where plans for automatic pardons were announced last month.
Those proposals would see men convicted of now-abolished sexual offences receive posthumous pardons.
Dubbed 'Turing's Law', after the World War Two code-breaker Alan Turing, the law will also allow living men convicted of such offences to apply for a pardon.
The motion in the assembly is expected to contain the same provisions and allow for pardons both posthumously as well as for living gay and bisexual men.
The minister said she has secured executive agreement to ask the assembly to pass a legislative consent motion to pardon convictions related to abolished sexual offences.
Ms Sugden said that arrangements would be brought in "as soon as possible to ensure that there is equal treatment for gay and bisexual men here as for their counterparts in England and Wales".
"This is an opportunity for the criminal justice system to try and right the wrongs of the past and one which will allow for much earlier resolve than that presented by way of an assembly bill," she added.
The motion will now go forward for consideration by the assembly.

Summary:


I have been collecting matchboxes seriously since 2012.

Article: Shop Direct, which bought the Woolworths brand out of administration, said it had secured a legal settlement with the store in Dorchester, Dorset.
Wellworths will rebrand itself as Wellchester after failing to agree terms that would have let it keep the name but restrict its expansion.
Shop Direct said protecting its brand was of "paramount importance".
Wellworths, launched by former Woolworths manager Claire Robertson in March 2009, has been given two years to change its branding.
First-year profit
The branch was one of 815 that closed after Woolworths went bust in November 2008 with debts of Â£385m.
But Ms Robertson reopened the store, gave about 20 colleagues their jobs back and saw the business make a profit in its first year.
Wellworths said Shop Direct "initially supported the opening of the former Woolworths store in Dorchester as Wellworths, but then sought an agreement which would place limits on the growth of the business under the Wellworths name".
"Regretfully, rather than accept those limits, Wellworths have decided to replace the Wellworths name with Wellchester over the course of the next two years."
Ms Robertson said she was aiming to expand the brand across south and south-west England, in towns similar to Dorchester.
She announced her intentions in March, although other sites have yet to be found.
"We're really happy with the way things are going and have been extremely well supported by our customers in the first year-and-a-half," she added.
Mark Newton-Jones, chief executive of home shopping firm Shop Direct, said: "Protecting your brand is of paramount importance to every business and no less so to us with our Woolworths brand."

Summary: A former Woolworths store which reopened as Wellworths has been forced to change its name.
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Article: The resort will have ski runs, ski lifts, resort chalets and sleigh rides.
But its two hotels are little more than empty shells, while the access road is filled with potholes, the AP news agency reported after a visit to the site in September.
There are also questions about who will use the resort once it is completed.
It is estimated that there are only about 5,500 North Korean skiers in a country with a population of 24 million people - equivalent to about 0.02% of the total.
Correspondents say that the Masik Pass ski resort - located  in the secluded depths of North Korea's east coast - is the country's latest megaproject, the product of 10 months of intensive labour.
It is intended to show that Communist North Korea is as civilized and culturally advanced as any other country, despite its reputation for poverty and isolation.
Billboards around the construction site urge workers to finish the job by Thursday's deadline, the 68th anniversary of the formation of the Korean Workers' Party. But the construction has reportedly been delayed by heavy rains and landslides.
"Full attack. March forward. Let's absolutely finish building Masik Pass ski resort within this year by launching a full aggressive war," one sign reads.
The resort is believed to be a pet project of North Korean leader Kim Jong-un, who reportedly skied when he attended secondary school in Switzerland under an assumed name.
An AP reporter who recently visited Masik's ski runs says that they consist of long stretches of bright-brown dirt dotted with rocks, weeds and patches of stubborn grass. The pistes  cut their way through the trees to converge at the hotel construction site below.
Foundations were still being dug. Two simple lifts were being installed, but neither was working at the time.
Correspondents say that North Korea is eager to build the resort because it wants to win more medals in the Winter Olympics. Sport is seen as a useful way of mobilising the masses and Pyongyang wants to encourage more tourism.
"It will have a big impact on...

Summary: North Korea was due to open its first multi-million dollar ski resort on Thursday, but there are doubts whether it will be ready in time.
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Article: Mr Salmond said the move could bring down the government if Labour joined in, with David Cameron "locked out".
The Conservatives accused him of "trying to sabotage the democratic will of the British people".
Labour has called his balance of power prediction "bluster and bluff".
In recent days Mr Salmond, who is bidding to become a Westminster MP at the 7 May general election, has claimed his party could "hold the power" in a hung Parliament and would be able to influence the Budget of a minority Labour government.
This was dismissed by Labour leader Ed Miliband, who has ruled out a formal coalition with the Scottish nationalists.
The SNP currently has six MPs at Westminster, but recent opinion polls suggest its share could increase dramatically at the general election.
James Cook, BBC News Scotland correspondent
If the Conservatives attempt to form a minority government and enough MPs vote against their Queen's Speech the administration would fall at the first hurdle and the leader of the opposition would have a shot at forming a government.
That's how parliamentary democracy works in the event of a hung Parliament.
And yet the Conservatives are saying that by planning to vote against a government he opposes Alex Salmond has "confirmed he would sabotage the democratic will of the British people in order to make Ed Miliband prime minister".
It is part of their continuing attempt to portray Mr Miliband as a weak leader whose strings are being pulled by Mr Salmond.
This kind of language causes despair among Tories north of the border who fear that the party in London is waltzing into an SNP trap.
They know that many voters in Scotland will read the phrase "democratic will of the British people" and hear "democratic will of the English people".
Because, if it is illegitimate for Scottish MPs, from whatever party, to vote against one government and support another in the British parliament, then what, voters may ask, is the point of the union?
Who is dancing to Mr Salmond's tune now?
Mr Salmond, the former...

Summary: The SNP would block a minority Conservative government by voting down its Queen's Speech if it holds the post-election balance of power, its former leader Alex Salmond has said.
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Article: Lettings agent network Your Move said average rents north of the border were 2.2% higher last month than a year ago.
Its Buy-to-Let Index found rents in England and Wales rose by just 1.5% over the same period.
The average monthly rent in Scotland now stands at Â£537, back in line with a survey record set in August this year.
Rents climbed by a moderate 0.3% in the month to October, recovering from a dip during September.
Average rents in Edinburgh and the Lothians set a new peak of Â£615, following monthly growth of 0.6%.
The only area to experience a price fall on a monthly basis was Glasgow and Clyde, where rent dropped by 0.7%, to Â£565.
Christine Campbell, regional managing director of Your Move, said: "Average rents in Scotland have bounced back to peak level in October, and annually the pace of rent growth is exceeding that experienced across England and Wales.
"Snags in supply and concerns over potential rent caps are setting the stride in Scotland, but in the longer term, the march of private sector rents is easing back on an annual basis.
"After years of consistency and incremental adjustments, rent rises quickened rapidly after the changes to lettings legislation made tenancy fees illegal.
"Instead of facing a one-off payment, tenants saw their monthly rents rise at a much accelerated pace.
"This market is only just starting to self-correct and steady."

Summary: Property rents have risen faster in Scotland than in England and Wales over the past year, according to a new report.
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Article: My sources include collectors all over the world, dealers, auctions, flea markets, and just about any place I can think of. The accumulation, as I like to call it, includes all kinds of material related to the Indian matchbox industry.
Within this rapidly growing accumulation, I often come across labels and subjects that I get curious about and that is how my collection takes a thematic approach.
My recent exhibition, titled "Matchbox Labels And The Stories They Tell", features some prominent trends and themes spanning the entire history of the matchbox industry.
I exhibited 5,000 labels from my collection of 25,000.
AE Matcheswala was an early matchbox label which started using sulphur. It set up its factories in Mumbai in western Maharashtra and Khambhat (also known as Cambay) in Gujarat state, and continued to trade in matchboxes until after World War Two.
The company exported its matchboxes to Arab countries. Ambarnath, written in Hindi on this label, was the location of the first Wimco factory in western Maharashtra state. Very few Wimco labels used Indian languages and they did not last long. This rather drab label featuring the dhow is not one of their common brands.
This label promoted the Swadeshi (self-reliance) movement during the partition of India's Bengal region in 1905. A number of Indian labels started during the independence struggle after calls were made to boycott British goods. Most firms used Indian languages to add nationalist fervour to their brands. Labels from the 1920s and 30s tell the story of India's struggle for freedom. Some labels even celebrated important personalities associated with the freedom movement.
It's believed that this matchbox was commissioned by the royal family of Bhavnagar in western Gujarat state for their personal use during British rule. Little is known about such matchboxes because records were not kept at the time and little research is possible today.
Many Bollywood films were promoted on matchboxes in the 1950s. Some labels even featured Pakistani films....

Summary:


Walking for 40 minutes a few times a week is enough to preserve memory and keep ageing brains on top form, research shows.

Article: By the end of day the index had shed 51 points or 0.68% to 7,473.
Mining companies saw some of the biggest falls after copper and iron ore prices slipped. Antofagasta dived 4.7% and Glencore fell 3.9%.
BP and Royal Dutch Shell both lost more than 2% as oil prices fell on fresh fears of oversupply in the worldwide oil industry.
Brent crude fell to a seven-month low and was last trading down 2.6% at $45.70 per barrel.
Shares in plumbing services firm Wolseley pared early losses to end flat, after the company reported an increase in third-quarter profits.
The firm - which owns Plumb Center - reported a 9.5% rise in trading profits to Â£254m in the three months to 30 April.
On the currency markets the pound fell sharply after the Bank of England governor said he did not favour an interest rate rise at the moment.
Sterling was down almost 1% against the dollar at $1.26, having slid after Mark Carney made the comments in his Mansion House speech in London.
Last week, the Bank of England held interest rates at 0.25%, though three of the eight policymakers on the bank's Monetary Policy Committee voted for a rate rise.
However, Mr Carney said he thought a rise now would be premature.
He said uncertainty over the direction of the economy and "anaemic" wage growth meant that "now is not yet the time to begin" increasing rates.
The pound also fell against the euro, dropping 0.7% to 1.13 euros.

Summary: The FTSE 100 has closed lower after falling commodities prices hit mining and oil stocks.
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Article: A treatment for lungs was developed in Sweden over 30 years ago and it was extracted from pigs.
However, a newer, synthetic version - that no longer relies on animal products -  has now been created.
This substance, surfactant, is produced naturally in human lungs but premature babies often do not produce enough.
It is made up of fats and proteins and keeps lungs moving and working.
The latest development is being trialled in Belfast's Royal Maternity Hospital.
Among those who have benefited is Lewis McIlroy, who is now two-and-a-half and lives on a farm in Magheramourne, County Antrim.
His mother, Margaret, said the medical research in Northern Ireland is fantastic.
"Lewis was born at 30 weeks and was very ill," she said.
"I didn't even get to hold him, he was whisked away from me by the medical team who saved his life."
Surfactant is a fluid secreted by the cells of the alveoli - the tiny air sacs in the lungs - that serves to reduce the surface tension of pulmonary fluids.
Surfactant contributes to the elastic properties of pulmonary tissue, preventing the alveoli from collapsing.
Premature babies often require an injection of the substance into their lungs to get them working.
Back in the 1980s it was Prof Henry Halliday who was in charge of the trial at the Royal Maternity Hospital.
Now retired and his 70s, he said that using pig lung surfactant saved many premature babies' lives and was the best available of the surfactants.
"In the 1980s when premature babies got respiratory distress syndrome due to immature lungs, if they were 28 weeks gestation or less they nearly all died," he said.
"It was with the development of surfactant to replace the missing substance in the lungs that we started to see much better survival rates of these very tiny babies.
"It was a very exciting time when this drug was developed."
In 2017 times have changed and a synthetic substance has replaced that provided by pigs.
"It is a major breakthrough because we've been limited to using animal-derived surfactants for the last 30...

Summary: Premature babies around the world are being kept alive thanks to a "medical breakthrough" that is being trialled in Belfast.
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Article: The 30 ft (9m) tall bird, referred to as "Chicken Don", stands between the official residence of the US president and the famous Washington Monument.
Owner Taran Singh Brar said the prop portrays a president who is "afraid".
But some Twitter users were not impressed, with one dubbing the stunt "pathetic".
In a video posted on social media on Wednesday, activist and documentary maker Mr Brar said he hoped to "bring awareness" to what he said was a "bad and destabilising" US president.
"We are out here to criticise our president for being weak and ineffective as a leader," he said in the footage posted on Twitter, adding that Mr Trump also "seems afraid" to release his tax returns.
"He seems afraid to stand up to Putin and now he's playing a game of chicken with North Korea," Mr Brar said.
Permission to set up the inflatable fowl, which was funded through the crowdsourcing website GoFundMe, had to be obtained from the US Secret Service, according to local media.
In April, the large bird appeared at marches across the US as demonstrators called on Mr Trump to release his tax returns.
The balloon was manufactured in China following the success of a Trump-like rooster designed as a prop to celebrate the Chinese New Year in January.
The inflatable's arrival has divided opinion on social media, with Twitter users at odds over whether the stunt was "pathetic" or "cute".
The topic quickly gained momentum and the hashtag #TrumpChicken was trending in the US on Wednesday.
End of Twitter post  by @NWPinPDX
"Not a comment on Trump or his presidency, but I just kind of love the inflatable chicken w/Trump hair. It is really cute!" wrote Eva Ulrich.
Another Twitter user, Scott Presler, wrote: "President Trump tells nuclear power North Korea there will be 'Fire & fury' and democrats inflate a chicken? Insanity."
End of Twitter post  by @EduSamani
End of Twitter post  by @SaysHummingbird
"The left would rather spend $1300 on a #TrumpChicken, than use that money to feed the homeless. The obsession continues," wrote Scott.
This...

Summary: An inflatable chicken with a golden coiffure has appeared near the White House in protest at Donald Trump's "weak" and "ineffective" leadership.
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Article: Carl Beatson Asiedu, 19, who had appeared in CBBC's MI High, was stabbed in the heart near Club Life nightclub in Vauxhall, south London, in 2009.
Junior Ademujimi-Falade, 21, from Camberwell, south London, was convicted of manslaughter last month.
The Old Bailey heard the victim, who had been performing at the club, was attacked with a friend by a group outside the venue.
Ademujimi-Falade was a friend of the man suspected of inflicting the fatal blow. The suspect is believed to have fled to Nigeria.
Earlier, Mr Asiedu, the son of a pastor and a midwife, and his friend and fellow student Peter Lama - who was also stabbed but survived - had been performing there with their rap group Kid 'n' Play.
Judge Martin Stephens told him: "Your victim was a young man of talent and much promise.
"The devastation to his family is incalculable."
Richard Whittam QC, prosecuting, said: "There has been no suggestion that either of the young men had done anything to invite the violence visited on them."
Mr Asiedu, who had attended St Francis Xavier College in Clapham, south London, was attacked by a group including former school bullies who detectives believed may have been jealous of his success.
Mr Asiedu was about to start the second year of his degree at De Montfort University in Leicester in media production when he was killed.
He had recorded a single in 2007 and worked with the Black Police Association to produce a documentary for schools raising awareness of knife crime.
In addition, he had appeared in a small role in episodes of MI High, children's adventure series about school pupils working as spies.
They were not broadcast until last year, after he died.

Summary: A 21-year-old man has been jailed for eight years for killing a TV actor.
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Article: Moderate exercise increased the size of the hippocampus, an area of the brain that makes memories, in 120 volunteers.
The year-long trial, published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, showed performance on memory tests also improved.
Exercise may buffer against dementia as well as age-related memory loss.
The latest work looked at healthy people in their 60s rather than people with Alzheimer's or other forms of dementia.
But the findings have important implications for ageing societies faced with a dementia time bomb.
In the UK, 820,000 people have dementia, and this figure is set to double by 2030.
Until a cure is discovered, finding cheap and simple ways to reverse this trend is imperative, say experts.
Professor Kirk Erickson and colleagues from the University of Pittsburgh in the US set out to investigate the impact that even moderate exercise might have on preserving memory.
They split their 120 volunteers into two groups. One group was asked to begin an exercise regimen of walking around a track for 40 minutes a day, three days a week, while the others were limited to doing simple stretching and toning exercises.
Brain scans and memory tests were performed at the start of the study, halfway through the study and again at the end.
Scans revealed hippocampus volume increased by around 2% in people who did regular aerobic exercise. The same region of the brain decreased in volume by 1.4% in those who did stretching exercises, consistent with the decrease seen in normal ageing.
Both groups showed some improvement over time on memory tests. In the walking group, the improvement appeared to be linked with increased size of the hippocampus.
Professor Erickson said: "We think of the atrophy of the hippocampus in later life as almost inevitable. But we've shown that even moderate exercise for one year can increase the size of that structure.
"The brain at that stage remains modifiable."
Dr Simon Ridley of the Alzheimer's Research Trust said that although the study does not look at memory loss in...

Summary: