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---
license: apache-2.0
language:
- en
pipeline_tag: image-text-to-text
tags:
- multimodal
- gui
library_name: transformers
---
# UI-TARS-2B-SFT
[UI-TARS-2B-SFT](https://huggingface.co/bytedance-research/UI-TARS-2B-SFT) |
[UI-TARS-2B-gguf](https://huggingface.co/bytedance-research/UI-TARS-2B-gguf) |
[UI-TARS-7B-SFT](https://huggingface.co/bytedance-research/UI-TARS-7B-SFT) |
[UI-TARS-7B-DPO](https://huggingface.co/bytedance-research/UI-TARS-7B-DPO) |
[UI-TARS-7B-gguf](https://huggingface.co/bytedance-research/UI-TARS-7B-gguf) |
[UI-TARS-72B-SFT](https://huggingface.co/bytedance-research/UI-TARS-72B-SFT) |
[UI-TARS-72B-DPO](https://huggingface.co/bytedance-research/UI-TARS-72B-DPO)
## Introduction
This model card is related to the paper [UI-TARS: Pioneering Automated GUI Interaction with Native Agents](https://huggingface.co/papers/2501.12326).
UI-TARS is a next-generation native GUI agent model designed to interact seamlessly with graphical user interfaces (GUIs) using human-like perception, reasoning, and action capabilities. Unlike traditional modular frameworks, UI-TARS integrates all key components—perception, reasoning, grounding, and memory—within a single vision-language model (VLM), enabling end-to-end task automation without predefined workflows or manual rules.
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<img src="https://github.com/bytedance/UI-TARS/blob/main/figures/UI-TARS-vs-Previous-SOTA.png?raw=true" width="90%"/>
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<img src="https://github.com/bytedance/UI-TARS/blob/main/figures/UI-TARS.png?raw=true" width="90%"/>
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## Performance
**Perception Capabilty Evaluation**
| Model | VisualWebBench | WebSRC | SQAshort |
|---------------------------|---------------|---------|----------|
| Qwen2-VL-7B | 73.3 | 81.8 | 84.9 |
| Qwen-VL-Max | 74.1 | 91.1 | 78.6 |
| Gemini-1.5-Pro | 75.4 | 88.9 | 82.2 |
| UIX-Qwen2-7B | 75.9 | 82.9 | 78.8 |
| Claude-3.5-Sonnet | 78.2 | 90.4 | 83.1 |
| GPT-4o | 78.5 | 87.7 | 82.3 |
| **UI-TARS-2B** | 72.9 | 89.2 | 86.4 |
| **UI-TARS-7B** | 79.7 | **93.6** | 87.7 |
| **UI-TARS-72B** | **82.8** | 89.3 | **88.6** |
**Grounding Capability Evaluation**
- **ScreenSpot Pro**
| Agent Model | Dev-Text | Dev-Icon | Dev-Avg | Creative-Text | Creative-Icon | Creative-Avg | CAD-Text | CAD-Icon | CAD-Avg | Scientific-Text | Scientific-Icon | Scientific-Avg | Office-Text | Office-Icon | Office-Avg | OS-Text | OS-Icon | OS-Avg | Avg-Text | Avg-Icon | Avg |
|--------------------------|----------|----------|----------|--------------|--------------|--------------|---------|---------|---------|---------------|---------------|---------------|------------|------------|------------|--------|--------|--------|---------|---------|------|
| QwenVL-7B | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.7 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | **0.1** |
| GPT-4o | 1.3 | 0.0 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 2.0 | 0.0 | 1.5 | 2.1 | 0.0 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.3 | 0.0 | **0.8** |
| SeeClick | 0.6 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 2.5 | 0.0 | 1.9 | 3.5 | 0.0 | 2.0 | 1.1 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 2.8 | 0.0 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 0.0 | **1.1** |
| Qwen2-VL-7B | 2.6 | 0.0 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 6.3 | 0.0 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 1.9 | 3.0 | 0.9 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 2.5 | 0.2 | **1.6** |
| OS-Atlas-4B | 7.1 | 0.0 | 3.7 | 3.0 | 1.4 | 2.3 | 2.0 | 0.0 | 1.5 | 9.0 | 5.5 | 7.5 | 5.1 | 3.8 | 4.8 | 5.6 | 0.0 | 3.1 | 5.0 | 1.7 | **3.7** |
| ShowUI-2B | 16.9 | 1.4 | 9.4 | 9.1 | 0.0 | 5.3 | 2.5 | 0.0 | 1.9 | 13.2 | 7.3 | 10.6 | 15.3 | 7.5 | 13.5 | 10.3 | 2.2 | 6.6 | 10.8 | 2.6 | **7.7** |
| CogAgent-18B | 14.9 | 0.7 | 8.0 | 9.6 | 0.0 | 5.6 | 7.1 | 3.1 | 6.1 | 22.2 | 1.8 | 13.4 | 13.0 | 0.0 | 10.0 | 5.6 | 0.0 | 3.1 | 12.0 | 0.8 | **7.7** |
| Aria-UI | 16.2 | 0.0 | 8.4 | 23.7 | 2.1 | 14.7 | 7.6 | 1.6 | 6.1 | 27.1 | 6.4 | 18.1 | 20.3 | 1.9 | 16.1 | 4.7 | 0.0 | 2.6 | 17.1 | 2.0 | **11.3** |
| UGround-7B | 26.6 | 2.1 | 14.7 | 27.3 | 2.8 | 17.0 | 14.2 | 1.6 | 11.1 | 31.9 | 2.7 | 19.3 | 31.6 | 11.3 | 27.0 | 17.8 | 0.0 | 9.7 | 25.0 | 2.8 | **16.5** |
| Claude Computer Use | 22.0 | 3.9 | 12.6 | 25.9 | 3.4 | 16.8 | 14.5 | 3.7 | 11.9 | 33.9 | 15.8 | 25.8 | 30.1 | 16.3 | 26.9 | 11.0 | 4.5 | 8.1 | 23.4 | 7.1 | **17.1** |
| OS-Atlas-7B | 33.1 | 1.4 | 17.7 | 28.8 | 2.8 | 17.9 | 12.2 | 4.7 | 10.3 | 37.5 | 7.3 | 24.4 | 33.9 | 5.7 | 27.4 | 27.1 | 4.5 | 16.8 | 28.1 | 4.0 | **18.9** |
| UGround-V1-7B | - | - | 35.5 | - | - | 27.8 | - | - | 13.5 | - | - | 38.8 | - | - | 48.8 | - | - | 26.1 | - | - | **31.1** |
| **UI-TARS-2B** | 47.4 | 4.1 | 26.4 | 42.9 | 6.3 | 27.6 | 17.8 | 4.7 | 14.6 | 56.9 | 17.3 | 39.8 | 50.3 | 17.0 | 42.6 | 21.5 | 5.6 | 14.3 | 39.6 | 8.4 | **27.7** |
| **UI-TARS-7B** | 58.4 | 12.4 | 36.1 | 50.0 | 9.1 | 32.8 | **20.8**| 9.4 | **18.0**| 63.9 | **31.8** | **50.0** | **63.3** | 20.8 | 53.5 | 30.8 | **16.9**| 24.5 | 47.8 | 16.2 | **35.7** |
| **UI-TARS-72B** | **63.0** | **17.3** | **40.8** | **57.1** | **15.4** | **39.6** | 18.8 | **12.5**| 17.2 | **64.6** | 20.9 | 45.7 | **63.3** | **26.4** | **54.8** | **42.1**| 15.7 | **30.1**| **50.9**| **17.5**| **38.1** |
- **ScreenSpot v2**
| Method | Mobile-Text | Mobile-Icon/Widget | Desktop-Text | Desktop-Icon/Widget | Web-Text | Web-Icon/Widget | Avg |
|--------|-------------|-------------|-------------|-------------|-------------|---------|---------|
| **Agent Framework** | | | | | | | |
| GPT-4o (SeeClick) | 85.2 | 58.8 | 79.9 | 37.1 | 72.7 | 30.1 | **63.6** |
| GPT-4o (OS-Atlas-4B) | 95.5 | 75.8 | 79.4 | 49.3 | 90.2 | 66.5 | **79.1** |
| GPT-4o (OS-Atlas-7B) | 96.2 | 83.4 | 89.7 | 69.3 | **94.0** | 79.8 | **87.1** |
| **Agent Model** | | | | | | | |
| SeeClick | 78.4 | 50.7 | 70.1 | 29.3 | 55.2 | 32.5 | **55.1** |
| OS-Atlas-4B | 87.2 | 59.7 | 72.7 | 46.4 | 85.9 | 63.1 | **71.9** |
| OS-Atlas-7B | 95.2 | 75.8 | 90.7 | 63.6 | 90.6 | 77.3 | **84.1** |
| **Our Model** | | | | | | | |
| **UI-TARS-2B** | 95.2 | 79.1 | 90.7 | 68.6 | 87.2 | 78.3 | **84.7** |
| **UI-TARS-7B** | **96.9** | **89.1** | **95.4** | 85.0 | 93.6 | 85.2 | **91.6** |
| **UI-TARS-72B** | 94.8 | 86.3 | 91.2 | **87.9** | 91.5 | **87.7** | **90.3** |
**Offline Agent Capability Evaluation**
- **Multimodal Mind2Web**
| Method | Cross-Task Ele.Acc | Cross-Task Op.F1 | Cross-Task Step SR | Cross-Website Ele.Acc | Cross-Website Op.F1 | Cross-Website Step SR | Cross-Domain Ele.Acc | Cross-Domain Op.F1 | Cross-Domain Step SR |
|--------|----------------------|-------------------|--------------------|----------------------|--------------------|-------------------|--------------------|-------------------|-------------------|
| **Agent Framework** | | | | | | | | | |
| GPT-4o (SeeClick) | 32.1 | - | - | 33.1 | - | - | 33.5 | - | - |
| GPT-4o (UGround) | 47.7 | - | - | 46.0 | - | - | 46.6 | - | - |
| GPT-4o (Aria-UI) | 57.6 | - | - | 57.7 | - | - | 61.4 | - | - |
| GPT-4V (OmniParser) | 42.4 | 87.6 | 39.4 | 41.0 | 84.8 | 36.5 | 45.5 | 85.7 | 42.0 |
| **Agent Model** | | | | | | | | | |
| GPT-4o | 5.7 | 77.2 | 4.3 | 5.7 | 79.0 | 3.9 | 5.5 | 86.4 | 4.5 |
| GPT-4 (SOM) | 29.6 | - | 20.3 | 20.1 | - | 13.9 | 27.0 | - | 23.7 |
| GPT-3.5 (Text-only) | 19.4 | 59.2 | 16.8 | 14.9 | 56.5 | 14.1 | 25.2 | 57.9 | 24.1 |
| GPT-4 (Text-only) | 40.8 | 63.1 | 32.3 | 30.2 | 61.0 | 27.0 | 35.4 | 61.9 | 29.7 |
| Claude | 62.7 | 84.7 | 53.5 | 59.5 | 79.6 | 47.7 | 64.5 | 85.4 | 56.4 |
| Aguvis-7B | 64.2 | 89.8 | 60.4 | 60.7 | 88.1 | 54.6 | 60.4 | 89.2 | 56.6 |
| CogAgent | - | - | 62.3 | - | - | 54.0 | - | - | 59.4 |
| Aguvis-72B | 69.5 | 90.8 | 64.0 | 62.6 | 88.6 | 56.5 | 63.5 | 88.5 | 58.2 |
| **Our Model** | | | | | | | | | |
| **UI-TARS-2B** | 62.3 | 90.0 | 56.3 | 58.5 | 87.2 | 50.8 | 58.8 | 89.6 | 52.3 |
| **UI-TARS-7B** | 73.1 | 92.2 | 67.1 | 68.2 | 90.9 | 61.7 | 66.6 | 90.9 | 60.5 |
| **UI-TARS-72B** | **74.7** | **92.5** | **68.6** | **72.4** | **91.2** | **63.5** | **68.9** | **91.8** | **62.1** |
- **Android Control and GUI Odyssey**
| Agent Models | AndroidControl-Low Type | AndroidControl-Low Grounding | AndroidControl-Low SR | AndroidControl-High Type | AndroidControl-High Grounding | AndroidControl-High SR | GUIOdyssey Type | GUIOdyssey Grounding | GUIOdyssey SR |
|---------------------|----------------------|----------------------|----------------|----------------------|----------------------|----------------|----------------|----------------|----------------|
| Claude | 74.3 | 0.0 | 19.4 | 63.7 | 0.0 | 12.5 | 60.9 | 0.0 | 3.1 |
| GPT-4o | 74.3 | 0.0 | 19.4 | 66.3 | 0.0 | 20.8 | 34.3 | 0.0 | 3.3 |
| SeeClick | 93.0 | 73.4 | 75.0 | 82.9 | 62.9 | 59.1 | 71.0 | 52.4 | 53.9 |
| InternVL-2-4B | 90.9 | 84.1 | 80.1 | 84.1 | 72.7 | 66.7 | 82.1 | 55.5 | 51.5 |
| Qwen2-VL-7B | 91.9 | 86.5 | 82.6 | 83.8 | 77.7 | 69.7 | 83.5 | 65.9 | 60.2 |
| Aria-UI | -- | 87.7 | 67.3 | -- | 43.2 | 10.2 | -- | 86.8 | 36.5 |
| OS-Atlas-4B | 91.9 | 83.8 | 80.6 | 84.7 | 73.8 | 67.5 | 83.5 | 61.4 | 56.4 |
| OS-Atlas-7B | 93.6 | 88.0 | 85.2 | 85.2 | 78.5 | 71.2 | 84.5 | 67.8 | 62.0 |
| Aguvis-7B | -- | -- | 80.5 | -- | -- | 61.5 | -- | -- | -- |
| Aguvis-72B | -- | -- | 84.4 | -- | -- | 66.4 | -- | -- | -- |
| **UI-TARS-2B** | **98.1** | 87.3 | 89.3 | 81.2 | 78.4 | 68.9 | 93.9 | 86.8 | 83.4 |
| **UI-TARS-7B** | 98.0 | 89.3 | 90.8 | 83.7 | 80.5 | 72.5 | 94.6 | 90.1 | 87.0 |
| **UI-TARS-72B** | **98.1** | **89.9** | **91.3** | **85.2** | **81.5** | **74.7** | **95.4** | **91.4** | **88.6** |
**Online Agent Capability Evaluation**
| Method | OSWorld (Online) | AndroidWorld (Online) |
|--------|-------------------|------------------|
| **Agent Framework** | | |
| GPT-4o (UGround) | - | 32.8 |
| GPT-4o (Aria-UI) | 15.2 | 44.8 |
| GPT-4o (Aguvis-7B) | 14.8 | 37.1 |
| GPT-4o (Aguvis-72B) | 17.0 | - |
| GPT-4o (OS-Atlas-7B) | 14.6 | - |
| **Agent Model** | | |
| GPT-4o | 5.0 | 34.5 (SoM) |
| Gemini-Pro-1.5 | 5.4 | 22.8 (SoM) |
| Aguvis-72B | 10.3 | 26.1 |
| Claude Computer-Use | 14.9 (15 steps) | 27.9 |
| Claude Computer-Use | 22.0 (50 steps) | - |
| **Our Model** | | |
| **UI-TARS-7B-SFT** | 17.7 (15 steps) | 33.0 |
| **UI-TARS-7B-DPO** | 18.7 (15 steps) | - |
| **UI-TARS-72B-SFT** | 18.8 (15 steps) | **46.6** |
| **UI-TARS-72B-DPO** | **22.7** (15 steps) | - |
| **UI-TARS-72B-DPO** | **24.6** (50 steps) | - |
## How to use
Coming soon...
## Contact
If you have any questions, feel free to contact us!
Email: [email protected]
## Citation
If you find our work helpful or inspiring, please feel free to cite it.
```
@article{uitars2025,
author = {Yujia Qin, Yining Ye, Junjie Fang, Haoming Wang, Shihao Liang, Shizuo Tian, Junda Zhang, Jiahao Li, Yunxin Li, Shijue Huang, Wanjun Zhong, Kuanye Li, Jiale Yang, Yu Miao, Woyu Lin, Longxiang Liu, Xu Jiang, Qianli Ma, Jingyu Li, Xiaojun Xiao, Kai Cai, Chuang Li, Yaowei Zheng, Chaolin Jin, Chen Li, Xiao Zhou, Minchao Wang, Haoli Chen, Zhaojian Li, Haihua Yang, Haifeng Liu, Feng Lin, Tao Peng, Xin Liu, Guang Shi},
title = {UI-TARS: Pioneering Automated GUI Interaction with Native Agents},
journal = {arXiv preprint arXiv:2501.12326},
url = {https://github.com/bytedance/UI-TARS},
year = {2025}
}
``` |